Semi-Active Suspension Systems for Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Multibody Model Development, Identification and Control Algorithm Evaluation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Grott ◽  
Francesco Biral ◽  
Roberto Oboe ◽  
Alberto Cis ◽  
Eugenio Vincenti
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

The design of suspension systems for heavy-duty vehicles covers a specific field of automotive industry. During the past few years there has been an increasing demand in power capabilities, loads and driving speeds of heavy duty vehicles. Therefore, off-highway vehicle manufacturers have shown their interest in employing new technologies. This work focuses on the investigation of hydro-pneumatic suspension systems for heavy duty vehicles, in particular on the benefits of a semi-active solution compared to a passive one. The main targets of this activity is the study of the dynamical behaviour of agricultural tractors and the design of a cost-effective controllable suspension, capable to adapt the tractor dynamical behaviour, under different road and load conditions. The work started with the development of a multibody model of the suspension test bench to be used for control solution comparisons. The multibody model was experimentally validated by characterizing the cylinder friction, tire parameters and Frequency Response (F.R.) of the suspension bench test equipped with a passive solution. As a last step the evaluation of different control algorithms for hydraulic semi-active suspension was carried out via Adams/Matlab co-simulation technique.

scholarly journals An active seat suspension design for vibration control of heavy-duty vehicles

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghong Ning ◽  
Shuaishuai Sun ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Haiping Du ◽  
Weihua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Linear Motors ◽  
Seat Suspension ◽  
Output Torque ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinders ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

This paper presents the design, fabrication and testing of an innovative active seat suspension system for heavy-duty vehicles. Rather than using conventional linear actuators, such as hydraulic cylinders or linear motors, which need to be well maintained and are always expensive when high force outputs are required, the proposed seat suspension system directly applies a rotary motor in order to provide the required active actuation, without changing the basic structure of the existing off-the-shelf seat suspension. A gear reducer is also applied to amplify the output torque of the motor so that a high output torque can be achieved using a low rated power motor. A static output feedback [Formula: see text] controller with friction compensation is designed to actively reduce seat vibration. Experiments are carried out to test the fabricated suspension prototype. The experimental results show that this type of seat suspension can achieve greater ride comfort in the frequency range of 2–6 Hz than a passive seat suspension. The newly designed active seat suspension is much more cost effective and can be suitable for heavy-duty vehicles.

Control of a Helicopter Main Gearbox Active Suspension System

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rodriguez ◽  
Luc Gaudiller ◽  
Simon Chesne ◽  
Paul Cranga
Keyword(s):  
Disturbance Rejection ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Active System ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New Generation

This paper considers the control of a helicopter gearbox electromagnetic suspension for a complete multibody model of the structure. As the new generation of helicopters includes variable engine RPM during flight, it becomes relevant to add active control in their suspension systems. Most of active system performances derive directly from the controller construction, its optimization to the system controlled and the disturbances expected. An investigation on a FXLMS control algorithm has been made to optimize it in terms of narrow band disturbance rejection. In this paper an active suspension based on DAVI principle is evaluated. Firstly, a multibody model is set up to estimate realistic acceleration levels inside the cabin. Then multiple controllers are tested, minimizing vibrations on different parts of the helicopter structure. The simulations tend to prove that it is possible to implement an effective active suspension with a low power actuator and obtain a significant vibration reduction level for a frequency bandwidth centered at the natural frequency of the original DAVI.

scholarly journals A Noise-Insensitive Semi-Active Air Suspension for Heavy-Duty Vehicles with an Integrated Fuzzy-Wheelbase Preview Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengchao Xie ◽  
Pak Kin Wong ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Ka In Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Front Axle ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
The Road ◽  
Air Suspension ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

Semi-active air suspension is increasingly used on heavy-duty vehicles due to its capabilities of consuming less power and low cost and providing better ride quality. In this study, a new low cost but effective approach, fuzzy-wheelbase preview controller with wavelet denoising filter (FPW), is developed for semi-active air suspension system. A semi-active suspension system with a rolling lobe air spring is firstly modeled and a novel front axle vertical acceleration-based road prediction model is constructed. By adopting a sensor on the front axle, the road prediction model can predict more reliable road information for the rear wheel. After filtering useless signal noise, the proposed FPW can generate a noise-insensitive control damping force. Simulation results show that the ride quality, the road holding, the handling capability, the road friendliness, and the comprehensive performance of the semi-active air suspension with FPW outperform those with the traditional active suspension with PID-wheelbase preview controller (APP). It can also be seen that, with the addition of the wavelet filter, the impact of sensor noise on the suspension performance can be minimized.

scholarly journals An Overview of Lean Exhaust deNOx Aftertreatment Technologies and NOx Emission Regulations in the European Union

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Tommaso Selleri ◽  
Anastasios D. Melas ◽  
Ameya Joshi ◽  
Dario Manara ◽  
Adolfo Perujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

This paper reviews the recent advances in the management of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from the internal combustion engine of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, addressing both technical and legal aspects. Particular focus is devoted to the often-virtuous interaction between new legislation imposing more restrictions on the permitted pollutant emission levels and new technologies developed in order to meet these restrictions. The review begins first with the American and then European directives promulgated in the 1970s, aimed at limiting emissions of pollutants from road transport vehicles. Particular attention is paid to the introduction of the Euro standards in the European Union for light- and heavy-duty vehicles, used as a legal and time frame reference for the evolution of emission aftertreatment systems (ATSs). The paper also describes governmental approaches implemented for the control of pollutant emissions in circulating vehicles, such as market surveillance and in-service conformity. In parallel, it is explained how the gradual introduction of small-scale devices aimed at the NOx control, such as lean NOx traps (LNTs) systems, and, most of all, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, permitted the application to road-transport vehicles of this ATS, originally designed in larger sizes for industrial usage. The paper reviews chemical processes occurring in SCR systems and their advantages and drawbacks with respect to the pollutant emission limits imposed by the legislation. Their potential side effects are also addressed, such as the emission of extra, not-yet regulated pollutants such as, for example, NH3 and N2O. The NOx, N2O, and NH3 emission level evolution with the various Euro standards for both light- and heavy-duty vehicles are reported in the light of experimental data obtained at the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre. It is observed that the new technologies, boosted by increasingly stricter legal limits, have led in the last two decades to a clear decrease of over one order of magnitude of NOx emissions in Diesel light-duty vehicles, bringing them to the same level as Euro 6 gasoline vehicles (10 mg/km to 20 mg/km in average). On the other hand, an obvious increase in the emissions of both NH3 and N2O is observed in both Diesel and gasoline light-duty vehicles, whereby NH3 emissions in spark-ignition vehicles are mainly linked to two-reaction mechanisms occurring in three-way catalysts after the catalyst light-off and during engine rich-operation. NH3 emissions measured in recent Euro 6 light-duty vehicles amount to a few mg/km for both gasoline and Diesel engines, whereby N2O emissions exceeding a dozen mg/km have been observed in Diesel vehicles only. The present paper can be regarded as part of a general assessment in view of the next EU emission standards, and a discussion on the role the SCR technology may serve as a NOx emission control strategy from lean-burn vehicles.

Reducing Particulate Matter and Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles: The Urban Bus Case

1998 ◽  
Vol 1641 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schimek
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Transit Buses ◽  
Urban Bus ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles ◽  
Transit Bus

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments mandated stricter emissions standards for heavy-duty vehicles. One category of heavy-duty vehicles, urban transit buses, constitutes a highly visible source of pollutant emissions and must meet even more stringent standards. In response, engine manufacturers have produced diesel engines that produce virtually no black smoke and emit several times less particulate matter (PM) than older engines. The tighter PM emissions standards that apply to urban transit buses only were found to be cost-effective ($4,600 to $6,300 per Mg of PM reduced) compared with other control strategies. The Urban Bus Retrofit/Rebuild Program was found to be somewhat less cost-effective ($6,900 to $42,000 per Mg). Both of these programs could be extended to other heavy-duty vehicles. However, the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in transit buses was found to have a costeffectiveness of $0.9 million to $1.8 million per Mg of PM. Replacing older diesel engines with low-emission diesels is the most cost-effective way to reduce transit bus emissions. By purchasing more clean diesels instead of fewer cleaner CNG buses, transit agencies can produce greater reductions in fleetwide emissions. In fact, the transit agency in this study with the most alternative-fuel buses has the highest fleetwide PM emissions rate. It is premature to expand the alternative-fuel transit bus fleet beyond the experimental level. Regulatory policy should be reassessed as the understanding of the link between diesel emissions and health effects improves.

A novel approach to design and control of an active suspension using linear pump control–based hydraulic system

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 1224-1248
Author(s):  
Jeongwoo Lee ◽  
Kwangseok Oh ◽  
Kyongsu Yi
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Linear Motor ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Active Suspension Systems ◽  
Actuator System ◽  
And Control

This paper presents a novel design and control method of an active suspension system using a linear pump control–based hydraulic system for a cost-effective application. Various active suspension systems have been proposed and applied to vehicles due to its ability to improve ride comfort and handling performance even though these active suspension systems are not popular because of their complexity, high cost, heavyweight, and low power efficiency. A new type of active suspension actuator system was designed and validated herein based on the methods of actuator sizing and modified control scheme to address the aforementioned issues. System power capability has been analyzed under various dynamics and road conditions. Active suspension actuator components have been designed based on the results. The electro-hydraulic system is powered by a battery to reduce the energy consumption of the system; hence, it is operated by torque on demand. A double-acting linear hydraulic motor pump with a dual rack and pinion has been proposed for hydraulic force control with a simple on/off switch operation. The actuator force has been controlled by continuous linear motor pump displacement control via torque control using a three-phase synchronous brushless alternative current motor. Dynamic performance evaluation of the actuator system has been conducted using AMESIM and actual rig test. Active height and roll control algorithms for the enhancement of vehicle dynamics considering actuator dynamics have also been developed and validated through the rig and real vehicle tests. The evaluation results showed that the linear motor pump–based active suspension system performs as well as the previous complicated hydraulic active suspension system. The new active system proposed in this study was able to improve the vehicle dynamics using cost-effective actuation system significantly.

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