scholarly journals Solar Air-Heated Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulghani Ramadan ◽  
Khairi Muftah ◽  
Abdulfattah Al-Kelani ◽  
Ali Abdulmalek ◽  
Akram Essnid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Solar Air Heater ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate

A solar powered desalination unit which working on a humidification –dehumidification technique (HDH) is one of the most important techniques used in brackish and seawater desalination especially in remote and rural areas. In the present study, a test-rig was designed and constructed for conducting a set of experiments on a solar assisted desalination unit working on a HDH principle under the prevailing conditions of Tajoura-Libya. Experiments were carried out on specified days in March, 2019 at the laboratories of Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS) at Tajoura. The effect of different design parameters and operating conditions on the performance of the unit and its productivity is closely investigated and interpreted. Results show that the productivity of the HDH unit decreases by increasing the process air mass flow rate. A significant improvement in the productivity of the unit is noticed when the feed water mass flow rate to the humidifier is increased. Furthermore, initial water temperature inside the tank has a remarked effect on the productivity of the unit. In order to obtain a reasonable amount of fresh water, the temperature of the water inside the tank should be increased. Increasing the cooling water mass flow rate to the dehumidifier leads to a corresponding decrease in the surface temperature of the cooling coil and hence the productivity of the unit is improved. The Productivity of the unit is varying from its lower value of (0.903 kg/m2.day) to a higher value of (6.47 kg/m2.day). These values are obtained for one meter square of solar air heater area. Gained Output Ratio (GOR) values range from a minimum of (0.082) to a maximum of (0.572). It is reasonable when compared to ones in literature for the water-heated HDH units.

scholarly journals Operating characteristics of transcritical CO2 heat pump for simultaneous water cooling and heating

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahar Sarkar ◽  
Souvik Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate

Abstract The effects of water-side operating conditions (mass flow rates and inlet temperatures) of both evaporator and gas cooler on the experimental as well as simulated performances (cooling and heating capacities, system coefficient of performance (COP) and water outlet temperatures) of the transcritical CO2 heat pump for simultaneous water cooling and heating the are studied and revised. Study shows that both the water mass flow rate and inlet temperature have significant effect on the system performances. Test results show that the effect of evaporator water mass flow rate on the system performances and water outlet temperatures is more pronounced (COP increases by 0.6 for 1 kg/min) compared to that of gas cooler water mass flow rate (COP increases by 0.4 for 1 kg/min) and the effect of gas cooler water inlet temperature is more significant (COP decreases by 0.48 for given range) compared to that of evaporator water inlet temperature (COP increases by 0.43 for given range). Comparisons of experimental values with simulated results show the maximum deviation of 5% for cooling capacity, 10% for heating capacity and 16% for system COP.

Experimental Investigation of a Pilot Compression Chiller With Alternatives Refrigerants R401a and R134a

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fatouh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Chilled Water ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate

This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation on a pilot compression chiller (4 kW cooling capacity) working with R401a and R134a as R12 alternatives. Experiments are conducted on a single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system using water as a secondary working fluid through both evaporator and condenser. Influences of cooling water mass flow rate (170–1900 kg/h), cooling water inlet temperature (27–43°C) and chilled water mass flow rate (240–1150 kg/h) on performance characteristics of chillers are evaluated for R401a, R134a and R12. Increasing cooling water mass flow rate or decreasing its inlet temperature causes the operating pressures and electric input power to reduce while the cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) to increase. Pressure ratio is inversely proportional while actual loads and COP are directly proportional to chilled water mass flow rate. The effect of cooling water inlet temperature, on the system performance, is more significant than the effects of cooling and chilled water mass flow rates. Comparison between R12, R134a and R401a under identical operating conditions revealed that R401a can be used as a drop-in refrigerant to replace R12 in water-cooled chillers.

Selecting the cooling water mass flow rate for a power plant under variable load with entropy generation rate minimization

Energy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Laskowski ◽  
Adam Smyk ◽  
Janusz Lewandowski ◽  
Artur Rusowicz ◽  
Andrzej Grzebielec
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Entropy Generation Rate ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate

Mixing of Dry Air With Water-Liquid Flowing Through an Inverted U-Tube for Power Plant Condenser Applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Yousef ◽  
Ahmed Hegazy ◽  
Abraham Engeda
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate

Abstract This paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation for dry air/water-liquid and two-phase flow mixing in a vertical inverted U-tube using the mixture multiphase and turbulence models. This study is to investigate the flow behaviors and underlying some physical mechanisms encountered in dry air/water-liquid flow in the inverted U-tube. Water flows through the inverted U-tube while the dry air is entrained using the side-tube installed after the water flow downward. The inverted U-tube is tested at water mass flow rates of 2,4,6 and 8 kg/s, air mass flow rates, 0.000614–0.02292 kg/s, with dry air volume fractions 0.2–0.9. The obtained results are compared with the experimental data for model validation and the present CFD model is able to give an acceptable agreement. Also, the results show that, at water mass flow rate of 2 kg/s, there are vortices and turbulent intensity disturbances are noticed at the inverted U-tube higher part, which refers to an air entrainment occurrence from the side-tube. Theses disturbances starts to be stabilized at air mass flow rate around 0.00736 kg/s and air volume fraction, αa = 0.75. This means, if the air mass flow rate increases above this limit, the air entrainment may be blocked. On the other side, at water mass flow rate of 4 kg/s, there are little noticed disturbances until air mass flow rate of 0.00368 kg/s and αa = 0.43 and thereafter stabilized. After this point for water mass flow rate of 4 kg/s, increasing air mass flow rate may block the water flow and the whole inverted U-tube system possible stop flowing. Therefore, this study is able to estimate the required operational conditions and mass ratios for stable air entrainment process. Beyond these operational conditions, air entrainment may be blocked and the whole system discontinues its normal induced gravitational flow. In addition, this study proves that the inverted U-tube is able to generate a vacuum pressure up to 53.382 kPa based on the present geometrical configuration. This generated low-pressure by the inverted U-tube can be used for engineering applications which are working under vacuum and need continuous evacuating form the dry air and non-condensable gases. Furthermore, these findings motivate the utilizing of inverted U-tube for the air evacuation purposes for less power consuming in power plants.

Evaluation of Axial Compressor Characteristics Under Overspray Condition

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Myoren ◽  
Yasuo Takahashi ◽  
Manabu Yagi ◽  
Takanori Shibata ◽  
Tadaharu Kishibe
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate

An axial compressor was developed for an industrial gas turbine equipped with a water atomization cooling (WAC) system, which is a kind of inlet fogging technique with overspray. The compressor performance was evaluated using a 40MW-class test facility for the advanced humid air turbine system. A prediction method to estimate the effect of WAC was developed for the design of the compressor. The method was based on a streamline curvature (SLC) method implementing a droplet evaporation model. Four test runs with WAC have been conducted since February 2012. The maximum water mass flow rate was 1.2% of the inlet mass flow rate at the 4th test run, while the design value was 2.0%. The results showed that the WAC decreased the inlet and outlet temperatures compared with the DRY (no fogging) case. These decreases changed the matching point of the gas turbine, and increased the mass flow rate and the pressure ratio by 1.8% and 1.1%, respectively. Since prediction results agreed with the results of the test run qualitatively, the compressor performance improvement by WAC was confirmed both experimentally and analytically. The test run with the design water mass flow rate is going to be conducted in the near future.

scholarly journals Harvesting Cooling Effect on LPG-Fueled Vehicles for Mini Cooler: A Lab-Scale Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Muji Setiyo ◽  
Noto Widodo ◽  
Bagiyo Condro Purnomo ◽  
Suroto Munahar ◽  
Muhammad Andi Rahmawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Heat Absorption ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate

This article presents an investigation of the actual cooling effect on a lab-scale prototype of LPG-fueled vehicles. The cooling effect is obtained from heat absorption by LPG on the vaporizer. Water with a mass flow rate of 1, 2 and 3 lpm is flowed from the cooling box to the LPG evaporator and flow back to the cooling box. The car used in this study has a capacity of 1500 cc that rotates 1000, 1500, and 2000 rpm. The results showed that there was a relationship between cooling power with the increase in engine speed and mass flow rate of water that crosses the evaporator. The biggest cooling power is 378 Watts at 1000 rpm with a water mass flow rate of 3 lpm.

scholarly journals Effects of Louvered Parameters on Exergetic Performance of Louvered Finned Solar Air Heater

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1649-1658
Author(s):  
Subhash Chand ◽  
Prabha Chand
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Solar Air Heater ◽  
Air Heater ◽  
Pitch Ratio ◽  
Exergy Performance

The aim of the present study to improve the performance of solar air heater because of low thermo-physical properties of air. In the current work, an attempt has been made to improve the performance of the heater by employing louvered fins to the absorber plate, as it not only enhances heat transfer coefficient but also improve heat transfer area. The effect of exergy performance on the geometrical parameters of louvered fin i.e., louvered angle, louvered pitch and louvered length has been studied and analyzed. The results are compared to plane solar air heater (PSAH) to evaluate the effectiveness of louvered finned solar air heater (LFSAH). The exergy efficiency of LFSAH is comparatively higher for all the operating conditions except for higher mass flow rate where it may even go below that of PSAH; possibly due to the higher pressure drop and more loss of exergy at high mass flow rate. In addition, the results conclude that for louvered parameters viz., louvered angle 20°, fin pitch to louvered pitch ratio 0.75 and louvered length to louvered pitch ratio 1.25, high exergy performance of SAH is obtained as compared to other louvered parameter values.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW LIMITATION FOR AIR-WATER IN A PWR HOT LEG EXPERIMENTAL LOOP FOR DIFFERENT GEOMETRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-212
Author(s):  
Youssef Morghi ◽  
Jesus Puente ◽  
Amir Mesquita ◽  
Ana Baliza
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Countercurrent Flow ◽  
Flow Limitation ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Limiting Condition

Gas/liquid two-phase stratified flows in horizontal channels are frequently encountered in nuclear reactors, oil and gas pipelines, steam generators, refrigeration equipment, reflux condensers, packed columns, and heat pipes. The phenomenon known as countercurrent flow limitation, or flooding, is the limiting condition where the flow rates of neither the gas nor the liquid can be further increased without changing the flow pattern. This is the condition where the maximum air mass flow rate at which the down-flowing water mass flow rate is equal to the inlet water mass flow rate. This limiting condition, also known as onset of flooding, can occur in vertical or horizontal geometry. This work is a review of recent experimental investigations of countercurrent flow limitation (CCFL) for various hot-leg geometries of pressurized water reactors (PWRs). We compare results with those obtained from the Nuclear Technology Development Centre (CDTN) in 2005. Recent experimental results in the literature are in good agreement with the 2005 findings.

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