Three-Dimensional CFD Analysis of a Gas Turbine Combustor for Medium/Low Heating Value Syngas Fuel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Lucheng Ji ◽  
Zhedian Zhang ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Yunhan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Flamelet Model

Gas turbine is one of the key components for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system. Combustor of the gas turbine needs to burn medium/low heating value syngas produced by coal gasification. In order to save time and cost during the design and development of a gas turbine combustor for medium/low heating value syngas, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) offers a good mean. In this paper, 3D numerical simulations were carried out on a full scale multi-nozzle gas turbine combustor using commercial CFD software FLUENT. A 72 degrees sector was modeled to minimize the number of cells of the grid. For the fluid flow part, viscous Navier-Stokes equations were solved. The realizable k-ε turbulence model was adopted. Steady laminar flamelet model was used for the reacting system. The interaction between fluid turbulence and combustion chemistry was taken into account by the PDF (probability density function) model. The simulation was performed with two design schemes which are head cooling using film-cooling and impingement cooling. The details of the flow field and temperature distribution inside the two gas turbine combustors obtained could be cited as references for design and retrofit. Similarities were found between the predicted and experimental data of the transition duct exit temperature profile. There is much work yet to be done on modeling validation in the future.

Design and Development Test of a Gas Turbine Combustor for High Hydrogen Medium Heating Value Syngas Fuel

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Xu ◽  
Yufeng Cui ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Yu Lei ◽  
Chaoqun Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Engineering Thermophysics ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Full Scale Tests

When gas turbine is used in coal co-production system, its combustor needs to burn syngas produced by coal gasification. The syngas’ main combustible compositions are CO and H2, and it has a nominal lower heating value of 10920kJ/ncm. In this paper, three modification schemes of a heavy-duty gas turbine combustor burning syngas are proposed. Flow fields, temperature profile and chemical reaction characteristics are compared using three-dimensional CFD numerical simulation and two of them have been chosen for medium-pressure, full-scale tests at the Gas Turbine Combustor Laboratory of the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Laboratory tests show good result in exhaust emissions, combustor efficiency, exhaust temperature profile, and metal temperature distribution of liner and transaction pieces, which indicate that the retrofitting schemes satisfied the design specification. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of the combustors are researched applying FFT and wavelet analyses.

scholarly journals Simulation and optimization integrated gasification combined cycle by used aspen hysys and aspen plus

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Mohsen Darabi ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadiun ◽  
Hamid Mohammadiun ◽  
Saeed Mortazavi ◽  
Mostafa Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Integrated Gasification

<p>Electricity is an indispensable amenity in present society. Among all those energy resources, coal is readily available all over the world and has risen only moderately in price compared with other fuel sources. As a result, coal-fired power plant remains to be a fundamental element of the world's energy supply. IGCC, abbreviation of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, is one of the primary designs for the power-generation market from coal-gasification. This work presents a in the proposed process, diluted hydrogen is combusted in a gas turbine. Heat integration is central to the design. Thus far, the SGR process and the HGD unit are not commercially available. To establish a benchmark. Some thermodynamic inefficiencies were found to shift from the gas turbine to the steam cycle and redox system, while the net efficiency remained almost the same. A process simulation was undertaken, using Aspen Plus and the engineering equation solver (EES).The The model has been developed using Aspen Hysys® and Aspen Plus®. Parts of it have been developed in Matlab, which is mainly used for artificial neural network (ANN) training and parameters estimation. Predicted results of clean gas composition and generated power present a good agreement with industrial data. This study is aimed at obtaining a support tool for optimal solutions assessment of different gasification plant configurations, under different input data sets.</p>

System Evaluation and LBTU Fuel Combustion Studies for IGCC Power Generation

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Cook ◽  
J. C. Corman ◽  
D. M. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cycle Systems ◽  
Combined Cycles

The integration of gas turbines and combined cycle systems with advances in coal gasification and gas stream cleanup systems will result in economically viable IGCC systems. Optimization of IGCC systems for both emission levels and cost of electricity is critical to achieving this goal. A technical issue is the ability to use a wide range of coal and petroleum-based fuel gases in conventional gas turbine combustor hardware. In order to characterize the acceptability of these syngases for gas turbines, combustion studies were conducted with simulated coal gases using full-scale advanced gas turbine (7F) combustor components. It was found that NOx emissions could be correlated as a simple function of stoichiometric flame temperature for a wide range of heating values while CO emissions were shown to depend primarily on the H2 content of the fuel below heating values of 130 Btu/scf (5125 kJ/NM3) and for H2/CO ratios less than unity. The test program further demonstrated the capability of advanced can-annular combustion systems to burn fuels from air-blown gasifiers with fuel lower heating values as low as 90 Btu/scf (3548 kJ/NM3) at 2300°F (1260°C) firing temperature. In support of ongoing economic studies, numerous IGCC system evaluations have been conducted incorporating a majority of the commercial or near-commercial coal gasification systems coupled with “F” series gas turbine combined cycles. Both oxygen and air-blown configurations have been studied, in some cases with high and low-temperature gas cleaning systems. It has been shown that system studies must start with the characteristics and limitations of the gas turbine if output and operating economics are to be optimized throughout the range of ambient operating temperature and load variation.

Direct Measurements of Overall Effectiveness and Heat Flux on a Film Cooled Test Article at High Temperatures and Pressures

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Lawson ◽  
D. L. Straub ◽  
S. Beer ◽  
K. H. Casleton ◽  
T. Sidwell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Test Article ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

The energy requirements associated with recovering greenhouse gases from Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) or Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plants are significant. The subsequent reductions in overall plant efficiency also result in a higher cost of electricity. In order to meet the future demand for cleaner energy production, this research is focused on improving gas turbine efficiency through advancements in gas turbine cooling capabilities. For this study, an experimental approach was developed to quantify overall effectiveness and net heat flux reduction for a film-cooled test article at high temperature and pressure conditions. A major part of this study focused on validating an advanced optical thermography technique capable of distinguishing between emitted and reflected radiation from film-cooled test articles exposed to exhaust gases in excess of 1000°C and 5 bar. The optical thermography method was used to acquire temperature maps of both external and internal wall temperatures on a test article with fan-shaped film cooling holes. The overall effectiveness and heat flux were quantified with one experiment. The optical temperature measurement technique was capable of measuring wall temperatures to within ±7.2°C. Uncertainty estimates showed that the methods developed for this study were capable of quantifying improvements in overall effectiveness necessary to meet DOE program goals. Results showed that overall effectiveness increased with an increase in blowing ratio and a decrease in mainstream gas pressure while heat flux contours indicated consistent trends.

A Comparative Analysis of Single Nozzle and Multiple Nozzles Arrangements for Syngas Combustion in Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Liu ◽  
Hong Yin ◽  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Xiaoqing Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Integrated Gasification

Heavy duty gas turbines are the core components in the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system. Different from the conventional fuel for gas turbine such as natural gas and light diesel, the combustible component acquired from the IGCC system is hydrogen-rich syngas fuel. It is important to modify the original gas turbine combustor or redesign a new combustor for syngas application since the fuel properties are featured with the wide range hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture. First, one heavy duty gas turbine combustor which adopts natural gas and light diesel was selected as the original type. The redesign work mainly focused on the combustor head and nozzle arrangements. This paper investigated two feasible combustor arrangements for the syngas utilization including single nozzle and multiple nozzles. Numerical simulations are conducted to compare the flow field, temperature field, composition distributions, and overall performance of the two schemes. The obtained results show that the flow structure of the multiple nozzles scheme is better and the temperature distribution inside the combustor is more uniform, and the total pressure recovery is higher than the single nozzle scheme. Through the full scale test rig verification, the combustor redesign with multiple nozzles scheme is acceptable under middle and high pressure combustion test conditions. Besides, the numerical computations generally match with the experimental results.

scholarly journals The GE Rich-Quench-Lean Gas Turbine Combustor

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Feitelberg ◽  
M. A. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Perforated Plate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Chemical Kinetic Model ◽  
The Rich

The General Electric Company has developed and successfully tested a full-scale, F-class (2550°F combustor exit temperature), rich-quench-lean (RQL) gas turbine combustor, designated RQL2, for low heating value (LHV) fuel and integrated gasification combined cycle applications. Although the primary objective of this effort was to develop an RQL combustor with lower conversion of fuel bound nitrogen to NOx than a conventional gas turbine combustor, the RQL2 design can be readily adapted to natural gas and liquid fuel combustion. RQL2 is the culmination of a 5 year research and development effort that began with natural gas tests of a 2” diameter perforated plate combustor and included LHV fuel tests of RQL1, a reduced scale (6” diameter) gas turbine combustor. The RQL2 combustor includes a 14” diameter converging rich stage liner, an impingement cooled 7” diameter radially-stratified-quench stage, and a backward facing step at the entrance to a 10” diameter film cooled lean stage. The rich stage combustor liner has a novel double-walled structure with narrow circumferential cooling channels to maintain metal wall temperatures within design limits. Provisions were made to allow independent control of the air supplied to the rich and quench/lean stages. RQL2 has been fired for almost 100 hours with LHV fuel supplied by a pilot scale coal gasification and high temperature desulfurization system. At the optimum rich stage equivalence ration NOx emissions were about 50 ppmv (on a dry, 15 percent O2 basis), more than a factor of 3 lower than expected from a conventional diffusion flame combustor burning the same fuel. With 4600 ppmv NH3 in the LHV fuel, this corresponds to a conversion of NH3 to NOx of about 5 percent. As conditions were shifted away from the optimum, RQL2 NOx emissions gradually increased until they were comparable to a standard combustor. A chemical kinetic model of RQL2, constructed from a series of ideal chemical reactors, matched the measured NOx emissions fairly well. The CO emissions were between 5 and 30 ppmv (on a dry, 15 percent O2 basis) under all conditions.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Syngas Nozzle of Gas Turbine for Syngas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Ye Qin ◽  
Shaoping Shi ◽  
Shu Yan ◽  
Yanfei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Heating Value

Abstract Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is a technology that integrates the coal gasification and combined cycle to produce electricity efficiently. Due to the fact that the heating value of syngas from coal gasification process is typically lower than that of the natural gas, the conventional gas turbine will have to be adapted for syngas. The nozzle adjustment is the key to the successful transformation since the ignition properties are different between syngas and natural gas which have totally different compositions. The nozzles suitable for natural gas have been prone to partially melting around the flame stabilization holes on sidewalls of the nozzle in real operation. Thus a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was constructed for the syngas nozzles as well as combustion chamber of the gas turbine for low heating value syngas to study the thermostability of the nozzle. The detailed structure of the syngas nozzle, the combustion characteristics of syngas, as well as the actual operation condition of the gas turbine were all employed in the CFD model to improve the simulation accuracy. The reason of partially melting of the nozzles suitable for natural gas can be attributed to that the syngas leaked from the flame stabilization holes into the mainstream air can quickly mix with air, adhere to the sidewalls of the nozzles and then ignite around the holes which result in temperatures high enough to melt the material of the nozzle around the holes through CFD simulation. Finally, a new structure of the syngas nozzle was proposed and validated by CFD simulations. The simulation result shows that the flames caused by the syngas leaked from the flame stabilization holes are no longer adhering to the nozzle sidewalls and local high temperature can be lowered by about 30% which will not be able to melt the nozzle material.

Design and Performance of Low Heating Value Fuel Gas Turbine Combustors

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Battista ◽  
Alan S. Feitelberg ◽  
Michael A. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustors ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Combustor Liner

General Electric Company is developing and testing low heating value fuel gas turbine combustors for use in integrated gasification combined cycle power generation systems. This paper presents the results of a series of combustion tests conducted at the pilot scale coal gasification and high temperature desulfurization system located at GE Corporate Research and Development in Schenectady, New York. Tests were performed in a modified GE MS6000 combustor liner operating at a pressure of 10 bar and over a wide load range (combustor exit temperatures from 760 to 1400°C). The primary objective of these tests was to compare and contrast the performance (emissions, flame stability, and combustor liner temperatures) of six different low heating value fuel nozzle designs, representing three distinct nozzle concepts. With 2200 to 4600 ppmv NH3 in the fuel, the conversion of fuel NH3 to NOx was roughly independent of fuel nozzle type, and ranged from about 70% at low combustor exit temperatures to about 20% at high combustor exit temperatures. For all of the fuel nozzles, CO emissions were typically less than 5 ppmv (on a dry, 15% O2 basis) at combustor exit temperatures greater than 980°C. Significant differences in CO emissions were observed at lower combustor exit temperatures. Some differences in liner temperatures and flame stability were also observed with the different nozzles. In general, nozzles which produced lower CO emissions and greater flame stability had higher fuel swirl angles and resulted in higher combustor liner temperatures. The nozzle with the best overall performance (consisting of concentric axial air and fuel swirlers and an air cooled mixing cup) has been selected for use at a commercial site.

Air Extraction in a Gas Turbine for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC): Experiments and Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kapat ◽  
A. K. Agrawal ◽  
T. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Alternate Scheme ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Flow Experiments

This paper presents an investigation of extracting air from the compressor discharge of a heavy-frame gas turbine. The study aimed to verify results of an approximate analysis: whether extracting air from the turbine wrapper would create unacceptable nonuniformity in the flow field inside the compressor discharge casing. A combined experimental and computational approach was undertaken. Cold flow experiments were conducted in an approximately one-third scale model of a heavy-frame gas turbine; a closely approximated three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic analysis was also performed. This study substantiated the earlier prediction that extracting air from the turbine wrapper would be undesirable, although this method of air extraction is simple to retrofit. Prediffuser inlet is suggested as an alternate location for extracting air. The results show that not only was the problem of flow nonuniformity alleviated with this alternate scheme, but the frictional power loss in the compressor discharge casing was also reduced by a factor of two.

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