H System™ Technology Update

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Full Speed ◽  
Steam Cooling

Responding to a global market demand for clean, reliable and low-cost energy, GE Power Systems introduced its newest, most advanced generation of gas turbines in 1995. Called the H System™ this technology uses higher efficiency and output to produce electricity at lower costs than any other gas-fired power generation system available today. Efficiency. The H System™ is designed to achieve 60% thermal efficiency, a major milestone in the power generation industry. The most efficient combined-cycle systems currently in operation reach 57–58% efficiency. The use of advanced materials and a unique, steam-cooling system enable the higher firing temperatures required for this increase in efficiency. The integrated closed-loop steam cooling system uses steam from the steam turbine bottoming cycle to more efficiently cool the critical gas turbine parts, and returns the steam to the bottoming cycle where it can produce additional work in the steam turbine. Environmental Performance. The H System™ burns natural gas, a much cleaner fuel than other options such as oil or coal. In addition, the system’s higher efficiency means that less fuel is needed to produce the same amount of power, further reducing emissions of CO2 and NOx. The closed-loop steam cooling system cools both the rotating and stationary gas turbine parts to maintain combustion chamber exit temperatures for low NOx emissions, while permitting the high gas turbine firing temperatures required for increased efficiency and output. Reliability. The H System™ is based on technology proven in millions of hours of GE aircraft engine and power plant service. In particular, the lessons learned throughout the development and 7.1 million hours of worldwide operating experience of GE’s F technology have been applied to the H System™. Status. This technology has been subjected to an extensive validation process. This process includes component, scale, and full size rig testing, Full Speed No Load factory tests, and culminates in Full Speed Full Load characterization testing in a commercial power plant. This paper discusses the validation process and status for the 50 Hz S109H and 60 Hz S107H in more detail.

Flexible Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Utilising Organic Rankine Cycle Technology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Welch ◽  
Nicola Rossetti
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Operational Flexibility

Historically gas turbine power plants have become more efficient and reduced the installed cost/MW by developing larger gas turbines and installing them in combined cycle configuration with a steam turbine. These large gas turbines have been designed to maintain high exhaust gas temperatures to maximise the power generation from the steam turbine and achieve the highest overall electrical efficiencies possible. However, in today’s electricity market, with more emphasis on decentralised power generation, especially in emerging nations, and increasing penetration of intermittent renewable power generation, this solution may not be flexible enough to meet operator demands. An alternative solution to using one or two large gas turbines in a large central combined cycle power plant is to design and install multiple smaller decentralised power plant, based on multiple gas turbines with individual outputs below 100MW, to provide the operational flexibility required and enable this smaller power plant to maintain a high efficiency and low emissions profile over a wide load range. This option helps maintain security of power supplies, as well as providing enhanced operational flexibility through the ability to turn turbines on and off as necessary to match the load demand. The smaller gas turbines though tend not to have been optimised for combined cycle operation, and their exhaust gas temperatures may not be sufficiently high, especially under part load conditions, to generate steam at the conditions needed to achieve a high overall electrical efficiency. ORC technology, thanks to the use of specific organic working fluids, permits efficient exploitation of low temperatures exhaust gas streams, as could be the case for smaller gas turbines, especially when working on poor quality fuels. This paper looks at how a decentralised power plant could be designed using Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in place of the conventional steam Rankine Cycle to maximise power generation efficiency and flexibility, while still offering a highly competitive installed cost. Combined cycle power generation utilising ORC technology offers a solution that also has environmental benefits in a water-constrained World. The paper also investigates the differences in plant performance for ORC designs utilising direct heating of the ORC working fluid compared to those using an intermediate thermal oil heating loop, and looks at the challenges involved in connecting multiple gas turbines to a single ORC turbo-generator to keep installed costs to a minimum.

Steam Turbine Driving Compressor for Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Power Plant

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wancai Liu ◽  
Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Thermodynamic Process ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Steam Cycle

Gas turbine is widely applied in power-generation field, especially combined gas-steam cycle. In this paper, the new scheme of steam turbine driving compressor is investigated aiming at the gas-steam combined cycle power plant. Under calculating the thermodynamic process, the new scheme is compared with the scheme of conventional gas-steam combined cycle, pointing its main merits and shortcomings. At the same time, two improved schemes of steam turbine driving compressor are discussed.

Requirements for Gas Turbine Inlet Systems in Russia

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tagir R. Nigmatulin ◽  
Vladimir E. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Inlet System ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

Russian power generation, oil and gas businesses are rapidly growing. Installation of new industrial gas turbines is booming to fulfill the demand from economic growth. Russia is a unique country from the annual temperature variation point of view. Some regions may reach up to 100C. One of the biggest challenges for world producers of gas turbines in Russia is the ability to operate products at power plants during cold winters, when ambient temperature might be −60C for a couple of weeks in a row. The reliability and availability of the equipment during the cold season is very critical. Design of inlet systems and filter houses for the Russian market, specifically for northern regions, has a lot of specifics and engineering challenges. Joint Stock Company CKTI is the biggest Russian supplier of air intake systems for industrial gas turbines and axial-flow compressors. In 1969 this enterprise designed and installed the first inlet for the power plant Dagskaya GRES (State Regional Electric Power Plant) with the first 100MW gas-turbine which was designed and manufactured by LMZ. Since the late 1960s CKTI has designed and manufactured inlet systems for the world market and been the main supplier for the Russian market. During the last two years CKTI has designed inlet systems for a broad variety of gas turbine engines ranging from 24MW up to 110MW turbines which are used for power generation and as a mechanical drive for the oil and gas industry. CKTI inlet systems with filtering devices or houses are successfully used in different climate zones including the world’s coldest city Yakutsk and hot Nigeria. CKTI has established CTQs (Critical to quality) and requirements for industrial gas turbine inlet systems which will be installed in Russia in different climate zones for all types of energy installations. The last NPI project of the inlet system, including a nonstandard layout, was done for a small gas-turbine engine which is installed on a railway cart. This arrangement is designed to clean railway lines with the exhaust jet in a quarry during the winter. The design of the inlet system with efficient multistage compressor extraction for deicing, dust and snow resistance has an interesting solution. The detailed description of challenges, weather requirements, calculations, losses, and design methodologies to qualify the system for tough requirements, are described in the paper.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Closed Loop Cooled Cycles

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren T. Watson ◽  
Ian Ritchey
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Steam Cooling ◽  
Practical Constraints

Closed loop steam cooling schemes have been proposed by a number of manufacturers for advanced Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power plant (see for example Corman (1996) and Briesch et al. (1994)) asserting that thermal efficiencies in excess of 60% (LHV) are achievable combined with significant improvements of ∼15% in specific power (see Corman (1995)). In understanding the efficiency advantage however, the relative performance of each cooling system (subject to the same practical constraints and technology levels) is a better indicator then the absolute value. Assessment of the performance of such novel schemes generally involves a detailed numerical analysis of an integrated cycle which may often prevent validation of the results or obscure an understanding of the physical basis for the claimed improvements. Here, to overcome this, a group of simplified expressions are defined for the variation of each cycles efficiency due to cooling which show where the differences come from. These expressions are based simply on a calculation of the marginal increase in heat rejected, to the environment from the cycle, due to an increase in the level of cooling. After these relationships are validated using detailed heat balance calculations they are used to compare the main cooling options, namely open loop air, closed loop air and closed loop steam when subject to the same practical constraints and assumptions. Based on these results it is proposed that the relative advantage of closed loop cooling may not be as significant as previously thought. Furthermore, it is shown that the closed loop cooling efficiency gain is heavily dependent on the performance and reliability of substantial Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs). Finally, although the majority of recent interest in closed loop cooling schemes has focused upon CCGT plant, there are other systems where the benefits of closed loop steam cooling appear to be greater, in particular cycles involving steam injected gas turbines. Such a cycle is analysed here with a number of advanced cooling options.

Evaluation of Advanced Combined Cycle Power Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Kail
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Quality ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Steam Cooling

This report will analyse and evaluate the most recent and significant trends in combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant configurations. The various enhancements will be compared with the ‘simple’ gas turbine. The first trend, a gas turbine with reheat, cannot convert its better efficiency and higher output into a lower cost of electrical power. The additional investments required as well as increased maintenance costs will neutralize all the thermodynamic performance advantages. The second concept of cooling the turbine blades with steam puts very stringent requirements on the blade materials, the steam quality and the steam cooling system design. Closed-loop steam cooling of turbine blades offers cost advantages only if all its technical problems can be solved and the potential risks associated with the process can be eliminated through long demonstration programmes in the field. The third configuration, a gas turbine with a closed-loop combustion chamber cooling system, appears to be less problematic than the previous, steam-cooled turbine blades. In comparison with an open combustion chamber cooling system, this solution is more attractive due to better thermal performance and lower emissions. Either air or steam can be used as the cooling fluid.

scholarly journals Cogeneration: Gas Turbine Multitasking

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (08) ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
The University ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

This article describes the functioning of the gas turbine cogeneration power plant at the University of Connecticut (UConn) in Storrs. This 25-MW power plant serves the 18,000 students’ campus. It has been in operation since 2006 and is expected to save the University $180M in energy costs over its 40-year design life. The heart of the UConn cogeneration plant consists of three 7-MW Solar Taurus gas turbines burning natural gas, with fuel oil as a backup. These drive water-cooled generators to produce up to 20–24 MW of electrical power distributed throughout the campus. Gas turbine exhaust heat is used to generate up to 200,000 pounds per hour of steam in heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs). The HRSGs provide high-pressure steam to power a 4.6-MW steam turbine generator set for more electrical power and low-pressure steam for campus heating. The waste heat from the steam turbine contained in low-pressure turbine exhaust steam is combined with the HRSG low-pressure steam output for campus heating.

scholarly journals Gas-Steam Power Generation

1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Martinuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

The combination of a gas turbine with a steam turbine driven by steam produced in a generator heated by the gas-turbine exhaust is studied. The field of application of such a gas-steam power plant is examined, as well as the best operational characteristics of the combination. The special features of closed-cycle gas turbines, particularly of the type used in conjunction with gas-cooled, high-temperature nuclear reactors, are shown to give considerable advantages when combined with a steam turbine.

6200-KW Gas-Turbine-Driven Mobile Power Plant

1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Stanley Stys
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Ship Propulsion ◽  
New Machine

It is amazing how wide the field of application of this comparatively new machine is, because actually only slightly more than a decade has passed since it made its debut in continuous commercial service. To name a few such fields: Power generation, traction, aviation, ship propulsion, chemical industry, nuclear reactors, etc. Brown Boveri gas turbines are being used in many of these applications — and recently our company also developed a mobile power plant driven by a gas turbine. The purpose of this paper is to describe the details of such units.

Advanced Cooling in Gas Turbines 2016 Max Jakob Memorial Award Paper

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Chin Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gas Turbine Heat Transfer

Gas turbines have been extensively used for aircraft engine propulsion, land-based power generation, and industrial applications. Power output and thermal efficiency of gas turbines increase with increasing turbine rotor inlet temperatures (RIT). Currently, advanced gas turbines operate at turbine RIT around 1700 °C far higher than the yielding point of the blade material temperature about 1200 °C. Therefore, turbine rotor blades need to be cooled by 3–5% of high-pressure compressor air around 700 °C. To design an efficient turbine blade cooling system, it is critical to have a thorough understanding of gas turbine heat transfer characteristics within complex three-dimensional (3D) unsteady high-turbulence flow conditions. Moreover, recent research trend focuses on aircraft gas turbines that operate at even higher RIT up to 2000 °C with a limited amount of cooling air, and land-based power generation gas turbines (including 300–400 MW combined cycles with 60% efficiency) burn alternative syngas fuels with higher heat load to turbine components. It is important to understand gas turbine heat transfer problems with efficient cooling strategies under new harsh working environments. Advanced cooling technology and durable thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) play most critical roles for development of new-generation high-efficiency gas turbines with near-zero emissions for safe and long-life operation. This paper reviews basic gas turbine heat transfer issues with advanced cooling technologies and documents important relevant papers for future research references.

scholarly journals A 31/42 Mw Gas Turbine for Power Generation

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Congiu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Industrial Operation ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
Main Construction

This paper presents a 37/42 Mw compound open-cycle-type TG3000 gas turbine, designed by the author’s company, which is one of the most powerful gas turbines ever built and in industrial operation. The first unit started industrial operation in September 1962 in Italy at Chivasso Power Plant; three more units, destined for a power plant in Belgrade, are being bench-tested or under assembly. The paper illustrates the considerations which led the author’s company to choose the power and the cycle arrangement of the gas turbine, the main construction and design features of the single components as well as the initial operating results.

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