scholarly journals Post-Flashover Compartment Fire for Different Fire Ventilation Settings in a Medium-Sized Residential Room

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed H. Saber ◽  
Ahmed Kashef ◽  
Alex Bwalya
Keyword(s):  
Fire Tests ◽  
Compartment Fire ◽  
Fire Statistics ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Design Fire ◽  
Load Location ◽  
Ventilation Scheme ◽  
Selection Of

A number of fire ventilation scenarios were investigated in order to identify the proper ventilation scheme for conducting design fire tests in a medium-sized residential room of a size of 4.2 m long, 3.8 m wide and 2.4 m high. The ventilation schemes were based on using a window, door, or both with different sizes. The fuel package that was used in all scenarios consisted of a mock-up sofa made of polyurethane foam and two wood cribs underneath it. The selection of this fuel package is supported by fire statistics that many fatal residential fires begin with an item of upholstered furniture. The CFD technique was used to conduct the numerical simulations for eleven ventilation scenarios using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) version 5. The effect of window and door sizes, and fire load location on the heat release rate, burning rate, temperature during the period of fully-developed fire (post-flashover), and the onset of post-flashover and its duration were investigated.

scholarly journals A Numerical Analysis of the Fire Characteristics after Sprinkler Activation in the Compartment Fire

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Trong Khoat ◽  
Ji Tea Kim ◽  
Tran Dang Quoc ◽  
Ji Hyun Kwark ◽  
Hong Sun Ryou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Compartment Fire ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Fire Characteristics ◽  
Sprinkler Spray

Understanding fire characteristics under sprinkler spray is valuable for performance-based safety design. However, fire characteristics during fire suppression by sprinkler spray has seldom been studied in detail. In order to present a fire suppression model by sprinkler spray and determine the fire characteristics after sprinkler activation in a compartment, a numerical analysis was conducted using a fire dynamics simulator (FDS). A simple fire suppression model by sprinkler spray was calibrated by comparing ceiling temperatures from experimental data. An extinguishing coefficient of 3.0 was shown to be suitable for the fire suppression model. The effect of sprinkler spray on the smoke layer during fire suppression was explained, revealing a smoke logging phenomenon. In addition, the smoke, which spread under the influence of the sprinkler spray, was also investigated. The temperature, velocity, and mass flow rate of the smoke layer through the doorway was significantly reduced during fire suppression compared to a free burn case.

Balcony Effect on the External Fire Spread into Upper Floors

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto J. L. Morgado ◽  
João P. C. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Constructive Solution ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
The One ◽  
Simplified Calculation

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the balcony effect of the fire spread, via external windows, into upper floors. Several natural fire tests were carried out in a compartment that intended to represent a small office and the fire development inside and its spread to the upper floors was analysed. They were tested three configurations of balcony above the exterior window of the compartment; no balcony, a balcony of the same width of the window and a balcony one meter wider for each side of the window. These natural fire tests were also numerically simulated with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software and analytically simulated with the simplified calculation methods of annex A and B of EN1991-1.2. The results of the experimental, numerical and analytical tests were compared with each other. The constructive solution for limiting fire spread into upper floors that proved to be more effective was the one with the balcony one meter wider than the window.

Evaluation of Positive Pressure Ventilation for High-Rise Buildings in Compartment Fire Situation

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 2908-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng ◽  
Yan Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Compartment Fire ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Condition ◽  
Fire Scenarios

An alternate means for protecting high-rise stairwell enclosures using the positive pressure ventilation is evaluated. An analysis performed by using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) model shows that the positive pressure ventilation can be an effective method for protecting the stairwell enclosure. Three types of ventilation methods are compared in the same fire condition and the best one is determined based on the decrease of temperature in the stairwell. The optimal rate for ventilating the stair requires optimization of the airflow rate according to postulated fire scenarios for the building and the desired performance with respect to tenability conditions within the stair.

scholarly journals Improved Modelling and Assessment of the Performance of Firefighting Means in the Frame of a Fire PSA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kloos ◽  
Joerg Peschke
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Occurrence Probability ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Selection Of

An integrated deterministic and probabilistic safety analysis (IDPSA) was carried out to assess the performances of the firefighting means to be applied in a nuclear power plant. The tools used in the analysis are the code FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) for fire simulation and the tool MCDET (Monte Carlo Dynamic Event Tree) for handling epistemic and aleatory uncertainties. The combination of both tools allowed for an improved modelling of a fire interacting with firefighting means while epistemic uncertainties because lack of knowledge and aleatory uncertainties due to the stochastic aspects of the performances of the firefighting means are simultaneously taken into account. The MCDET-FDS simulations provided a huge spectrum of fire sequences each associated with a conditional occurrence probability at each point in time. These results were used to derive probabilities of damage states based on failure criteria considering high temperatures of safety related targets and critical exposure times. The influence of epistemic uncertainties on the resulting probabilities was quantified. The paper describes the steps of the IDPSA and presents a selection of results. Focus is laid on the consideration of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties. Insights and lessons learned from the analysis are discussed.

Assessment of Fire Dynamics Simulator for Heat Flux and Flame Heights Predictions from Fires in SBI Tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Zhang ◽  
Michael Delichatsios ◽  
Matthieu Colobert
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator

An evaluation of fire-plume properties simulated with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the Clark coupled wildfire model

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2894-2908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiyu Sun ◽  
Mary Ann Jenkins ◽  
Steven K Krueger ◽  
William Mell ◽  
Joseph J Charney
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Model ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Vertical Grid ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Good Agreement

Before using a fluid dynamics physically based wildfire model to study wildfire, validation is necessary and model results need to be systematically and objectively analyzed and compared to real fires, which requires suitable data sets. Observational data from the Meteotron experiment are used to evaluate the fire-plume properties simulated by two fluid dynamics numerical wildfire models, the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the Clark coupled atmosphere–fire model. Comparisons based on classical plume theory between numerical model and experimental Meteotron results show that plume theory, because of its simplifying assumptions, is a fair but restricted rendition of important plume-averaged properties. The study indicates that the FDS, an explicit and computationally demanding model, produces good agreement with the Meteotron results even at a relatively coarse horizontal grid size of 4 m for the FDS, while the coupled atmosphere–fire model, a less explicit and less computationally demanding model, can produce good agreement, but that the agreement is sensitive to surface vertical-grid sizes and the method by which the energy released from the fire is put into the atmosphere.

Numerical Analysis of Evacuation from Taiwan Hsuehshan Tunnel Fire

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1840-1849
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Kuo Da Chou
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Escape Time ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Protection Engineering

Taiwan is an island nation with numerous mountains and few plains. Consequently, the number of tunnel projects has gradually increased and tunnels are becoming longer. Because the number of large tunnels that exceed 1000 meters in length has increased, the effective escape and evacuation of people during a fire and the minimization of injury are crucial to fire protection engineers. For this study, an actual example of a fire that occurred in Hsuehshan Tunnel (12.9 kilometers and the longest tunnel in Southeast Asia) was used. A fire dynamics simulator (FDS) including numerical simulation software was applied to analyze this fire and the relevant information that was collected was compared and verified. The fire site simulation showed the escape and evacuation of people during the fire. Simulations of the original fire site and the possible escape time for people with various attributes were discussed to provide quantitative data and recommendations based on the analysis results, which can serve as a reference for fire protection engineering.

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