Numerical Model of a Single Phase, Regenerative Fuel Cell

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Garrard ◽  
S. Beck ◽  
P. Styring
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Dynamic Calculation ◽  
Species Concentration ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Regenerative Fuel Cell ◽  
Future Work

A code for numerical simulating the fluid flow and electrochemistry of a single phase regenerative fuel cell is presented. Due to the potentially tiny geometries and complex multi-physical interactions, modeling presents a chance to obtain detailed quantitative data and much needed understanding about physics within the reactor. The Regenesys XL200 fuel cell has the industrial application of large scale energy storage and is the focus of this work. A two dimensional, binary reduction reaction system has been created to represent the XL200 and test the code. Commercially available CFD software Fluent was used to calculate the flow field and subroutines were used to create the dynamic calculation of electrochemistry at the reaction surface. The effect of changing the total applied potential across the domain on the potential and species concentration distribution within the domain was investigated. Results show that the code is producing qualitatively feasible results that represent the tight multi-physical coupling. The code is currently not validated against physical experimental results and this will be the focus of future work.

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Ru3Pd6Pt Cathode Catalyst in a PEM Fuel Cell

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Leyva-Noyola ◽  
O. Solorza-Feria
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Set Up

Nanoparticles of Ru3Pd6Pt have been previously produced by different synthesis routes that involve high temperatures and relative high pressures and long time. The usage of a conventional microwave assisted synthesis reduces environmental risk impact as well as the cost effective production in large scale with minimum set up modifications. These features are the motivations for the use of microwaves in the synthesis of the Ru3Pd6Pt catalyst for PEM fuel cell applications to reduce the Pt loading. In this communication a tri-metallic electrocatalyst was produced by the reduction of the corresponding metallic salts, RuCl3, PdCl2, and H2PtCl6 in ethylene glycol using a modified conventional microwave device. Oxygen reduction reaction kinetic analysis results conducted to a Tafel slope, (-b = 41.2 ± 1.7 mV dec-1) at low overpotential, and exchange current density (i0 = 3.01 ± 0.39 × 10-5 mA cm-2) in 0.5M H2SO4. This electrocatalyst exhibited good performance and stability in a single H2/O2PEM fuel cell.

Self-Assembled Nano-Composite Perovskites as Highly Efficient and Robust Hybrid Cathode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hyuk Kim ◽  
Kyuseon Jang ◽  
Dae-Kwang Lim ◽  
Sejong Ahn ◽  
DongHwan Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Overall Performance

Oxygen reduction reaction, which proceeds at the cathode of a fuel cell, is primarily important as its rate determines the overall performance of the device. However, designing a single-phase material...

High-performance AEM unitized regenerative fuel cell using Pt-pyrochlore as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2107205118
Author(s):  
Pralay Gayen ◽  
Sulay Saha ◽  
Xinquan Liu ◽  
Kritika Sharma ◽  
Vijay K. Ramani
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Air Battery ◽  
Orr Activity ◽  
Regenerative Fuel Cell ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The performance of fixed-gas unitized regenerative fuel cells (FG-URFCs) are limited by the bifunctional activity of the oxygen electrocatalyst. It is essential to have a good bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst which can exhibit high activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this regard, Pt-Pb2Ru2O7-x is synthesized by depositing Pt on Pb2Ru2O7-x wherein Pt individually exhibits high ORR while Pb2Ru2O7-x shows high OER and moderate ORR activity. Pt-Pb2Ru2O7-x exhibits higher OER (η@10mAcm-2 = 0.25 ± 0.01 V) and ORR (η@-3mAcm-2 = -0.31 ± 0.02 V) activity in comparison to benchmark OER (IrO2, η@10mAcm-2 = 0.35 ± 0.02 V) and ORR (Pt/C, η@-3mAcm-2 = -0.33 ± 0.02 V) electrocatalysts, respectively. Pt-Pb2Ru2O7-x shows a lower bifunctionality index (η@10mAcm-2, OER− η@-3mAcm-2, ORR) of 0.56 V with more symmetric OER–ORR activity profile than both Pt (>1.0 V) and Pb2Ru2O7-x (0.69 V) making it more useful for the AEM (anion exchange membrane) URFC or metal-air battery applications. FG-URFC tested with Pt-Pb2Ru2O7-x and Pt/C as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst and bifunctional hydrogen electrocatalyst, respectively, yields a mass-specific current density of 715 ± 11 A/gcat-1 at 1.8 V and 56 ± 2 A/gcat-1 at 0.9 V under electrolyzer mode and fuel-cell mode, respectively. The FG-URFC shows a round-trip efficiency of 75% at 0.1 A/cm−2, underlying improvement in AEM FG-URFC electrocatalyst design.

Development of Gold Electrodes for Microbial Fuel Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 037-042 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Verea ◽  
M. Jaramillo-Torres ◽  
M. P. Mejia-Lopez ◽  
J. Campos ◽  
P. J. Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Electrode Fabrication ◽  
Technological Significance

The microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been an important subject of study in the last decades because of its technological significance that one can produce hydrogen or electricity by wastewater treatment (bio-remediation). One of the main issues for the application of these devices on large scale is the processes and materials for the electrode fabrication. The cathode for MFC requires a catalyst to perform the reduction reaction and this work presents a simple technique to obtain thin layers of gold (TLG) supported on glass. This technique was employed to obtain TLG with different thicknesses from 848 nm to the thinnest of 137 nm. Since the gold of the TLGs presented adherence issues, a successful thermal treatment with different temperatures from 150-300 ºC was developed to avoid the gold detachment. The TLGs were tested as cathodes in a MFC and a maximum Voc of 431 mV and an Isc of 10 × 10−2 mA were obtained. The process to obtain TLGs presented here has probed to be a good option for this application since the thickness obtained and the accessible material (glass) employed as support offers a solution to the costs and the scaling issues.

scholarly journals Hydrogen/functionalized benzoquinone for a high-performance regenerative fuel cell as a potential large-scale energy storage platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3933-3941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rubio-Garcia ◽  
Anthony Kucernak ◽  
Andres Parra-Puerto ◽  
Rutao Liu ◽  
Barun Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Redox Species ◽  
Reversible Redox ◽  
Regenerative Fuel Cell

A functionalised benzoquinone redox species is coupled to the hydrogen/proton reaction to achieve a respectable reversible redox fuel cell (RFC).

Enabling Multifunctional Electrocatalysts by Modifying the Basal Plane of Unifunctional 1T′-MoS2 with Anchored Transition-Metal Single Atoms

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Mengru Wang ◽  
Zhansheng Lu ◽  
Dongwei Ma ◽  
Yu Jia
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Single Atoms ◽  
Air Battery ◽  
Regenerative Fuel Cell

Multifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are attractive for the overall water-splitting, rechargeable metal-air battery, and unitized regenerative fuel cell....

scholarly journals High performance platinum single atom electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Menggai Jiao ◽  
Lanlu Lu ◽  
Heather M. Barkholtz ◽  
Yuping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Single Atom

Abstract For the large-scale sustainable implementation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells in vehicles, high-performance electrocatalysts with low platinum consumption are desirable for use as cathode material during the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. Here we report a carbon black-supported cost-effective, efficient and durable platinum single-atom electrocatalyst with carbon monoxide/methanol tolerance for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction. The acidic single-cell with such a catalyst as cathode delivers high performance, with power density up to 680 mW cm−2 at 80 °C with a low platinum loading of 0.09 mgPt cm−2, corresponding to a platinum utilization of 0.13 gPt kW−1 in the fuel cell. Good fuel cell durability is also observed. Theoretical calculations reveal that the main effective sites on such platinum single-atom electrocatalysts are single-pyridinic-nitrogen-atom-anchored single-platinum-atom centres, which are tolerant to carbon monoxide/methanol, but highly active for the oxygen reduction reaction.

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