Production of Synthetic Petroleum Fuel Through the Absorption of Atmospheric CO2

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Pothier ◽  
David Chichka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Nickel Catalyst ◽  
Cobalt Catalyst ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Hydrogen Generator ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Petroleum Fuel ◽  
One Year

This paper describes a theoretical device called a Petroleum Synthesizer, which absorbs the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converts it into a synthetic petroleum fuel. The device has four parts: First, a CO2 Scrubber using sodium carbonate reversibly absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Simultaneously, a Hydrogen Generator separates water electrolytically to produce hydrogen (H2). Third, a Carbon Monoxide Generator mixes the H2 and the CO2 over a nickel catalyst, changing the constituents into carbon monoxide (CO) and water. Finally, the CO and additional H2 are combined in a cobalt-catalyst Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) Processor to produce gaseous and liquid petroleum products. Calculations show that one watt of electricity supplied for one year would allow the Synthesizer to create 0.420 kg of petroleum products, and absorb 1.314 kg of CO2 from the atmosphere. An acre of solar voltaic panels powering Synthesizers could produce 46,000 kg, or about 14,000 gallons, of petroleum products per acre per year, and absorb 140,000 kg of CO2. By contrast, an acre of corn produces less than 400 gallons of ethanol per year.

Utilization of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide for cleaner Fischer-Tropsch diesel production

2019 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 1013-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Bahri ◽  
Anna Maria Venezia ◽  
Sreedevi Upadhyayula
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Diesel Production

Methanation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide over nickel catalyst under the transient state

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fujita ◽  
H. Terunuma ◽  
H. Kobayashi ◽  
N. Takezawa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nickel Catalyst ◽  
Transient State

Modeling and optimization of Fischer-Tropsch petroleum products on silica-cobalt catalyst in Fix bed reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Hossein Atashi ◽  
Kousar Dinarvandi ◽  
Hanieh Zarintorang ◽  
A. A. Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Cobalt Catalyst ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Modeling And Optimization

Molybdenum carbide catalyst for the reduction of CO2 to CO: surface science aspects by NAPPES and catalysis studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (32) ◽  
pp. 12199-12209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasala Prabhakar Reddy ◽  
Srikanth Dama ◽  
Nitin B. Mhamane ◽  
Manoj K. Ghosalya ◽  
Thirumalaiswamy Raja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Surface Science ◽  
Molybdenum Carbide ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, and needs to be converted into one of the useful feedstocks, such as carbon monoxide and methanol.

Steam Methane Reforming of Natural Gas with Substantial Carbon Dioxide Contents – Process Optimization for Gas-to-Liquid Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahab Maqbool ◽  
Sang Jin Park ◽  
Euy Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Gas To Liquid

Steam methane reforming has been a conventional process to produce synthesis gas which is an important feedstock to many chemicals. However, for gas to liquid (GTL) applications this reforming process is not suitable as it produces synthesis gas with very high hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio than required by the Fischer Tropsch synthesis in GTL line. In this work, a GTL process is designed in which synthesis gas is produced by steam reforming from a natural gas feedstock containing relatively substantial carbon dioxide contents in it. Synthesis gas composition is tailored by tail gas recycling from the Fischer Tropsch products. Process simulation and optimization is performed on Aspen HYSYS to produce synthesis gas with hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of 2 which is desired in GTL technology.

A Local Proton Source Enhances CO2Electroreduction to CO by a Molecular Fe Catalyst

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 338 (6103) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrille Costentin ◽  
Samuel Drouet ◽  
Marc Robert ◽  
Jean-Michel Savéant
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Conversion ◽  
Fe Catalyst ◽  
Proton Source ◽  
Commodity Chemicals ◽  
Earth Abundant

Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) is a potentially useful step in the desirable transformation of the greenhouse gas to fuels and commodity chemicals. We have found that modification of iron tetraphenylporphyrin through the introduction of phenolic groups in all ortho and ortho′ positions of the phenyl groups considerably speeds up catalysis of this reaction by the electrogenerated iron(0) complex. The catalyst, which uses one of the most earth-abundant metals, manifests a CO faradaic yield above 90% through 50 million turnovers over 4 hours of electrolysis at low overpotential (0.465 volt), with no observed degradation. The basis for the enhanced activity appears to be the high local concentration of protons associated with the phenolic hydroxyl substituents.

Low-temperature partial oxidation of ethanol on Ni/ZnO catalyst

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
N. V. Lapin ◽  
V. V. Grinko ◽  
V. S. Bezhok ◽  
A. F. Vyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Nickel Catalyst ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Metallic Nickel ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Oxidation Of Ethanol

The paper investigates the partial oxidation of ethanol process in a quartz microreactor at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 300–450 °C on a nickel catalyst (20 wt%) deposited on zinc oxide. Rectified ethanol (an azeotropic mixture of 95.6 wt.% ethanol and 4.4 wt.% water) is fed into the reactor at a rate of 0.4–1.3 g / hour by a peristaltic pump, first into the evaporator, and then as a gas phase into the reactor. Air is used as a source of oxygen which is supplied by an air pump to the reactor and its flow is controlled by a rotameter so that the oxygen-ethanol molar ratio varied between 0.45 and 2.0. The nickel catalyst is prepared by impregnating industrial zinc oxide powder with nickel nitrate, followed by calcination and reduction of nickel oxide to metallic nickel. Analysis of gaseous products is performed on a Tsvet-500 gas chromatograph. The detector is a katharometer.A catalyst Ni/ZnO developed earlier is shown to have high efficiency in the partial oxidation of ethanol at low temperatures. The main products of this process are hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and dioxide. With an increase in the oxygen-ethanol molar ratio, the hydrogen content in the products of the process decreases (from 60 to 25 vol.%), carbon dioxide, on the contrary, increases (26 to 65 vol.%). The hydrogen yield is 1 mol per 1 mol of ethanol at a temperature of 450 °C.Carbon monoxide is observed with a low ratio of oxygen-ethanol (up to 0.85). With a higher ratio, carbon monoxide is absent in the entire temperature range studied. The conversion of ethanol proceeds intensively and already at a temperature of 450 °C ethanol is converted almost completely. A high methane content (20–30% vol.%) in reforming products indicates that the initial stage of the process is the oxidation of ethanol followed by decomposition of the resulting acetaldehyde into methane and carbon monoxide.The insignificant water content in the supply mixture leads to an almost complete absence of a shift reaction. Carbon monoxide is then oxidized with oxygen to carbon dioxide. The reduced methane content in comparison with the process of water-steam ethanol reforming can be explained by its partial oxidation to carbon dioxide, which explains the high content of the latter in reforming products. 

Comparison of Bio-Fischer-Tropsch Fuel and Commercial Diesel Fuel Application in a 1600 CC Euro 5 Diesel Engine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Suldrup Nielsen ◽  
Jesper Schramm ◽  
Anders Ivarsson ◽  
Azhar Malik ◽  
Terese Løvås
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Operating Range

A direct injected and turbocharged Euro 5 diesel engine has been set up in a test bench where the vehicle driving conditions of the European NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) test can be simulated. The engine is operated as the engine of a corresponding vehicle, equipped with a similar engine and driving through the NEDC cycle. The regulated gaseous emissions, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, as well as particulate numbers and size distributions where measured in 5 selected steady state operating points during the engine test. Fuel consumptions and carbon dioxide emissions where measured as well. The steady state operating conditions were chosen within the engine operating range during a vehicle NEDC test and representing as broad an operating range as possible during the NEDC test. A method is presented in which the NEDC test emissions are calculated from the 5 steady state measurements. It is shown that the method gives emission results that agree well with values that can be expected from the vehicle in question during an NEDC test. In this way a limited number of steady state measurements can be used to simulate vehicle emissions. The reason for carrying out engine experiments instead of vehicle measurements was to obtain well controlled engine conditions and thus better insight in the operation of the engine in the individual phases of operation, and thereby enable evaluation of the possibilities for improving engine performance with respect to emission and fuel consumption reduction. Two different fuels where tested. These were a Fischer-Tropsch fuel, produced from biomass at the Güssing gasification plant in Austria and a commercial diesel from a fuel station in Denmark. The results of the measurements and engine modification considerations showed that bio Fischer-Tropsch fuel does have advantages with respect to particulate and also small advantages with carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions. However, NOx emissions are rather a question of the injection timing of the fuel, and the NOx emissions can be adjusted to give the same level of emissions by changing the injection timing with ordinary diesel. The injection strategy was changed in order to attempt to reduce NOx emissions below the limits in the Euro 6 regulations.

The Effects of Biogas Fuel in an Electric Generator on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Power Output, and Fuel Consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-958
Author(s):  
Isaac N. Itodo ◽  
Dorcas K. Yakubu ◽  
Theresa K. Kaankuka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract. The rising cost of fossil fuels, global warming from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, unreliable grid supply electricity, and overdependence on hydropower electricity have resulted in low electricity per capita in Nigeria. This study was undertaken to produce, purify, and use biogas as a fuel to generate electricity with a 3.5 kW spark-ignition engine generator and determine its effect on GHG emissions, power output, and fuel consumption. Unpurified and purified biogas were used as fuels. The biogas was purified in water and in a calcium chloride solution. The fuels used to power the generator were gasoline, unpurified biogas, water-purified biogas, and calcium chloride-purified biogas. The GHGs measured were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide. The biogas was produced with a 3 m3 capacity floating-drum biogas plant. The total solids concentration and carbon/nitrogen ratio of the influent and effluent slurries were determined. The effects of fuel type on GHG emissions were determined in a 4 × 4 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The effects of fuel type on power output and fuel consumption of the generator were determined in a 4 × 2 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance at p = 0.05. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate means when there was significant difference. The results obtained showed that carbon dioxide emission was not affected by purification of the biogas because the carbon dioxide emissions from the fuel types were not significantly different. The carbon monoxide emission was much higher from the unpurified biogas than from the purified biogas fuels, although gasoline had the highest carbon monoxide emission. The water-purified biogas had the least carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. The unpurified biogas had the least nitrogen oxide emission compared to the purified biogas fuels and gasoline. The power output from the unpurified biogas was not significantly different from that of gasoline and was higher than the purified biogas fuels. The fuel consumptions of the purified biogas fuels were not significantly different. The water-purified biogas is recommended for use as fuel for the production of electricity from a spark-ignition engine generator. Keywords: Biogas, Effects, Electricity, Fuel consumption, Greenhouse gas emissions, Power output.

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