Cost Optimization for Steam Turbine Control Upgrades

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard J. Weiss ◽  
Jerry A. Kopczynski
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
The Cost

The basic principles of generating electricity from steam have not changed during the last 100 years. Consequently, current steam turbine design is similar to the one introduced to the market by BBC, ALSTOM, ASEA or GE about a century ago. Of course modern blade and valve design dramatically improves heat rate; new materials increase effective longevity of the turbine. Similarly, the basic principles of how to control a turbine are the same as many years ago. However, equipment being used now to operate and control a turbine is quite different than that of the time when the first steam turbine was put into commercial operation. It is common knowledge that the control system is technically aging much faster than the turbine itself. Steam turbines achieve an average service life of 40 years. There are many steam turbines still operating with originally installed control systems. These aging control systems installed 20–30 years ago are becoming unreliable and costly to maintain. For most power plant owners/operators it has become a necessity to modernize their originally installed mechanical/hydraulic control systems. This is particulary important now, due to the very competitive, deregulated power production business. Control system upgrades together with improvement of the steam path components will result in efficient operation of the power plant for an extended number of years for a fraction of the cost necessary to build a new power generation station. Several control upgrade solutions and options are available at substantial cost saving, without compromising safety requirements, flexibility and reliability of the power plant. Step by step modular upgrades, utilizing the majority of pre-existing equipment, using proven standard software modules and inexpensive PLCs (programmable logic controllers), applying 2 out-of-three 3 analog signal acquisitions for 2 out of 3, or 1 out of 2 protection — these are some ways of reducing the cost of plant modernization. This paper will discuss and document particular cases where the cost optimization concept was successfully implemented with positive results in the following areas: • High availability and reliability achieved; • Safety and flexibility of operation improved; • Maintenance cost reduced.

Fast-Track Controls Retrofit for a Gas and Steam Turbine Propylene Compressor Drive

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Morton ◽  
Joseph M. Drobniak
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
First Year ◽  
System Specification ◽  
Field Instrumentation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Cost

This paper chronicles a control system retrofit for a 38,000 horsepower refrigeration compressor drive at Novacor’s Ethylene #1 Plant, Red Deer, Alberta, Canada (Fig. 1). The changes were designed to meet a 3-year continuous operation requirement. When the plant was constructed in the late 1970’s, annual turnarounds were considered normal operating procedure. The project replaced original electronic controls on a 23,500 horsepower G. E. Frame 5, Model R gas turbine and a 18,300 horsepower Elliott 2 NV starter/helper steam turbine. Both turbines are connected at opposite ends of a single compressor drive shaft (Fig. 2). Because of the cost associated with any control system malfunction, a programmable triple modular redundant controller was selected as the replacement. Among the modifications performed to enhance system reliability were wiring dual exhaust thermocouples directly into the system and triplicating critical field devices. Another important aspect of this upgrade was replacing deteriorating underground field instrumentation wiring with cabling in overhead cable trays. The original wiring was over stressed by “frost heaving,” causing several unplanned shutdowns. In April of 1991, the project team initiated a schedule to meet an early August delivery. System specification, checkout, and start-up, as well as its first year of performance are discussed.

COMPARISON OF OWNER AND CONTRACTOR PERSPECTIVES IN ESTABLISHING COST CONTROL STRUCTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruveyda Komurlu ◽  
Akin Er
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Control ◽  
Control Structure ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Project Control ◽  
The Cost

Cost control is a part of cost management which is carried out by the project owner and the contractor throughout a project. However, the structures of the control function developed by each party generally differ since the purpose of the function and the level of the structure are not exactly the same. Contractors have several advantages while building a cost control system such as more detailed information about the project, more background, more dedicated personnel, specifically developed software etc. Therefore, contractors have a broader vision on the issue. Owners need to utilize cost control systems not only for common reasons but also due to some specific necessities. Unlike contractors, owners have to capitalize projects just before they put their investments into operation. This paper intends to focus the necessities prioritized by the owners and contractors on the issue. A comparison will be made to distinguish the differences between the cost perspectives of project owners and contractors. An assessment will be done of the matters that owners pay attention while establishing a cost control structure in light of the experiences practiced in oil and gas projects. Thus, the important points which should be better to consider by the owners' project control teams will be advised.

Validation of Advanced Steam Turbine Technology: A Case Study of an Ultra Super Critical Steam Turbine Power Plant

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Quinkertz ◽  
Thomas Thiemann ◽  
Kai Gierse
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Steam Turbines

High efficiency and flexible operation continue to be the major requirements for power generation because of the benefits of reduced emissions and reduced fuel consumption, i.e. reduced operating costs. Ultra super critical (USC) steam parameters are the basis for state of the art technology of coal fired power plants with highest efficiency. An important part of the development process for advanced steam turbines is product validation. This step involves more than just providing evidence of customer guaranteed values (e.g. heat rate or electric output). It also involves proving that the design targets have been achieved and that the operational experience is fed back to designers to further develop the design criteria and enable the next step in the development of highly sophisticated products. What makes product validation for large size power plant steam turbines especially challenging is the fact that, due to the high costs of the required infrastructure, steam turbine manufacturers usually do not have a full scope / full scale testing facility. Therefore, good customer relations are the key to successful validation. This paper describes an extensive validation program for a modern state of the art ultra supercritical steam turbine performed at an operating 1000 MW steam power plant in China. Several measuring points in addition to the standard operating measurements were installed at one of the high pressure turbines to record the temperature distribution, e.g. to verify the functionality of the internal cooling system, which is an advanced design feature of the installed modern high pressure steam turbines. Predicted 3D temperature distributions are compared to the actual measurements in order to verify and evaluate the design rules and the design philosophy applied. Conclusions are drawn regarding the performance of modern 3D design tools applied in the current design process and an outlook is given on the future potential of modern USC turbines.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF ENERGY TARIFFS AND WAYS TO REDUCE THEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAKMARSKAYA THERMAL POWER PLANT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3(31)) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Yuliya Aleksandrovna Mironova ◽  
Svetlana Aleksandrovna Dedeeva
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Cost

This article presents the basic principles of pricing in the economy, examines the factors influencing the formation of tariffs in the energy sector. Using the example of the Sakmarskaya termal power stantion, the categories that determine the cost of finished products are distinguished. Measures are proposed that can reduce production costs and thereby reduce the cost of electric and thermal energy by about 1.5 times.

scholarly journals Influence of Intercept Valves on Control of Multiple Stages Steam Turbines During the Switching into the Island Operation

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Ladislav Laštovka ◽  
Pavla Hejtmánková
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Control System ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Operation Status ◽  
Hydraulic Valves ◽  
Multiple Stages

Abstract This paper presents control of a multiple stages steam turbine which is switched into the island operation. The frequency in an electrical grid is stated on nominal value which is in UCTE grid 50 Hz. When deviation of frequency is higher then 0.2 Hz, the switching of particular steam units into the island operation is only the chance how to maintain the supply of, at least, some small grids. The other possibility how to keep power units in operation, to be prepared for the next synchronization to the grid, is to switch them to operation status in which they supply only their self-consumption. This change of the operating state is the most dynamic load change for the control system of the unit. The multiple stages turbines are equipped with high pressure hydraulic valves for steam turbine governing. Influence of the intercept valve on steam turbine control during the switching process into the island operation is examined in Matlab Simuling software.

Steam Turbine Hot Standby: Electrical Pre-Heating Solution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kostenko ◽  
D. Veltmann ◽  
S. Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Start Up ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
General Aspects

Abstract Growing renewable energy generation share causes more irregular and more flexible operational regimes of conventional power plants than in the past. It leads to long periods without dispatch for several days or even weeks. As a consequence, the required pre-heating of the steam turbine leads to an extended power plant start-up time [1]. The current steam turbine Hot Standby Mode (HSM) contributes to a more flexible steam turbine operation and is a part of the Flex-Power Services™ portfolio [2]. HSM prevents the turbine components from cooling via heat supply using an electrical Trace Heating System (THS) after shutdowns [3]. The aim of the HSM is to enable faster start-up time after moderate standstills. HSM functionality can be extended to include the pre-heating option after longer standstills. This paper investigates pre-heating of the steam turbine with an electrical THS. At the beginning, it covers general aspects of flexible fossil power plant operation and point out the advantages of HSM. Afterwards the technology of the trace heating system and its application on steam turbines will be explained. In the next step the transient pre-heating process is analyzed and optimized using FEA, CFD and analytic calculations including validation considerations. Therefor a heat transfer correlation for flexible transient operation of the HSM was developed. A typical large steam turbine with an output of up to 300MW was investigated. Finally the results are summarized and an outlook is given. The results of heat transfer and conduction between and within turbine components are used to enable fast start-ups after long standstills or even outages with the benefit of minimal energy consumption. The solution is available for new apparatus as well as for the modernization of existing installations.

scholarly journals Fault diagnosis of sensors in the control system of a steam turbine

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Mariusz Pawlak ◽  
Janusz Buchta ◽  
Andrzej Oziemski
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Control System ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Fuzzy Neural Networks ◽  
Sensor Faults ◽  
Fuzzy Neural ◽  
And Control

A diagnostic and control system for a turbine is presented. The influence of the turbine controller on regulation processes in the power system is described. Measured quantities have been characterized and methods for detecting errors have been determined. The paper presents the application of fuzzy neural networks (fuzzy-NNs) for diagnosing sensor faults in the control systems of a steam turbine. The structure of the fuzzy-NN model and the model’s method of learning, based on measurement data, are presented. Fuzzy-NNs are used to detect faults procedures. The fuzzy-NN models are created and verified.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document