Investigation of a Fuel Cell-Powered Blended Wing Body Airliner With Boundary Layer Re-Energization

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilios A. Pachidas ◽  
Riti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
High Specific Power ◽  
Blended Wing Body ◽  
Center Body

The following study was undertaken on the assumption that hydrocarbon-based fuels may not be acceptable in the very long term, because of environmental concerns. A possible future fuel is hydrogen, and this study explores a novel proposition for a civil airliner using hydrogen fuel. The technical challenges of this preliminary investigation were: a) the integration of an electric power plant (Fuel Cell) into a Blended Wing Body (BWB) aircraft, and b) to investigate the possibility of reducing the aircraft’s profile drag by boundary layer re-energization. For the re-energization of the boundary layer and for propulsion during cruise, the study considered High-Speed/High Specific Power (HS/HSP) motors, situated at the trailing edge (TE) of the center body, driving fans. Re-energizing the boundary layer of the center body, would reduce the profile drag of the aircraft and hence, the total fuel burn. The take-off requirements of the aircraft were met, by high by-pass ratio (BPR) turbofan lift engines, operating on hydrogen, for a V/STOL (Pachidis, 2000b).

Wave Cycle Design for NOx-Limited Wave Rotor Core Engines for High Speed Propulsion

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Razi Nalim ◽  
Jeffrey C. Mocsari ◽  
Edwin L. Resler
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Wave Rotor ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Wave Channel ◽  
High Specific Power ◽  
Wave Cycle ◽  
Pressure Exchange

Direct work and pressure exchange between gases can be accomplished by cyclic wave processes in the channels of a wave-rotor, circumventing the limitations of turbo-compressors. A wave-rotor cycle is presented for use as the high-pressure core in a high speed aircraft engine with turbine bypass. The products of a “low-NOx” combustor undergo a large immediate wave-expansion to reach a permissible turbine blade temperature. The wave rotor provides a substantial increase in pressure ratio and peak cycle temperature resulting in high specific power and efficiency. Approximate analytical methods are employed for initial design and optimization of the cycle. The method of characteristics is then used to compute the detailed time evolution of the flow-field in a wave channel.

scholarly journals Multi-Fidelity Design Optimization of a Long-Range Blended Wing Body Aircraft with New Airframe Technologies

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Stanislav Karpuk ◽  
Yaolong Liu ◽  
Ali Elham
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Active Flow Control ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Blended Wing Body ◽  
Active Flow

The German Cluster of Excellence SE²A (Sustainable and Energy Efficient Aviation) is established in order to investigate the influence of game-changing technologies on the energy efficiency of future transport aircraft. In this paper, the preliminary investigation of the four game-changing technologies active flow control, active load alleviation, boundary layer ingestion, and novel materials and structure concepts on the performance of a long-range Blended Wing Body (BWB) aircraft is presented. The BWB that was equipped with the mentioned technologies was designed and optimized using the multi-fidelity aircraft design code SUAVE with a connection to the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code SU2. The conceptual design of the BWB aircraft is performed within the SUAVE framework, where the influence of the new technologies is investigated. In the second step, the initially designed BWB aircraft is improved by an aerodynamic shape optimization while using the SU2 CFD code. In the third step, the performance of the optimized aircraft is evaluated again using the SUAVE code. The results showed more than 60% reduction in the aircraft fuel burn when compared to the Boeing 777.

Flexible and Lightweight Fuel Cell with High Specific Power Density

ACS Nano ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 5982-5991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fandi Ning ◽  
Xudong He ◽  
Yangbin Shen ◽  
Hehua Jin ◽  
Qingwen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
High Specific Power ◽  
Specific Power Density

Marinized Industrial Gas Turbine for HSLC Marine Propulsion

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris M. Waldhelm
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Marine Propulsion ◽  
High Specific Power ◽  
Reliable Performance ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Advancements in high speed, light craft (HSLC) sea transportation require a main propulsion system that provides relatively high specific power with a minimum of weight/space. For commercial operations, the economics of the propulsion system are considered a key criterion in power plant selection. Marinizing a durable second generation industrial gas turbine, like the Solar Taurus® marine gas turbine, is ideally suited to satisfy the combination of the high vessel speed objective and the operating cost economic justification of commercial HSLC. Since the Taurus gas turbine has evolved from an earlier marine propulsion gas turbine and is in offshore platform service using materials and coatings resistant to marine environments, certification for marine prime propulsion concentrated primarily on operating inclination dynamic loading and the interfaces with the auxiliary support systems. With its high power to weight ratio, reliable performance, competitive first cost, and low operating costs, the Taurus marine industrial gas turbine can be further enhanced by recuperation and variable nozzle designs improving specific fuel consumption and part load efficiencies beyond other alternatives.

Oil Free 8 kW High-Speed and High Specific Power Turbogenerator

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooshang Heshmat ◽  
James F. Walton ◽  
Andrew Hunsberger
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Design System ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Foil Bearings ◽  
High Specific Power ◽  
And Performance

In the paper the authors will present the design and preliminary test results for a high specific power (i.e., kW/kg) fully integrated and completely oil-free gas turbine driven electric generating system that operates with commercially available heavy fuel. The oil-free, high-speed micro-turboalternator system achieves high specific power through operating speeds to 180,000 rpm and the use of compliant foil bearings, high performance compressor and turbine and a permanent magnet alternator. The high operating temperatures and speeds require that oil-free compliant foil bearings be used and that the alternator section be isolated from the turbine engine portion of the system. The selected modular design approach, including compressor and turbine aerodynamic design, system thermal management issues and the corresponding impact on rotor bearing system dynamics, will all be presented. The paper concludes with a presentation of preliminary testing results showing stable full speed operation and peak power generated. Data obtained compares well with design predictions both from a rotordynamic and with regard to the cycle efficiency and performance. Conclusions regarding the ability to scale the technology to even smaller systems will also be presented.

Design of a Fuel Cell Powered Blended Wing Body UAV

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries Verstraete ◽  
Kai Lehmkuehler ◽  
K. C. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Electrical Propulsion ◽  
Blended Wing Body

Small-scale electrically powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are currently in use for a variety of reconnaissance and remote sensing missions. For these missions, electrical propulsion is generally preferred over small internal combustion engines because of the low noise and IR signature, low vibration levels, ease of operational support, and physical robustness. A desire for longer endurance than is available from the current generation of batteries has motivated the development of fuel cell based hybrid electrical propulsion systems. These advanced powerplant designs often include implementation challenges that will require new development methods and tools. Fuel cells generally lead to very low fuel weight at a high specific energy (Wh/kg) but have low specific power (W/kg). A high specific power is required to improve aircraft performance and manoeuvrability. Aircraft concepts powered solely by fuel cells therefore require both extremely lightweight airframes with a large internal volume and low-power payloads, which remains a challenge for conventional airframe designs. A blended-wing-body (BWB) airframe has high aerodynamic and structural efficiencies, which therefore seem ideally suited for this new generation of power-plants. This paper presents the development and testing of a novel BWB fuel-cell powered UAV. The paper first describes the initial design steps that led to the current airframe design. The Mark 1 platform has been developed, with a half-scale model built and currently being flight-tested. Based on the flight test results, the airframe will be scaled up and optimised to accommodate the fuel-cell and its associated systems. This aircraft will then be tested with a standard electrical propulsion system to determine the airworthiness with the restricted fuel cell power output as well as the design of the take-off boost system. This paper reports on the design, analyses, and preliminary testing of a fuel cell powered BWB UAV.

scholarly journals Sea Trials/Commissioning of a Gas Turbine Powered High Speed Passenger Vessel

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Waldhelm ◽  
Nigel Warren
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
High Specific Power ◽  
Passenger Vessel ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

The demand for higher vessel speeds and passenger comfort have led to the development of improved hull designs in conjunction with power plants of high specific power and low emissions capabilities inherent in gas turbines. In early 1993, FBM Marine began design and construction of a 45 meter Solent class hulled catamaran with a partial third hull, named TriCat, for 332-passenger service at greater than 45 knots. The power plant selected consists of two Solar Turbines Taurus 60M industrial derivative marine gas turbines driving KaMeWa AB Series 90S11 waterjets through Philadelphia Gear Corporation 1000 VMGH-HP2S speed reduction drives for a total shaft output power of 10.2 MW (equivalent ISO with inlet and exhaust losses). The Taurus 60M gas turbines, each ISO rated at 5250 kW MCR (without losses), the gearbox and control system were type approved and certified by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) in 1994 prior to issuance of the Certificate of Conformity of the total propulsion package. The sea trials of the TriCat were initiated late 1994 off the Isle of Wight in the UK. After Honk Kong Marine Department approval in early 1995, the owner/operator of the five vessels, CTS-Parkview, began passenger service in June 1995 between Hong Kong and Macau. This paper discusses the sea trials and commissioning process including improvements incorporated prior to initiation of passenger service on the TriCat.

Genesis of autotractor diesel engineering and first diesel tractors

2020 ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
High Specific Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Creation ◽  
International Event

Agriculture needed a simple engine running on cheap fuel to switch to mechanical traction. Due to its simplicity and ability to work on oil, colorization engines have become widespread, including in agriculture. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in identifying the key issues that influenced the creation of diesel engines with divided combustion chamber: indirect, pre-chamber, as well as studying the story of the creation of the indirect diesel, the first diesel tractors. (Materials and methods) The article notes the importance of the International Congress of figures involved in the construction and use of internal combustion engines, and the exhibition organized at the same time. The exhibition presents 95 engines, 23 of them were created at Russian factories. The holding of the international event and the wide participation of domestic engine manufacturers in it testified to the development of engine design in Russia. (Results and discussion) The article notes that despite the success of the world engine building, the problem of creating a lightweight diesel of high specific power, suitable for installation on automotive equipment, has not been solved yet. The article consideres the history of creation of a high-speed turbocharged diesel engine with a "soft" flow of the working stroke. (Conclusions) A two-cylinder pre-chamber diesel engine with a capacity of 18 kilowatts (25 horsepower) at 800 rpm by P. L'Orange was produced by Benz & Cie in 1922 and intended for agricultural machinery. The Benz-Sendling S6 motor plow with the Benz & Cie diesel was launched in March 1923. In addition to three-wheeled tractors and motor plows, since 1923, Benz and Sendling have offered a four-wheeled model of the BK diesel tractor. The first serial diesel tractor in Europe is considered to be the Deutz tractor. Produced in 1927, the MTH 222 tractor was equipped with a 14-horsepower single-cylinder engine with an additional chamber.

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