Research on Simulation Technology for Supervisory Control Software in NPP DCS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjun Gao ◽  
Ming Qu ◽  
CaiKe Zhang ◽  
Kui Xu ◽  
PeiBang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Configuration Software ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Operator Training ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Level I ◽  
License Examination ◽  
High Degree

The DCS simulator is a crucial component of FSS which is used for operator training and license examination. It is always divided into process control level (short for Level I) and supervisory control level (short for Level II). Among these, the Level II directly faces to operators and engineers. Therefore it requires a high degree of fidelity, reliability and good user experience. Be aimed at the requirement of the Level II, a high-fidelity simulation system based on MVC mode is constructed. And multiple technologies of self-dependent innovation and custom-built software are designed and developed, such as the data middleware, the configuration software, and the SimBase et al. The successful application in the HAINAN’s NPP proves that the DCS Level II’s simulator has a high fidelity, reliability, and accumulates valuable experiences for the development of our own DCS Level II as well.

Effects of expiratory resistive loading on the sensation of dyspnea

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Chonan ◽  
M. D. Altose ◽  
N. S. Cherniack
Keyword(s):  
Control Level ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Loading Level ◽  
Control Frequency ◽  
Linear Resistance ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Inspiratory Motor ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Level I

To determine whether an increase in expiratory motor output accentuates the sensation of dyspnea (difficulty in breathing), the following experiments were undertaken. Ten normal subjects, in a series of 2-min trials, breathed freely (level I) or maintained a target tidal volume equal to (level II) or twice the control (level III) at a breathing frequency of 15/min (similar to the control frequency) with an inspiratory load, an expiratory load, and without loads under hyperoxic normocapnia. In tests at levels II and III, end-expiratory lung volume was maintained at functional residual capacity. A linear resistance of 25 cmH2O.1(-1).s was used for both inspiratory and expiratory loading; peak mouth pressure (Pm) was measured, and the intensity of dyspnea (psi) was assessed with a visual analog scale. The sensation of dyspnea increased significantly with the magnitude of expiratory Pm during expiratory loading (level II: Pm = 9.4 +/- 1.5 (SE) cmH2O, psi = 1.26 +/- 0.35; level III: Pm = 20.3 +/- 2.8 cmH2O, psi = 2.22 +/- 0.48) and with inspiratory Pm during inspiratory loading (level II: Pm = 9.7 +/- 1.2 cmH2O, psi = 1.35 +/- 0.38; level III: Pm = 23.9 +/- 3.0 cmH2O, psi = 2.69 +/- 0.60). However, at each level of breathing, neither the intensity of dyspnea nor the magnitude of peak Pm during loading was different between inspiratory and expiratory loading. The augmentation of dyspnea during expiratory loading was not explained simply by increases in inspiratory activity. The results indicate that heightened expiratory as well as inspiratory motor output causes comparable increases in the sensation of difficulty in breathing.

scholarly journals Os artefactos líticos talhados do litoral de Vila Nova de Gaia: caracterização genérica, contextualização geoarqueológica, problemas e perspectivas

2016 ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Monteiro-Rodrigues ◽  
Alberto Gomes ◽  
João Pedro Cunha-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
De Se ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Level I ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Last Glacial

O litoral de Vila Nova de Gaia, a sul da cidade do Porto, constitui um trecho geoarqueológico ímpar para o estudo da ocupação quaternária da fachada ocidental da Ibéria. Neste trabalho apresentam-se algumas características tecno-tipológicas das indústrias líticas do litoral de Vila Nova de Gaia e avançam-se hipóteses sobre os respetivos contextos cronoestratigráficos, litoestratigrágicos e geoarqueológicos. De acordo com observações mais ou menos pontuais realizadas durante as últimas três décadas sugere-se que:a) A indústria lítica mais antiga parece associar-se ao nível marinho I (20-30 m a.n.m.a.m.), podendo ter sido posteriormente remobilizada na sequência de processos coluvionares. A presença de bifaces e de machados de mão entre os artefactos identificados remete-a para o Acheulense;b) A ocorrência de bifaces muito boleados em depósitos coluvionares que recobrem o nível marinho II (10-20 m a.n.m.a.m.), sugere que o seu contexto primário terá sido o referido depósito marinho;c) na base do depósito do nível marinho III da Praia da Aguda ocorrem artefactos líticos enquadráveis no Acheulense (presença de bifaces e de machados de mão);d) nas coluviões sobre os níveis marinhos I e II existem artefactos muito eolizados – aparentemente posteriores às formações marinhas e anteriores à génese das coluviões – e artefactos sem qualquer alteração física – possivelmente coevos dos processos de coluvionamento. Aspetos técnicos e tipológicos observados nestes dois conjuntos artefactuais permitem avançar a hipótese de se relacionarem, respetivamente, com o último período glaciar (idade mínima) e com o Holocénico. The carved lithic artefacts from the littoral of Vila Nova de Gaia: generic characterization, geoarchaeological contextualization, problems and perspectives - The coast of Vila Nova de Gaia, south of the city of Porto, constitutes a unique geoarchaeological stretch for the study of the quaternary occupation of the western facade of Iberia. This work presents some techno-typological characteristics of the lithic industries from Vila Nova de Gaia coastline and hypotheses concerning their chronostratigraphic context are presented. According to general observations carried out during the last three decades it is suggested that:a) The earliest lithic industry seems to be associated with marine level I (20-30 a.s.l.); however, it may have been subsequently remobilized by colluvial processes. The presence of handaxes and cleavers among the artefacts connect this assemblage with the Acheulean;b) The presence of rolled handaxes in colluvial deposits overlying marine level II (10-20 m a.s.l.) suggests that their primary context may have been the mentioned marine level;c) At the bottom of the marine level III deposit from Praia da Aguda (< 10 m a.s.l) there are lithics of Acheulean age (presence of handaxes and cleavers);d) In the colluvial deposits overlying marine levels I and II there are lithic artefacts with a very high degree of aeolisation – apparently younger than the marine formations and older than the colluvial processes – and artefacts with no patina – possibly synchronous of the colluvia. Technical and typological features observed in these two sets suggest that the first one may date from the last glacial period (minimum age) and the second one from the Holocene.

CLINICAL FEATURES, INDICATIONS AND RESULT OF TRACHEOTOMY

2017 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Duc Luu Ngo ◽  
Tu The Nguyen ◽  
Manh Hung Ho ◽  
Thanh Thai Le
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Tube Obstruction ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Level I

Background: This study aims to survey some clinical features, indications and results of tracheotomy at Hue Central Hospital and Hue University Hospital. Patients and method: Studying on 77 patients who underwent tracheotomy at all of departments and designed as an prospective, descriptive and interventional study. Results: Male-female ratio was 4/1. Mean age was 49 years. Career: farmer 44.2%, worker 27.2%, officials 14.3%, student 7.8%, other jobs 6.5%. Respiratory condition before tracheotomy: underwent intubation 62.3%, didn’t undergo intubation 37.7%. Period of stay of endotracheal tube: 1-5 days 29.2%, 6-14 days 52.1%, >14 days 18.7%. Levels of dyspnea before tracheotomy: level I 41.4%, level II 48.3%, level III 0%, 10.3% of cases didn’t have dyspnea. Twenty cases (26%) were performed as an emergency while fifty seven (74%) as elective produces. Classic indications (37.7%) and modern indications (62.3%). On the bases of the site, we divided tracheostomy into three groups: high (0%), mid (25.3%) and low (74.7%). During follow-up, 44 complications occurred in 29 patients (37.7%). Tracheobronchitis 14.3%, tube obstruction 13%, subcutaneous empysema 10.4%, hemorrhage 5%, diffcult decannulation 5.2%, tube displacement 3.9%, canule watery past 2.6%, wound infection 1.3%. The final result after tracheotomy 3 months: there are 33 patients (42.9%) were successfully decannulated. In the 33 patients who were successfully decannulated: the duration of tracheotomy ranged from 1 day to 90 days, beautiful scar (51.5%), medium scar (36.4%), bad scar (12.1%). Conclusions: In tracheotomy male were more than female, adult were more than children. The main indication was morden indication. Tracheobronchitis and tube obstruction were more common than other complications. Key words: Tracheotomy

scholarly journals Secondary prevention medication persistence and prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack

2021 ◽  
pp. svn-2020-000471
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Junfeng Shi ◽  
Yuesong Pan ◽  
Zixiao Li ◽  
Hongyi Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Transient Ischaemic Attack ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Medication Persistence ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Composite Events ◽  
Ischaemic Attack ◽  
Level I

IntroductionThe risk of disability and mortality is high among recurrent stroke, which highlights the importance of secondary prevention measures. We aim to evaluate medication persistence for secondary prevention and the prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in China.MethodsPatients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA from the China National Stroke Registry II were divided into 3 groups based on the percentage of persistence in secondary prevention medication classes from discharge to 3 months after onset (level I: persistence=0%, level II: 0%<persistence<100%, level III: persistence=100%). The primary outcome was recurrent stroke. The secondary outcomes included composite events (stroke, myocardial infarction or death from cardiovascular cause), all-cause death and disability (modified Rankin Scale score=3–5) from 3 months to 1 year after onset. Recurrent stroke, composite events and all-cause death were performed using Cox regression model, and disability was identified through logistic regression model using the generalised estimating equation method.Results18 344 patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA were included, 315 (1.7%) of whom experienced recurrent strokes. Compared with level I, the adjusted HR of recurrent stroke for level II was 0.41 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.54) and level III 0.37 (0.28 to 0.48); composite events for level II 0.41 (0.32 to 0.53) and level III 0.38 (0.30 to 0.49); all-cause death for level II 0.28 (0.23 to 0.35) and level III 0.20 (0.16–0.24). Compared with level I, the adjusted OR of disability for level II was 0.89 (0.77 to 1.03) and level III 0.82 (0.72 to 0.93).ConclusionsPersistence in secondary prevention medications, especially in all classes of medications prescribed by the physician, was associated with lower hazard of recurrent stroke, composite events, all-cause death and lower odds of disability in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA.

Source depth estimation using multi-station waveform data

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1623-1643
Author(s):  
Falguni Roy
Keyword(s):  
Depth Estimation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Source Depth ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Level I

Abstract A depth estimation procedure has been described which essentially attempts to identify depth phases by analyzing multi-station waveform data (hereafter called level II data) in various ways including deconvolution, prediction error filtering, and spectral analysis of the signals. In the absence of such observable phases, other methods based on S-P, ScS-P, and SKS-P travel times are tried to get an estimate of the source depth. The procedure was applied to waveform data collected from 31 globally distributed stations for the period between 1 and 15 October 1980. The digital data were analyzed at the temporary data center facilities of the National Defense Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. During this period, a total number of 162 events in the magnitude range 3.5 to 6.2 were defined by analyzing first arrival time data (hereafter called level I data) alone. For 120 of these events, it was possible to estimate depths using the present procedure. The applicability of the procedure was found to be 100 per cent for the events with mb &gt; 4.8 and 88 per cent for the events with mb &gt; 4. A comparison of level I depths and level II depths (the depths as obtained from level I and level II data, respectively) with that of the United States Geological Survey estimates indicated that it will be necessary to have at least one local station (Δ &lt; 10°) among the level I data to obtain reasonable depth estimates from such data alone. Further, it has been shown that S wave travel times could be successfully utilized for the estimation of source depth.

scholarly journals Factors associated with interhospital transfer of children with respiratory failure from level II to level I pediatric intensive care units

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1080-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folafoluwa O. Odetola ◽  
Sarah J. Clark ◽  
James G. Gurney ◽  
Janet E. Donohue ◽  
Achamyeleh Gebremariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Units ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Interhospital Transfer ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Level I

scholarly journals Computerized testing as efficient form of objective knowledge monitoring in studying of technical subjects

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Vitaly Kuznetsov ◽  
Galina Polekhina ◽  
Yulia Shaposhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Testing ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Academic Activity ◽  
Computer Testing ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Knowledge Monitoring ◽  
Level I ◽  
Problematic Situations

Introduction. Objective and regular students’ knowledge monitoring in technical subjects can be implemented by means of special tests allowing for the required mastering level of the matter and the reliable consolidation of the acquired knowledge. Various aspects of the application of tests in the academic activity were considered. Materials and methods. Tests used in practical studies should meet specific requirements, such as: validity, definiteness, simplicity, unambiguity, reliability. The identification of mastering levels makes it possible to “troubleshoot” and to improve the academic activity and the mastering degree of the competences by the students. Based on the assessment of the studying pattern of the forthcoming activity, one could point out four mastering levels of the subject matter. Level I tests include recognition, discrimination and classification. Level II tests monitor the mastering of the subject in the level of “reproduction” allowing for retrieval of information from the memory and its analysis, for routine assignment solutions. Level III tests impose special assignments challenging a student with quests for which no ready algorithms are catered, whereas the solutions found lead to obtaining of subjectively new information. Level IV tests reveal students’ capability to take decisions in new problematic situations, the solutions found, being a result of creative activity, are followed by obtaining of objectively new information. Results. To establish an efficient system of monitoring tests in a certain subject, a number of basic prerequisites is required, such as a data base, a sample group of with the required number of assignments, at least 30 and maximum 70, a time limit in accordance with the required labor intensity, assessment of the assignments and its criteria, the output of the results. Conclusions. If there is a required number of computers of at least one PC per two students, correctly arranged computer testing considerably reduces time demand of a monitoring event, increases the responsibility and the progress of the students, guarantees the objectiveness of the knowledge monitoring and helps to avoid conflicts.

Level I/Level II: Factors or categories?

1982 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Level Ii ◽  
Level I
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