Experimental and Modeling Study of the Combustion of Synthetic Jet Fuels: Naphtenic Cut and Blend With a GtL Jet Fuel

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Dagaut ◽  
Pascal Diévart
Keyword(s):  
Air Transportation ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Kinetic Reaction ◽  
Experimental Database ◽  
Initial Fuel ◽  
Kinetics Of

Research on the production and combustion of synthetic jet fuels has recently gained importance because of their potential for addressing security of supply and sustainable air transportation challenges. The combustion of a 100% naphtenic cut that fits with typical chemical composition of products coming from biomass or coal liquefaction (C12.64H23.64; M=175.32 g.mol−1; H/C=1.87; DCN=39; density=863.1 g.L−1) and a 50% vol. mixture with Gas to Liquid from Shell (mixture: C11.54H23.35; M=161.83 g.mol−1; H/C=2.02; DCN=46; density=800.3 g.L−1) were studied in a jetstirred reactor under the same conditions (temperature, 550–1150 K; pressure, 10 bar; equivalence ratio, 0.5, 1, and 2; initial fuel concentration, 1000 ppm). Surrogate model-fuels were designed based on fuel composition and properties for simulating the kinetics of oxidation of these fuels. We used new model-fuels consisting of mixtures of n-decane, decalin, tetralin, 2-methylheptane, 3-methylheptane, n-propyl cyclohexane, and n-propylbenzene. The detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism proposed was validated using the entire experimental database obtained in the present work and for the oxidation of pure GtL, we used previous results. Kinetic computations involving reaction paths analyses and sensitivity analyses were used to interpret the results.

Kinetics of Oxidation of a 100% Gas-to-Liquid Synthetic Jet Fuel and a Mixture GTL/1-Hexanol in a Jet-Stirred Reactor: Experimental and Modeling Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mzé-Ahmed ◽  
Philippe Dagaut ◽  
Guillaume Dayma ◽  
Pascal Diévart
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Stirred Reactor ◽  
Initial Fuel ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Kinetics Of

Research activities on the combustion of synthetic jet fuels and bio-derived jet fuels have increased notably over the last 10 years in order to solve the challenging reduction of dependence of air transportation on petroleum. Within the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme, the combustion of a 100% GtL from Shell and a 80/20% vol. GtL/1-hexanol blend were studied in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR). This synthetic GtL fuel mainly contains n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, and cyclo-alkanes. We studied the oxidation of these alternatives jet fuels under the same conditions (temperature, 550–1150 K; pressure, 10 bar; equivalence ratio, 0.5–2; initial fuel concentration, 1000 ppm). For simulating the oxidation kinetics of these fuels we used a new surrogate mixture consisting of n-dodecane, 3-methylheptane, n-propylcyclohexane, and 1-hexanol. A detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism was developed and validated by comparison with the experimental results obtained in a jet-stirred reactor. The current model was also tested for the autoignition of the GtL fuel under shock tubes conditions (φ = 1 and P = 20 atm) using data from the literature. Kinetic computations involving reaction paths analyses and sensitivity analyses were used to interpret the results. The general findings are that the GTL and GTL/hexanol blend have very similar reactivity to Jet A-1, which is important since GTL is a drop-in fuel that should have similar performance to the Jet A-1 baseline and 1-hexanol should not significantly affect the reactivity if it is to be used as an additive.

The Combustion of Synthetic Jet Fuels (Gas to Liquid and Coal to Liquid) and Multi-Component Surrogates: Experimental and Modeling Study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Dagaut ◽  
Guillaume Dayma ◽  
Florent Karsenty ◽  
Zeynep Serinyel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Chemical Kinetic Model ◽  
Experimental Database ◽  
Stirred Reactor ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Gas To Liquid ◽  
Using Data

Research on synthetic jet fuels production and combustion has recently gained importance because they could help addressing security of supply and sustainable air transportation challenges. The combustion of a 100% Gas to Liquid from Shell (C10.45H23.06; M=148.44 g.mol−1; H/C=2.20; density=737.7 g L−1), a 100% vol. Coal to Liquid from Sasol (C11.06H21.6; M=154.32 g mol−1; H/C=1.95; density= 815.7 g L−1) and surrogates composed of various concentrations of n-decane iso-octane, n-propylcyclohexane, n-propylbenzene, and decalin, were studied in a jet-stirred reactor under the same conditions (temperature, 550–1150 K; pressure, 10 bar; equivalence ratio, 0.5–2). Comparison of these results helped designing optimum surrogate model fuels for the chemical kinetic computations. For simulating the kinetics of oxidation of the synthetic fuels we used new surrogates consisting of mixtures of n-decane, iso-octane, 2-methylheptane, 3-methylheptane, decalin, n-propylcyclohexane, n-propylbenzene, and tetralin. The detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism proposed here consisted of 2430 species reacting in 10962 reversible reactions. It was validated using the entire experimental database obtained previously in our laboratory and in the present work. The current chemical kinetic model was also tested for the auto-ignition under shock tubes using data from the literature. Kinetic computations involving reaction paths analyses and sensitivity analyses were used to interpret the results.

Kinetics of Oxidation of a 100% Gas-to-Liquid Synthetic Jet Fuel and a Mixture GtL/1-Hexanol in a Jet-Stirred Reactor: Experimental and Modeling Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mzé-Ahmed ◽  
Philippe Dagaut ◽  
Guillaume Dayma ◽  
Pascal Diévart
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Stirred Reactor ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Kinetics Of

Research activities on the combustion of synthetic jet fuels and bioderived jet fuels have increased notably over the last 10 yr in order to solve the challenging reduction of dependence of air transportation on petroleum. Within the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, the combustion of a 100% GtL from Shell and a 80/20% vol. GtL/1-hexanol blend were studied in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR). This synthetic GtL fuel mainly contains n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, and cyclo-alkanes. We studied the oxidation of these alternative jet fuels under the same conditions (temperature, 550–1150 K; pressure, 10 bar; equivalence ratio, 0.5–2; initial fuel concentration, 1000 ppm). For simulating the oxidation kinetics of these fuels we used a new surrogate mixture consisting of n-dodecane, 3-methylheptane, n-propylcyclohexane, and 1-hexanol. A detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism was developed and validated by comparison with the experimental results obtained in a JSR. The current model was also tested for the auto-ignition of the GtL fuel under shock tubes conditions (φ = 1 and P = 20 atm) using data from the literature. Kinetic computations involving reaction paths analyses and sensitivity analyses were used to interpret the results. The general findings are that the GtL and GtL/hexanol blend have very similar reactivity to Jet A-1, which is important since GtL is a drop-in fuel that should have similar performance to the Jet A-1 baseline and 1-hexanol should not significantly affect the reactivity if it is to be used as an additive.

Synthetic Jet Fuel Combustion: Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dagaut ◽  
A. Mze´-Ahmed ◽  
K. Hadj-Ali ◽  
P. Die´vart
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Kinetics Of Oxidation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Fischer-Tropsch liquid fuels synthesized from syngas, also called synthetic paraffinic jet fuel (SPK), can be used to replace conventional petroleum-derived fuels in jet engines. Whereas currently syngas is mostly produced from coal of natural gas, its production from biomass has been reported. These synthetic liquid fuels contain a very high fraction of iso-alkanes, while conventional jet fuels contain large fractions of n-alkanes, cycloalkanes (naphtenes), and aromatics. In that contest, a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) was used to study the kinetics of oxidation of a 100% SPK and a 50/50 SPK/Jet A-1mixture over a broad range of experimental conditions (10 atm, 560 to 1030K, equivalence ratios of 0.5 to 2, 1000 ppm of fuel). The temperature was varied step-wise, keeping the mean residence time in the JSR constant and equal to 1s. Three combustion regimes were observed over this temperature range: the cool-flame oxidation regime (560–740K), the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) regime (660–740K), and the high-temperature oxidation regime (>740K). More than 15 species were identified and measured by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (CG/MS), flame ionization detection (FID), and thermal conductivity detection (TCD). The results consisting of concentration profiles of reactants, stable intermediates and products as a function of temperature showed similar kinetics of oxidation for the fuels considered, although the 100% SPK was more reactive. A surrogate detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism was used to model these experiments and ignition experiments taken from the literature. The kinetic modeling showed reasonable agreement between the data and the computations whereas model improvements could be achieved using more appropriate surrogate model fuels. Kinetic computations involving reaction paths analyses and sensitivity analyses were used to interpret the results.

Ignition Characteristics of a Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Jet Fuel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gokulakrishnan ◽  
M. S. Klassen ◽  
R. J. Roby
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Kinetic Mechanism ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Ignition Delay Times ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Ignition Characteristics

Ignition delay times of a “real” synthetic jet fuel (S8) were measured using an atmospheric pressure flow reactor facility. Experiments were performed between 900 K and 1200 K at equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 1.5. Ignition delay time measurements were also performed with JP8 fuel for comparison. Liquid fuel was prevaporized to gaseous form in a preheated nitrogen environment before mixing with air in the premixing section, located at the entrance to the test section of the flow reactor. The experimental data show shorter ignition delay times for S8 fuel than for JP8 due to the absence of aromatic components in S8 fuel. However, the ignition delay time measurements indicate higher overall activation energy for S8 fuel than for JP8. A detailed surrogate kinetic model for S8 was developed by validating against the ignition delay times obtained in the present work. The chemical composition of S8 used in the experiments consisted of 99.7 vol% paraffins of which approximately 80 vol% was iso-paraffins and 20% n-paraffins. The detailed kinetic mechanism developed in the current work included n-decane and iso-octane as the surrogate components to model ignition characteristics of synthetic jet fuels. The detailed surrogate kinetic model has approximately 700 species and 2000 reactions. This kinetic mechanism represents a five-component surrogate mixture to model generic kerosene-type jets fuels, namely, n-decane (for n-paraffins), iso-octane (for iso-paraffins), n-propylcyclohexane (for naphthenes), n-propylbenzene (for aromatics) and decene (for olefins). The sensitivity of iso-paraffins on jet fuel ignition delay times was investigated using the detailed kinetic model. The amount of iso-paraffins present in the jet fuel has little effect on the ignition delay times in the high temperature oxidation regime. However, the presence of iso-paraffins in synthetic jet fuels can increase the ignition delay times by two orders of magnitude in the negative temperature (NTC) region between 700 K and 900 K, typical gas turbine conditions. This feature can have a favorable impact on preventing flashback caused by the premature autoignition of liquid fuels in lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) combustion systems.

scholarly journals Energy System Modelling Challenges for Synthetic Fuels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokyoung Kim ◽  
Paul E. Dodds ◽  
Isabela Butnar
Keyword(s):  
Energy System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Negative Emissions

Long-distance air travel requires fuel with a high specific energy and a high energy density. There are no viable alternatives to carbon-based fuels. Synthetic jet fuel from the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process, employing sustainable feedstocks, is a potential low-carbon alternative. A number of synthetic fuel production routes have been developed, using a range of feedstocks including biomass, waste, hydrogen and captured CO2. We review three energy system models and find that many of these production routes are not represented. We examine the market share of synthetic fuels in each model in a scenario in which the Paris Agreement target is achieved. In 2050, it is cheaper to use conventional jet fuel coupled with a negative emissions technology than to produce sustainable synthetic fuels in the TIAM-UCL and UK TIMES models. However, the JRC-EU-TIMES model, which represents the most production routes, finds a substantial role for synthetic jet fuels, partly because underground CO2 storage is assumed limited. These scenarios demonstrate a strong link between synthetic fuels, carbon capture and storage, and negative emissions. Future model improvements include better representing blending limits for synthetic jet fuels to meet international fuel standards, reducing the costs of synthetic fuels, and ensuring production routes are sustainable.

Kinetics of Jet Fuel Combustion Over Extended Conditions: Experimental and Modeling

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Dagaut
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Kinetic Reaction ◽  
Stirred Reactor ◽  
Model Fuel ◽  
On Line ◽  
Kinetics Of

The oxidation of kerosene (Jet-A1) has been studied experimentally in a jet-stirred reactor at 1 to 40atm and constant residence time, over the high temperature range 800-1300K, and for variable equivalence ratio 0.5<φ<2. Concentration profiles of reactants, stable intermediates, and final products have been obtained by probe sampling followed by on-line and off-line GC analyses. The oxidation of kerosene in these conditions was modeled using a detailed kinetic reaction mechanism (209 species and 1673 reactions, most of them reversible). In the kinetic modeling, kerosene was represented by four surrogate model fuels: 100% n-decane, n-decane-n-propylbenzene (74%∕26%mole), n-decane-n-propylcyclohexane (74%∕26%mole), and n-decane-n-propylbenzene-n-propylcyclohexane (74%∕15%∕11%mole). The three-component model fuel was the most appropriate for simulating the JSR experiments. It was also successfully used to simulate the structure of a fuel-rich premixed kerosene-oxygen-nitrogen flame and ignition delays taken from the literature.

scholarly journals Combustion of Synthetic Jet Fuel: Chemical Kinetic Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Wagner ◽  
Paul E. Yelvington ◽  
Jianghuai Cai ◽  
William H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Synthetic Jet

Thermal Characteristics of Synthetic Jet Fuels in a Meso-Scale Heat Recirculating Combustor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Wierzbicki ◽  
Ivan C. Lee ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Meso Scale

A meso-scale heat recirculating combustor was used to examine the combustion characteristics of two specific synthetic fuels. One of the fuels was made via a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T fuel) process, while the other was produced from tallow (bio-jet fuel). The two fuels were burned in the meso-scale combustor using pure oxygen in a non-premixed injection configuration. The extinction behavior at the fuel-rich and fuel-lean combustion conditions has been investigated for each fuel. The results showed that although the two fuels showed some similarities, the F-T fuel exhibited stable, non-sooting combustion behavior at higher equivalence ratios than the bio-jet fuel. The lean stability limit for the bio-jet fuel was found to be lower (lower equivalence ratio) than that of the F-T fuel. The results were compared with conventional JP-8 jet fuel to provide a comparative analysis of combustion characteristics using the same combustor. A fuel characterization analysis was performed for each fuel, and their respective thermal efficiencies calculated. The F-T and bio-jet fuels both reached a maximum thermal efficiency of about 95% near their respective rich extinction limits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document