scholarly journals ЩОДО ВЕРИФІКАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ТАРИФУ НА РОЗПОДІЛ ГАЗУ ПРИНЦИПАМ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Столяр О. О.
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Incentive Regulation ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study is to determine the conformity (verification) of the current model of tariff formation for gas distribution service of gas companies to the principle of incentive regulation based on the selection of model elements and their comparison with the world successful experience. The method of verification based on the selection of model elements, the determination of the advantages and disadvantages of such a model, and the comparison of the latter, introduced at domestic gas companies on natural gas distribution, with the world's successful experience in regulating this issue. It is presented that this model does not fully comply with the principles based on long-term incentive regulation, which show its effectiveness in the world, which will be continued in the following studies.

scholarly journals A Gas Distribution Network Hydraulic Problem from Practice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brikić
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Hardy Cross ◽  
Selection Of

Accent is on determination of appropriate friction factor, and on selection of representative equation for natural gas flow under presented conditions in the network. Calculation of presented looped gas-pipeline network is done according to principles of Hardy Cross method. The final flows were calculated, for known pipes diameters and nodes consumptions while the flow velocities through pipes have to stand below certain values. In optimization problem flows are treated as constant, while the diameters are variables.

scholarly journals Methodology of hydrogen embrittlement study of long-term operated natural gas distribution pipeline steels caused by hydrogen transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (59) ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
Hryhoriy Nykyforchyn ◽  
Olha Zvirko ◽  
Myroslava Hredil ◽  
Halyna Krechkovska ◽  
Oleksandr Tsyrulnyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Steel Research ◽  
Hydrogen Assisted Cracking ◽  
Strength And Plasticity

A methodology of experimental research on hydrogen embrittlement of pipe carbon steels due to the transportation of hydrogen or its mixture with natural gas by a long-term operated gas distribution network is presented. The importance of comparative assessments of the steel in the as-received and operated states basing on the properties that characterize plasticity, resistance to brittle fracture and hydrogen assisted cracking is accentuated. Two main methodological peculiarities are pointed out, (i) testing specimens should be cut out in the transverse direction relative to the pipe axis; (ii) strength and plasticity characteristics should be determined using flat tensile specimens with the smallest possible thickness of the working part. The determination of hydrogen concentration in metal, metallographic and fractographic analyses have been supplemented the study. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been illustrated by the example of the steel research after its 52-year operation.

Volume reduction of produced water generated from natural gas production process using membrane technology

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Visvanathan ◽  
P. Svenstrup ◽  
P. Ariyamethee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Natural Gas Production ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spiral Wound

This paper presents a case study of a natural gas production site covering various technical issues related to selection of an appropriate Reverse Osmosis (RO) system. The long-term field experience indicates the necessity of the selection of appropriate pretreatment systems for fouling-free RO operational conditions. The produced water has a variety of impurities such as oil and grease, process chemicals used for corrosion and scaling control, and dehydration of natural gas, etc. This situation leads to a complicated and extremely difficult task for a membrane specialist to design RO systems, especially the pre-treatment section. Here as part of the pretreatment selection, two types of UF membrane modules viz. spiral wound and hollow fibre, with MWCO of 8000 and 50,000 Dalton respectively, were tested in parallel with NF membranes of the spiral wound type with MWCO 200 Dalton. The UF permeate is used as feed for RO compatibility testing. Both configurations of UF failed to be compatible, due to irreversible fouling of the RO membrane. The NF membrane, however, showed interesting results, due to membrane stability in terms of cleaning and fouling. The NF plant with 50% capacity gave a recovery of 75% and the RO plant gave a recovery of 60% versus the expected 92–95%. The long-term tests have indicated that the reminder of the membranes could be installed to achieve full capacity of the plant. This study also demonstrates the importance of selection of proper pre-treatment set-up for the RO system design.

scholarly journals HCV Detection, Discrimination, and Genotyping Technologies

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Warkad ◽  
Satish Nimse ◽  
Keum-Soo Song ◽  
Taisun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 71 million people were living with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection worldwide in 2015. Each year, about 399,000 HCV-infected people succumb to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Therefore, screening of HCV infection with simple, rapid, but highly sensitive and specific methods can help to curb the global burden on HCV healthcare. Apart from the determination of viral load/viral clearance, the identification of specific HCV genotype is also critical for successful treatment of hepatitis C. This critical review focuses on the technologies used for the detection, discrimination, and genotyping of HCV in clinical samples. This article also focuses on advantages and disadvantages of the reported methods used for HCV detection, quantification, and genotyping.

scholarly journals Selection of Satellite Image Series for the Determination of Forest Pathology Dynamics Taking Into Account Cloud Coverage and Image Distortions Based on the Data Obtained from the Key Point Detector

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Евгений Трубаков ◽  
Evgeniy Trubakov ◽  
Андрей Трубаков ◽  
Andrey Trubakov ◽  
Дмитрий Коростелёв ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Image ◽  
Forest Pathology ◽  
Acceptable Result ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cloud Coverage ◽  
Point Detector ◽  
Automated Methods ◽  
Selection Of

Remote sensing of the earth and monitoring of various phenomena have been and still remain an important task for solving various problems. One of them is the forest pathology dynamics determining. Assuming its dependence on various factors forest pathology can be either short-term or long-term. Sometimes it is necessary to analyze satellite images within a period of several years in order to determine the dynamics of forest pathology. So it is connected with some special aspects and makes such analysis in manual mode impossible. At the same time automated methods face the problem of identifying a series of suitable images even though they are not covered by clouds, shadows, turbulence and other distortions. Classical methods of nebulosity determination based either on neural network or decision functions do not always give an acceptable result, because the cloud coverage by itself can be either of cirrus intortus type or insignificant within the image, but in case of cloudiness it can be the reason for wrong analysis of the area under examination. The article proposes a new approach for the analysis and selection of images based on key point detectors connected neither with cloudiness determination nor distorted area identification, but with the extraction of suitable images eliminating those that by their characteristics are unfit for forest pathology determination. Experiments have shown that the accuracy of this approach is higher than of currently used method in GIS, which is based on cloud detector.

scholarly journals Age-Related Immunoreactivity Profiles to Diverse Mycobacterial Antigens in BCG-Vaccinated Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-yuan Yang ◽  
Yu-tong Zhang ◽  
Jia-ni Xiao ◽  
Yu-shuo Liang ◽  
Ping Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elispot Assay ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens ◽  
Selection Of

Long-term immunoreactivity to mycobacterial antigens in Bovis Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated population is not well investigated. Herein, 361 volunteer healthy donors (HDs) with neonatal BCG vaccination from Shanghai region (China) were enrolled. They were subdivided into ESAT-6/CFP10- (E6C10-) and ESAT-6/CFP10+ (E6C10+) groups based on gamma-interferon release assays (IGRAs). Three mycobacterial antigens, including Rv0934, Rv3006, and Rv3841, were subjected to the determination of immunoreactivity by ELISPOT assay. The immunoreactivities to three mycobacterial antigens were firstly compared among TB patients (N=39), E6C10+ HDs (N=78, 21.61% of HDs) and E6C10- HDs (N=283, 78.39% of HDs). It was revealed that Rv3006 was dominant upon M.tb infection, while Rv3841 was likely to be more responsive upon latent TB infection. In E6C10- population, the immunoreactivity to Rv3841 maintained along with aging, whereas those to Rv3006 and Rv0934 attenuated in E6C10- HDs older than 45 years old. Our study implies the shift of dominant antigens at different infection statuses, providing the clues for the selection of mycobacterial antigens in vaccine development and precision revaccination in the future.

scholarly journals Conservation survey, condition report and collections care proposal for the World War I portrait collection at State Records of South Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ann Ernisse
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
South Australia ◽  
World War ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Detailed List ◽  
Collections Care ◽  
And Storage ◽  
State Records

This practical thesis project report contains a conservation survey, condition report and collections care proposal for the World War I portrait collection at State Records of South Australia. The plan prescribes immediate, short term and long term recommendations for the improvement of preservation techniques for the World War I collection. The paper also contains information and results gathered through the condition report of the collection sample and conservation survey. The survey investigated the current environment and storage facilities, access, security and disaster planning surrounding the collection. The paper also outlines the practices and methodologies of the applied thesis for both the conservation survey and condition report. The collection care proposal assesses current practices in order to provide State Records with accurate goals that offer flexible options. A detailed list of housing recommendations is included in the proposal; an advantages and disadvantages assessment if included for each option to help State Records better fit its needs and abilities in the future. Charts showing the results of the condition report and environmental assessment from the conservation survey are included in the appendix for further reference. This project is intended to draw attention to the urgent need for better preservation practices for the World War I portrait collection.

Strategic analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Yuliia Grynchuk ◽  
Andrii Muzychenko ◽  
Kseniia Prykhod’ko
Keyword(s):  
Price Policy ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology of strategic analysis of enterprise competitiveness. The methodological basis of the research is the use of general scientific methods: the method of analysis and synthesis, theoretical generalization and comparison, and the means of modern computer technology for data visualization. The scientific novelty of the received results consists of developing a logical and linguistic methodology of competitiveness analysis in the long term. The article is devoted to the development of strategic analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise. Relevance of research is caused by enterprises management in the modern markets that use innovations of products or technologies, constantly face competition, and according to its condition, should make decisions on strategic development in conformity with the country’s development market inquiries the society. Thus, the problem is not only for new companies but also for those that already function in the market and carry out planning of economic activity to become the market leader, not to lose leadership, to keep the positions. The given methodology can be used by any enterprise irrespective of the type of activity, form of ownership, or strategic goals. Conclusions. According to the study results, the methodology of strategic analysis, which is based on the study of potential internal development of the enterprise, taking into account the influence of external factors, which include macroeconomic factors of influence and market conditions. The basic approaches to the analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise of foreign and domestic researchers are investigated in the article. The essential components of competitive advantages, which include price and non-price factors, are considered. Peculiarities of carrying out the analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise after Porter are defined. The methodology of competitiveness analysis in the long term is developed. The main components of the strategic analysis are the estimation of activity scale in a long-term prospect, determination of strategic aims of the company, determination of aims of market coverage, selection of strategy type, selection of basic subjects of influence on competitive advantages, assessment of future relations with suppliers and buyers, assessment of cost price level, assessment of the quality of products and services and unique properties of products, formation of internal price policy. Key words: strategy, strategic analysis, competitiveness, competitive advantages.

Family Business Governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Reena Agrawal ◽  
Ganga Bhavani
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World

Corporate governance is a significant tool to build strong and long relationships among various stakeholders in kinds of business organizations. Family businesses are not an exception to this. Like any other businesses, family businesses also need to have governance in place and practice to achieve the business strategies and to have long-term succession. Family-owned businesses are the backbone of many countries' economies in the world contributing substantial portion of GDP. Considering these, it is important to know the best practices of governance in family owned business organizations and the role played by governance to improve the strengths of these businesses. The chapter throws light on family business governance and explores various important practices highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in detail.

Economic Optimization of a Distributed Generation System for an Orifice Building

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Douglas ◽  
Michael K. Sahm ◽  
William J. Wepfer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Reciprocating Engines ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
Selection Of

Methodologies have been developed to aid in selection of a candidate distributed generation system for use in meeting a building's electrical demand. The systems studied are comprised of a combination of microturbines and/or natural gas reciprocating engines. These systems could also be used as prime movers in a combined heat and power application. Economic optimizations have been performed in order to identify distributed generation/prime mover combinations and operating strategies that yield the lowest electrical generation cost. These optimizations take into account a finite set of operating scenarios and equipment combinations. In addition to the economic optimizations, a direct comparison of customer design considerations has been made, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of both microturbines and reciprocating engines. In this study, the optimal system for a 9290 m2 (100,000 ft2) office building in New York City at today's natural gas prices was determined to be a combination of natural gas reciprocating engines and microturbines. This system yielded a 5% reduction in generation costs over other cases examined including all homogeneous composition systems. With an increase in natural gas prices, the optimal case changes to be comprised solely of natural gas reciprocating engines. It has been shown that many factors are important to selection of optimal equipment including the specific end use load profile, cost of fuel, and system operating strategy.

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