Numerical Analysis of Evacuation from Taiwan Hsuehshan Tunnel Fire

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1840-1849
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Kuo Da Chou
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Escape Time ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Protection Engineering

Taiwan is an island nation with numerous mountains and few plains. Consequently, the number of tunnel projects has gradually increased and tunnels are becoming longer. Because the number of large tunnels that exceed 1000 meters in length has increased, the effective escape and evacuation of people during a fire and the minimization of injury are crucial to fire protection engineers. For this study, an actual example of a fire that occurred in Hsuehshan Tunnel (12.9 kilometers and the longest tunnel in Southeast Asia) was used. A fire dynamics simulator (FDS) including numerical simulation software was applied to analyze this fire and the relevant information that was collected was compared and verified. The fire site simulation showed the escape and evacuation of people during the fire. Simulations of the original fire site and the possible escape time for people with various attributes were discussed to provide quantitative data and recommendations based on the analysis results, which can serve as a reference for fire protection engineering.

Wooden Buildings by the Fire Damaged of Toxic Gases on Personnel Evacuation Influences

2013 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Chia Chun Yu ◽  
Te Chi Chen ◽  
Shih Cheng Wang ◽  
Liang Yi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Ignition Point ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Fire Laboratory

A wooden building includes historic buildings, villas, wayside pavilion, and so on. These buildings have one thing in common which is they are resistance fire capacity poor. The ignition point of wood is lower, and when encountering a fire the main structure of the building will be seriously damage. In most cases, these building need to be reconstruction. Also, in the initial stage of burning, smoke and toxic gases tend to hinder people from evacuating likely. Therefore, this paper is to explore monumental buildings of the “Grass Mountain Chateau" in Taiwan, which was burnt down in 2007. For a better understanding of significant parameters such as smoke and toxic gases after burning, and a further simulation of the damage degree of people evacuation, utilize fire simulation software the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) of NIST ( U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology Association Fire Laboratory) to analyze the wooden building of the case on the fire. Hopefully, to provide advices on fire prevention of wooden buildings and people evacuation by supplying quantitative data of the simulation and analysis, and to decrease the loss of buildings to the minimum and prevent casualties.

Assessment of Numerical Simulation Capabilities of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS 6) for Planar Air Curtain Flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long-Xing Yu ◽  
Tarek Beji ◽  
Georgios Maragkos ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Miao-Cheng Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Air Curtain ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator

Fluid-Solid Coupling Numerical Simulation Analysis of Impermeable Rock Mining Seam Floor Failure

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1527-1530
Author(s):  
Chun Jie Song ◽  
Cheng Fan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Water Inrush ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Floor Failure

Based on a deep understanding of FLAC 3D numerical simulation software and the solid-liquid coupling theory and calculation method, this paper established a mining three-dimensional mechanical model under the pressurized water .Using the numerical simulation method, this paper systematically analysis deformation Laws of stress distribution of mining floor, bottom stress, its plastic zone and floor failure depth. By analyzing water inrush flow-solid coupling seepage problem under the conditions of coal mining, and compares with relevant information, verify the rationality of the existing theories and engineering measures, provide a theoretical basis for seeking security and economic exploitation of technical measures.

Full-Scale Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Fire in a High-Rise Residential Building

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 2251-2256
Author(s):  
Jun Tao Yang ◽  
Yun Yang ◽  
Jing Liang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Smoke Spread

Fires in high-rise residential building were studied experimentally by using an actual building with similar inner structure. The temperatures in the building interior corridors, elevators and staircases exit were measured. At the same time the fires in this construction were simulated by using FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software, the variance trends of the temperatures in different positions within high-rise residential building were studied and compared with the experiment results, and the results of this simulation are proved to be valid. The results can be used to support the study of effectively controlling of the smoke spread and evacuation in high-rise residential building.

Field Model Simulation and Analysis for a Residential Building Fire

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 810-815
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Meng Yin Chen ◽  
Lung Sheng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Protection Engineering ◽  
Building Fire ◽  
Property Loss ◽  
Fire Characteristics ◽  
Social Economic Development ◽  
Protection Engineering

Under the effects of rapid social-economic development and urbanization, populations dwelling in large community housing buildings have become more concentrated than ever in Taiwan. This might lead to major casualties and property loss if a fire occurs. Therefore, research on fire protection engineering is particularly critical for large buildings. If fire protection engineering considerations are addressed extensively, fire damage can be minimized. This study simulated an actual building fire case of New Taipei City and analyzed the fire field by using the Fire Dynamics Simulator, developed by NIST/USA. In this case, the dwellers of the building had illegally used the patio space to store combustibles. Additionally, the interior of this dwelling contained numerous combustible decorative materials that resulted in a fast expanding fire inside the dwelling. The high temperature smoke generated by the fire moved upwards through the patio because of the stack effect. The dweller had installed a steel window on the opening of the patio illegally, which considerably narrowed the opening and caused the smoke to rapidly accumulate in the patio. This caused the materials inside the patio to burn quickly, and finally resulted in numerous casualties and substantial property loss. The fire characteristics were investigated to obtain transient results regarding influential parameters, such as the temperature of the fire field and concentration of CO, to analyze and discuss the state of the fire field and allowable time for escaping. These results may be applicable for preventing and reducing the future occurrence of such disasters.

scholarly journals Numerical study on the effect of shaft position on natural smoke exhaust in tunnels with one closed portal

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 05061
Author(s):  
GENG Pengqiang ◽  
WANG Zihao ◽  
WENG Miaocheng ◽  
LIU Fang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Source ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Ceiling Temperature ◽  
Longitudinal Distance

.This paper uses Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to study the effect of the longitudinal distance from the shaft to the fire source on the natural smoke exhaust of the tunnel fire with one closed portal, and analyzes the temperature distribution of the smoke and the shaft’s smoke exhaust efficiency. The results show that when the shaft is located downstream of the fire source (Ds<0), with the increase of the distance from the shaft to the fire source, the smoke exhaust efficiency decreases first and then stabilizes at a fixed value. At this time, the ceiling temperature attenuation’s coefficient at upstream of the fire source is only related to the heat release rate of the fire source (HRR). When the shaft is located upstream of the fire source (Ds>0), the smoke exhaust efficiency increases slightly with the increase of the distance from the shaft to the fire source, but the overall value is relatively small. When HRR is fixed, the shaft located downstream of the fire source has a higher smoke exhaust efficiency. As the distance between the shaft and the fire source increases, the plug phenomenon decreases.

scholarly journals Examination on Effects of Spray Characteristics of Water Mist on Thermal Radiation Attenuation Using Fire Dynamics Simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jae Geun Jo ◽  
Chi Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Radiation Attenuation ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator

In this study, numerical simulations to investigate the effects of the spray characteristics of water mist on thermal radiation attenuation were performed using fire dynamics simulator (FDS). The droplet size, flow rate, and spray angle of the water mist were 100-300 µm, 1-3 L/min, and 60-180°, respectively. As the droplet size decreased and flow rate increased, the thermal radiation attenuation increased. When the spray angles decreased and increased behind the near nozzle center and behind a certain remote distance from the nozzle center, respectively, the thermal radiation attenuation increased. The peak thermal radiation attenuation increased with decreases in droplet size and spray angle and an increase in flow rate, whereas the average thermal radiation attenuation increased with a decrease in droplet size and increases in flow rate and spray angle. Under the numerical simulation conditions of this study, the peak and average thermal radiation attenuations were significantly altered by the ratios of droplet size and flow rate and by that of flow rate, respectively. However, their variations with the ratio of spray angle were the smallest.

Safety Verification of Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Concrete Beam in the Fire by Applying CFD

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 802-808
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Chia Chun Yu ◽  
Te Chi Chen ◽  
Shih Cheng Wang ◽  
Chian Yu Peng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beam ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Temperature Boundary ◽  
Computer Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Protection Engineering

Advanced countries have adopted performance-based protective design to evaluate safety of buildings for building’s function of fire protection. And they have employed technology of fire protection engineering and quantified data of theoretical numerical model to create an even more flexible evaluation method for building’s fire protection. Buildings suffered varied degree of attack from elevated temperature and thermal radiation, which leads to changes in physical, chemical and mechanical properties, might result in considerable damage to the buildings and their structure. Such damage threatens populace life. This paper uses FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software to analyze thermal flow field of fire. The temperature boundary condition of simulation results are then entered in the CFD (Computer Fluid Dynamics) software PHOENICS to calculate internal temperature and mechanical property of the beam. This study also integrates related experimental literatures as auxiliary to calculate thermal transmission and strength. Purpose of the above is to investigate elevated temperature and reduction of mechanical property, as well as verify safety of structure.

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