Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Ru3Pd6Pt Cathode Catalyst in a PEM Fuel Cell

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Leyva-Noyola ◽  
O. Solorza-Feria
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Set Up

Nanoparticles of Ru3Pd6Pt have been previously produced by different synthesis routes that involve high temperatures and relative high pressures and long time. The usage of a conventional microwave assisted synthesis reduces environmental risk impact as well as the cost effective production in large scale with minimum set up modifications. These features are the motivations for the use of microwaves in the synthesis of the Ru3Pd6Pt catalyst for PEM fuel cell applications to reduce the Pt loading. In this communication a tri-metallic electrocatalyst was produced by the reduction of the corresponding metallic salts, RuCl3, PdCl2, and H2PtCl6 in ethylene glycol using a modified conventional microwave device. Oxygen reduction reaction kinetic analysis results conducted to a Tafel slope, (-b = 41.2 ± 1.7 mV dec-1) at low overpotential, and exchange current density (i0 = 3.01 ± 0.39 × 10-5 mA cm-2) in 0.5M H2SO4. This electrocatalyst exhibited good performance and stability in a single H2/O2PEM fuel cell.

scholarly journals A Review on Microbial Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1A) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Baidaa A. Kitafa ◽  
Afaf J. Obaid Al-saned
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Micro Organisms

The Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a bioreactor with which the chemical energy in chemical bonds of organic compounds are converted to electricity under anaerobic conditions through catalytic reactions of micro-organisms. It has been familiar for a long time that electricity can be generated directly through using bacteria to break organic matter. A microbial fuel cell can also serve in different wastewater treatment to destroy organic matter. The development of MFC technology requires a greater understanding of the microbial processes  for MFCs, and their components, limitations, factors and design this system, to be simpler and large scale system developed; so that it would increase electricity production while being cost-effective. This review discusses, what is the MFCs and the basic principle of how MFC operate, the most essential MFC components and their relevance, multiple MFC designs that have been presented as efficient configurations, Applications of MFCs, and several types of wastewater as substrates in MFC also highlighted.

Microwave assisted synthesis of high performance Ru85Se15/MWCNTs cathode catalysts for PEM fuel cell applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (22) ◽  
pp. 14599-14607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoming Zheng ◽  
Xuan Cheng ◽  
Ting-Chu Jao ◽  
Fang-Bor Weng ◽  
Ay Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Cathode Catalysts ◽  
Microwave Assisted

scholarly journals Environmental Engineering Techniques to Restore Degraded Posidonia oceanica Meadows

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Luigi Piazzi ◽  
Stefano Acunto ◽  
Francesca Frau ◽  
Fabrizio Atzori ◽  
Maria Francesca Cinti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Sessile Invertebrates ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Short Time

Seagrass planting techniques have shown to be an effective tool for restoring degraded meadows and ecosystem function. In the Mediterranean Sea, most restoration efforts have been addressed to the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica, but cost-benefit analyses have shown unpromising results. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of environmental engineering techniques generally employed in terrestrial systems to restore the P. oceanica meadows: two different restoration efforts were considered, either exploring non-degradable mats or, for the first time, degradable mats. Both of them provided encouraging results, as the loss of transplanting plots was null or very low and the survival of cuttings stabilized to about 50%. Data collected are to be considered positive as the survived cuttings are enough to allow the future spread of the patches. The utilized techniques provided a cost-effective restoration tool likely affordable for large-scale projects, as the methods allowed to set up a wide bottom surface to restore in a relatively short time without any particular expensive device. Moreover, the mats, comparing with other anchoring methods, enhanced the colonization of other organisms such as macroalgae and sessile invertebrates, contributing to generate a natural habitat.

Experimental Results of a PEM System Operated on Hydrogen and Reformate

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Minutillo ◽  
E. Jannelli ◽  
F. Tunzio
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell generator operating for residential applications. The fuel cell performance has been evaluated using the test bed of the University of Cassino. The experimental activity has been focused to evaluate the performance in different operating conditions: stack temperature, feeding mode, and fuel composition. In order to use PEM fuel cell technology on a large scale, for an electric power distributed generation, it could be necessary to feed fuel cells with conventional fuel, such as natural gas, to generate hydrogen in situ because currently the infrastructure for the distribution of hydrogen is almost nonexistent. Therefore, the fuel cell performance has been evaluated both using pure hydrogen and reformate gas produced by a natural gas reforming system.

Pt Surface Oxides and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Kinetics Under Dynamic PEM Fuel Cell Operation

2021 ◽  
Vol MA2021-02 (36) ◽  
pp. 1018-1018
Author(s):  
Venkata Yarlagadda ◽  
Wenbin Gu ◽  
Srikanth Arisetty ◽  
Anusorn Kongkanand
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Surface Oxides ◽  
Fuel Cell Operation

Selling the role of salvage: Cell salvage past and present

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 336-339
Author(s):  
Lucy Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Salvage ◽  
Autologous Transfusion ◽  
Allogenic Transfusion ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Meta Analyses

The use of transfused blood, be it from an allogenic (donor) or autologous (same patient) source, is not a new treatment and in fact has been experimented with since the mid 1800s. The role of cell salvage and re-infusion of a patient’s own blood, however, has only begun to gain real popularity in the last 20 years, after the undertaking of several large scale meta-analyses which have shown that not only is autologous transfusion no less efficacious when compared to allogenic transfusion, but also potentially safer for a number of reasons. Autologous transfusion is also more cost effective overall and potentially quicker to initiate in an emergency situation. Despite the body of evidence to support the use of salvaged blood for transfusion, hesitation around its use still persists, with staff apprehension around set up of cell salvage equipment and general underestimation of intraoperative blood loss being key factors in its underuse.

Numerical Model of a Single Phase, Regenerative Fuel Cell

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Garrard ◽  
S. Beck ◽  
P. Styring
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Dynamic Calculation ◽  
Species Concentration ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Regenerative Fuel Cell ◽  
Future Work

A code for numerical simulating the fluid flow and electrochemistry of a single phase regenerative fuel cell is presented. Due to the potentially tiny geometries and complex multi-physical interactions, modeling presents a chance to obtain detailed quantitative data and much needed understanding about physics within the reactor. The Regenesys XL200 fuel cell has the industrial application of large scale energy storage and is the focus of this work. A two dimensional, binary reduction reaction system has been created to represent the XL200 and test the code. Commercially available CFD software Fluent was used to calculate the flow field and subroutines were used to create the dynamic calculation of electrochemistry at the reaction surface. The effect of changing the total applied potential across the domain on the potential and species concentration distribution within the domain was investigated. Results show that the code is producing qualitatively feasible results that represent the tight multi-physical coupling. The code is currently not validated against physical experimental results and this will be the focus of future work.

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