Global Balance of Plant in NPPs Using Process Data Reconciliation According to VDI 2048

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Langenstein ◽  
Bernd Laipple
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Data Reconciliation ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Plant Process

The large quantities of measurement information gathered throughout a plant process make the closing of the mass and energy balance nearly impossible without the help of additional tools. For this reason, a variety of plant monitoring tools for closing plant balances was developed. A major problem with the current tools lies in the non-consideration of redundant measurements which are available throughout the entire plant process. The online monitoring reconciliation system is based on the process data reconciliation according to VDI 2048 standard and is using all redundant measurements within the process to close mass and energy balances. As a result, the most realistic process with the lowest uncertainty can be monitored. This system is installed in more than 35 NPPs worldwide and is used ○ as a basis for correction of feed water mass flow and feed water temperature measurements (recover of lost Megawatts). ○ as a basis for correction of Taverage (Tav) (recover of steam generator outlet pressure in PWRs). ○ for maintaining the thermal core power and the feed water mass flow under continuous operation conditions. ○ for automatic detection of erroneous measurements and measurement drift. ○ for detection of inner leakages, non-condensable gases and system losses. ○ for calculating non measured values (e.g. heat transfer coefficients, ΔT, preheater loads,…). ○ as a monitoring system for the main thermodynamic process. ○ for verifying warranty tests more accurate. ○ as a application of condition-based maintenance and component monitoring. ○ for What-if scenarios (simulation, not PDR) This paper describes the methodology according to VDI 2048 (use of Gaussian correction principle and quality criterias). The benefits gained from the use of the online monitoring system are demonstrated.

Global Balance of Plant Using Process Data Reconciliation According to VDI2048

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Langenstein ◽  
Bernd Laipple
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Data Reconciliation ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Plant Monitoring ◽  
Day To Day Operations ◽  
Plant Process

The large quantities of measurement information gathered throughout a plant process make the closing of the plant balance nearly impossible without the help of additional tools. For this reason, a variety of plant monitoring tools for closing plant balances have been developed. A major problem with the current tools lies in the non-consideration of redundant process information which is available throughout the plant. The monitoring system ProcessPlus™ is based on the process data reconciliation program VALI 4, which is certified according to the VDI 2048 standard and is using all redundant pieces of information within the process. Plausibility checks and structured quality control serve as the foundation for the system. Among other components, a procedural process image, significant diagnosis and monitoring tools have been developed and now offer a fast and economically ideal support for process optimization. This paper describes the methodology according to VDI 2048 and the benefits gained from the use of an online plant monitoring system by means of examples from day-to-day operations.

Finding Megawatts in Nuclear Power Plants With Process Data Reconciliation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Langenstein ◽  
Josef Jansky ◽  
Bernd Laipple ◽  
Horst Eitschberger ◽  
Eberhard Grauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Reactor Power ◽  
Data Reconciliation ◽  
Thermal Reactor ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Process Data

Process data reconciliation with VALI III is a method for monitoring and optimising industrial processes as well as for component diagnosis, condition-based maintenance and online calibration of instrumentation. Employing process data reconciliation in nuclear power plants enables thermal reactor power to be determined with an uncertainty of less than ± 0.5%, without having to install additional precision instrumentation to measure as for example the final feed-water mass flow. This is equivalent to a measurement uncertainty recapture power uprate potential of about 1.5% (maximum allowed potential is 2.0%). In addition, process data reconciliation is able to detect any drift in the measured values at an early stage, yet allowing for the reconciled variables (such as thermal reactor power) to be calculated with consistently high precision. Without process data reconciliation • drift in measured values and • systematic errors for the feed-water temperature or the feed-water mass flow could remain undetected. With such measurements the thermal reactor power calculation may incorporate an unacceptably large deviation, which has a negative impact on both, safety and economical aspects. This paper describes, how process data reconciliation works and shows examples of the finding and gain of more than 30 MW electrical power in PWR and BWR units in Germany and Switzerland.

Financial Benefits of Process Data Reconciliation in Power Generating Plants

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Jansky
Keyword(s):  
Peak Load ◽  
Data Reconciliation ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Process Measurement ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Output Time ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties ◽  
Plant Process

Process Data Reconciliation (PDR) is a certified method that calculates the most likely values considering process measurement uncertainties and closing all energy- and material balances where all interdependencies within the entire plant process are fulfilled in a covariance matrix. There are three main factors that generate the financial benefits for the user of reconciled data, depending on the type of plant and base/peak load behaviour: • Increased efficiency / maximized output; • Time advantage in retrieving “lost” megawatts; • Reduction of maintenance costs.

Full State Feedback Control of Steam Temperature in a Once-Through Direct Steam Generation Receiver Powered by a Paraboloidal Dish

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José I. Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
State Feedback ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Full State ◽  
Direct Steam ◽  
Full State Feedback ◽  
National University

Once-through direct steam generation (DSG) plants convert water into superheated steam suitable for a steam turbine with a single pass of the fluid through the receiver. The control problem in such a plant is to set a feed-water mass flow that maintains a desired steam condition (e.g., temperature) while rejecting the disturbance effect of variable direct normal irradiance (DNI). A mass flow control strategy preserves the simplicity of the plant, but is challenging to implement from a control perspective, as the disturbance effect is nonlinear and difficult to measure, due to the complex physical nature of two-phase flow and the receiver geometry. A model of the receiver behavior can be incorporated into the controller design in the form of a state observer, to estimate the internal behavior of the receiver during operation. This paper presents the design, testing an experimental implementation of full state linear feedback controller for the steam temperature for a once-through DSG system. The system consists of a 500 m2 paraboloidal dish concentrator and a monotube cavity receiver at the Australian National University. The controller manipulates the feed-water mass flow at the receiver inlet to maintain a predetermined specific enthalpy at the receiver outlet, compensating for variations in DNI and other ambient conditions. The controller features three separate regulation mechanisms: a feedforward (FF) law to anticipate changes in DNI; a full state feedback (FSF) loop with a state observer for the receiver; and an additional integrator loop for robustness. Experiments on the Australian National University (ANU) system show that the linear controller maintains steam temperatures to within 3% of a set reference of 500 °C during clear sky conditions, subject to adequate controller tuning. These results show that it is possible to control the ANU system with an FSF loop and state estimator, opening the possibility to test more advanced state based controllers.

scholarly journals Solar Air-Heated Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulghani Ramadan ◽  
Khairi Muftah ◽  
Abdulfattah Al-Kelani ◽  
Ali Abdulmalek ◽  
Akram Essnid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Solar Air Heater ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate

A solar powered desalination unit which working on a humidification –dehumidification technique (HDH) is one of the most important techniques used in brackish and seawater desalination especially in remote and rural areas. In the present study, a test-rig was designed and constructed for conducting a set of experiments on a solar assisted desalination unit working on a HDH principle under the prevailing conditions of Tajoura-Libya. Experiments were carried out on specified days in March, 2019 at the laboratories of Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS) at Tajoura. The effect of different design parameters and operating conditions on the performance of the unit and its productivity is closely investigated and interpreted. Results show that the productivity of the HDH unit decreases by increasing the process air mass flow rate. A significant improvement in the productivity of the unit is noticed when the feed water mass flow rate to the humidifier is increased. Furthermore, initial water temperature inside the tank has a remarked effect on the productivity of the unit. In order to obtain a reasonable amount of fresh water, the temperature of the water inside the tank should be increased. Increasing the cooling water mass flow rate to the dehumidifier leads to a corresponding decrease in the surface temperature of the cooling coil and hence the productivity of the unit is improved. The Productivity of the unit is varying from its lower value of (0.903 kg/m2.day) to a higher value of (6.47 kg/m2.day). These values are obtained for one meter square of solar air heater area. Gained Output Ratio (GOR) values range from a minimum of (0.082) to a maximum of (0.572). It is reasonable when compared to ones in literature for the water-heated HDH units.

Full State Feedback Control of Steam Temperature in a Once-Through Direct Steam Generation Receiver Powered by a Paraboloidal Dish

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
José I. Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
State Feedback ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Linear Controller ◽  
Full State ◽  
Direct Steam ◽  
Full State Feedback

DSG plants in a once-through configuration convert water into superheated steam suitable for a steam turbine, with a single pass of the fluid through the receiver. The control problem is to manipulate the feed-water mass flow to maintain a desired steam condition (e.g. temperature) under variable solar radiation. This paper presents a full state linear feedback controller for the steam temperature for a once-through direct steam generation system, featuring a 500 m2 paraboloidal dish concentrator and a mono-tube cavity receiver at the Australian National University. The controller manipulates the feed-water mass flow at the receiver inlet to maintain a predetermined specific enthalpy at the receiver outlet, compensating for variations in direct normal irradiation (DNI) and other ambient conditions. The linear controller features three separate regulation mechanisms: a feedforward law to anticipate changes in DNI; a full state feedback loop that uses a state observer for the receiver and an additional output feedback integrator loop for robustness. Experimental results show that the linear controller can successfully control the temperature of the SG4 receiver, provided that it is adequately tuned.

scholarly journals Off-Design Dynamic Performance Analysis of a Solar Aided Coal-Fired Power Plant

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2950
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Liqiang Duan
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Performance Analysis

Coal consumption and CO2 emissions are the major concerns of the 21st century. Solar aided (coal-fired) power generation (SAPG) is paid more and more attention globally, due to the lesser coal rate and initial cost than the original coal-fired power plant and CSP technology respectively. In this paper, the off-design dynamic performance simulation model of a solar aided coal-fired power plant is established. A 330 MW subcritical coal-fired power plant is taken as a case study. On a typical day, three various collector area solar fields are integrated into the coal-fired power plant. By introducing the solar heat, the variations of system performances are analyzed at design load, 75% load, and 50% load. Analyzed parameters with the change of DNI include the thermal oil mass flow rate, the mass flow rate of feed water heated by the solar energy, steam extraction mass flow rate, coal consumption, and the plant thermal efficiency. The research results show that, as DNI increases over a day, the coal saving rate will also increase, the maximum coal saving rate reaches up to 5%, and plant thermal efficiency reaches 40%. It is analyzed that the SAPG system gives the best performance at a lower load and a large aperture area.

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