Economic Optimization of a Distributed Generation System for an Orifice Building

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Douglas ◽  
Michael K. Sahm ◽  
William J. Wepfer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Reciprocating Engines ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
Selection Of

Methodologies have been developed to aid in selection of a candidate distributed generation system for use in meeting a building's electrical demand. The systems studied are comprised of a combination of microturbines and/or natural gas reciprocating engines. These systems could also be used as prime movers in a combined heat and power application. Economic optimizations have been performed in order to identify distributed generation/prime mover combinations and operating strategies that yield the lowest electrical generation cost. These optimizations take into account a finite set of operating scenarios and equipment combinations. In addition to the economic optimizations, a direct comparison of customer design considerations has been made, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of both microturbines and reciprocating engines. In this study, the optimal system for a 9290 m2 (100,000 ft2) office building in New York City at today's natural gas prices was determined to be a combination of natural gas reciprocating engines and microturbines. This system yielded a 5% reduction in generation costs over other cases examined including all homogeneous composition systems. With an increase in natural gas prices, the optimal case changes to be comprised solely of natural gas reciprocating engines. It has been shown that many factors are important to selection of optimal equipment including the specific end use load profile, cost of fuel, and system operating strategy.

Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential With Combined Heat and Power With Distributed Generation Prime Movers

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Curran ◽  
Timothy J. Theiss ◽  
Michael J. Bunce
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
The U.S

Pending or recently enacted greenhouse gas regulations and mandates are leading to the need for current and feasible GHG reduction solutions including combined heat and power (CHP). Distributed generation using advanced reciprocating engines, gas turbines, microturbines and fuel cells has been shown to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) compared to the U.S. electrical generation mix due to the use of natural gas and high electrical generation efficiencies of these prime movers. Many of these prime movers are also well suited for use in CHP systems which recover heat generated during combustion or energy conversion. CHP increases the total efficiency of the prime mover by recovering waste heat for generating electricity, replacing process steam, hot water for buildings or even cooling via absorption chilling. The increased efficiency of CHP systems further reduces GHG emissions compared to systems which do not recover waste thermal energy. Current GHG mandates within the U.S Federal sector and looming GHG legislation for states puts an emphasis on understanding the GHG reduction potential of such systems. This study compares the GHG savings from various state-of-the-art prime movers. GHG reductions from commercially available prime movers in the 1–5 MW class including, various industrial fuel cells, large and small gas turbines, micro turbines and reciprocating gas engines with and without CHP are compared to centralized electricity generation including the U.S. mix and the best available technology with natural gas combined cycle power plants. The findings show significant GHG saving potential with the use of CHP. Also provided is an exploration of the accounting methodology for GHG reductions with CHP and the sensitivity of such analyses to electrical generation efficiency, emissions factors and most importantly recoverable heat and thermal recovery efficiency from the CHP system.

scholarly journals New Trends in Developing Alternative Ways to Resolve Financial Disputes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Ermakova Elena Petrovna ◽  
Frolova Evgenia Evgenevna ◽  
Sitkareva Elena Vitalevna
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
International Finance ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
National Courts ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way ◽  
Legal Force

The authors investigate an issue of the appearance of new trends in developing alternative ways to resolve financial disputes. It has been found that: 1) selection of an arbitration forum for dispute resolution in the field of international finance instead of national courts of London and New York became an obvious reality that should be taken into account by politicians and entrepreneurs; 2) advantages and disadvantages of arbitration resolution of financial disputes are also obvious, so special attention should be paid to the new forms of dispute resolution clauses – hybrid dispute resolution clauses that authorize counterparties to select between the national judicial proceeding and the international arbitration, allowing the parties to select the most appropriate proceeding jurisdiction as following from the specific dispute based on advantages of both forums; 3) in connection with the popularization of alternative ways of dispute resolution in the field of financial relations it is prospective to use mediation for dispute resolution: the entry of Singapore Convention on Mediation 2019 into legal force and joining of global financial leading states to it can contribute to this; 4) in connection with the specifics of cross-boundary financial relations, and for dispute resolution, standard arbitration regulations are not always applicable, so now arbitration institutions tend to follow the way of including separate regulations with regard f the specifics of these disputes; the latest trend can be considered the creation of separate centres in the field of financial dispute resolution.

scholarly journals Expectations for Statistical Arbitrage in Energy Futures Markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Futures Markets ◽  
Energy Futures ◽  
Statistical Arbitrage ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
Arbitrage Opportunity ◽  
Cointegration Relationship ◽  
Energy Futures Markets

Energy futures have become important as alternative investment assets to minimize the volatility of portfolio return, owing to their low links with traditional financial markets. In order to make energy futures markets grow further, it is necessary to expand expectations of returns from trading in energy futures markets. Therefore, this study examines whether profits can be earned by statistical arbitrage between wholesale electricity futures and natural gas futures listed on the New York Mercantile Exchange. On the assumption that power prices and natural gas prices have a cointegration relationship, as tested and supported by previous studies, the short-term deviation from the long-term equilibrium is regarded as an arbitrage opportunity. The results of the spark-spread trading simulations using historical data from 2 January 2014 to 29 December 2017 show about 30% yield at maximum. This study shows the possibility of generating earnings in energy futures market.

Implementation of a System for the Analysis and Evaluation of Advantages of Distributed Generation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Proietti ◽  
Livia Arcioni ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Transmission Grid ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a research activity at the Industrial Engineering Department of the University of Perugia, Italy, aimed at the development of a software tool (Co.Gis®) based on the use of interactive vectorial maps which allows to help the design and selection of a distributed generation system. The software is aimed at helping the user in the selection of the main characteristics of distributed generation systems by means of a methodology that calculates the avoided losses on the electrical grid and many other economical and technical indicators. The software can also be used to quantify the environmental benefits, to help in the feasibility studies of distributed generation systems and to manage the data and to control groups of small generation systems (Virtual Power Plant). The geo-referenced database of the present co-generation systems has been constructed on the Italian territory, with 1606 installations and approximately 12.000 MWe installed electric power. A complete database, which also includes all the other non-cogenerative distributed generation systems installed on the territory of Umbria, a small region in center of Italy, was prepared. This database is a powerful tool to characterize immediately the type of users that use cogeneration plants, to know the requirements of the market and to characterize and propose innovative energy conversion systems. Another characteristic is the possibility to perform feasibility studies of cogeneration systems. This instrument allows a significant simplification of the technical-economic evaluation procedures for the installation of an industrial or civil cogeneration system. The feasibility study can be combined with the calculation of electrical losses on the electricity transmission grid. The calculation of the avoided electrical losses, in terms of avoided CO2, offers a valid instrument to evaluate the environmental impact of different electrical generation systems and shows the advantages offered by distributed generation in the traditional generation park in Italy.

scholarly journals ЩОДО ВЕРИФІКАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ТАРИФУ НА РОЗПОДІЛ ГАЗУ ПРИНЦИПАМ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Столяр О. О.
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Incentive Regulation ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study is to determine the conformity (verification) of the current model of tariff formation for gas distribution service of gas companies to the principle of incentive regulation based on the selection of model elements and their comparison with the world successful experience. The method of verification based on the selection of model elements, the determination of the advantages and disadvantages of such a model, and the comparison of the latter, introduced at domestic gas companies on natural gas distribution, with the world's successful experience in regulating this issue. It is presented that this model does not fully comply with the principles based on long-term incentive regulation, which show its effectiveness in the world, which will be continued in the following studies.

Thinking About Rural Development.—By Arther T. Mosher. New York: Agricultural Development Council, Inc., 1976. xii+pp.350.

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Basic Defect ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Selection Of

This book is essentially a selection of the articles written by Arther T. Mosher during his long career as a rural development expert. Also appended at the end is a complete list of writings by him. The Agricultural Development Council has chosen to publish this book to honour the author, who was its President during 1967-1973, The publication of this book is welcome in the context of the recent rediscovery of rural development as a principal plank of need-oriented develop¬ment strategies. A basic defect of writing on rural development has been excessive resort to stereotype rehtoric, over-enthusiasm and a certain pedanticism. Fortunately, Mosher's orientation is practical, not doctrinaire. Although the book is titled "Thinking About Rural Development", the author keeps on bring¬ing together the thinking and practice into their validly interactive perspectives. Not surprisingly so, for the author has himself worked in the field as a rural development practitioner for a considerable length of time.

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