Molybdenum carbide catalyst for the reduction of CO2 to CO: surface science aspects by NAPPES and catalysis studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (32) ◽  
pp. 12199-12209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasala Prabhakar Reddy ◽  
Srikanth Dama ◽  
Nitin B. Mhamane ◽  
Manoj K. Ghosalya ◽  
Thirumalaiswamy Raja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Surface Science ◽  
Molybdenum Carbide ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, and needs to be converted into one of the useful feedstocks, such as carbon monoxide and methanol.

Production of Synthetic Petroleum Fuel Through the Absorption of Atmospheric CO2

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Pothier ◽  
David Chichka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Nickel Catalyst ◽  
Cobalt Catalyst ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Hydrogen Generator ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Petroleum Fuel ◽  
One Year

This paper describes a theoretical device called a Petroleum Synthesizer, which absorbs the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converts it into a synthetic petroleum fuel. The device has four parts: First, a CO2 Scrubber using sodium carbonate reversibly absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Simultaneously, a Hydrogen Generator separates water electrolytically to produce hydrogen (H2). Third, a Carbon Monoxide Generator mixes the H2 and the CO2 over a nickel catalyst, changing the constituents into carbon monoxide (CO) and water. Finally, the CO and additional H2 are combined in a cobalt-catalyst Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) Processor to produce gaseous and liquid petroleum products. Calculations show that one watt of electricity supplied for one year would allow the Synthesizer to create 0.420 kg of petroleum products, and absorb 1.314 kg of CO2 from the atmosphere. An acre of solar voltaic panels powering Synthesizers could produce 46,000 kg, or about 14,000 gallons, of petroleum products per acre per year, and absorb 140,000 kg of CO2. By contrast, an acre of corn produces less than 400 gallons of ethanol per year.

Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Reduction of CO2 to CO with Chloro(methyl)disilane Components from the Direct Process

Synlett ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (18) ◽  
pp. 2439-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Jensen ◽  
Troels Skrydstrup ◽  
Mathias Flinker ◽  
Sara Lopez ◽  
Dennis Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Dft Calculations ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Direct Process ◽  
Industrial Synthesis ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Fluoride Salts ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

Three disilanes, (CH3)3SiSi(CH3)3, Cl(CH3)2SiSi(CH3)2Cl, and Cl2(CH3)SiSi(CH3)Cl2, all representing components of the Direct Process residue for the industrial synthesis of chloromethylsilanes, were evaluated for their abilities to reduce carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide upon treatment with fluoride salts. In particular, Cl(CH3)2SiSi(CH3)2Cl proved to be highly efficient upon the use of stoichiometric amounts of potassium bifluoride. DFT calculations performed on the reduction steps with (CH3)3SiSi(CH3)3 and fluorinated analogues of this disilane suggest that the previously proposed pathway involving an intermediate silacarboxylic acid is plausible.

Highly selective and efficient reduction of CO2 to CO on cadmium electrodes derived from cadmium hydroxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (43) ◽  
pp. 5450-5453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbiao Shi ◽  
Dan Shao ◽  
Jianling Zhang ◽  
Dongxing Tan ◽  
Xiuniang Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Efficient Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Cadmium Electrode

A non-noble cadmium electrode was synthesized via an electrolysis strategy, which can electroreduce carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide with high selectivity and efficiency.

A Local Proton Source Enhances CO2Electroreduction to CO by a Molecular Fe Catalyst

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 338 (6103) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrille Costentin ◽  
Samuel Drouet ◽  
Marc Robert ◽  
Jean-Michel Savéant
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Conversion ◽  
Fe Catalyst ◽  
Proton Source ◽  
Commodity Chemicals ◽  
Earth Abundant

Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) is a potentially useful step in the desirable transformation of the greenhouse gas to fuels and commodity chemicals. We have found that modification of iron tetraphenylporphyrin through the introduction of phenolic groups in all ortho and ortho′ positions of the phenyl groups considerably speeds up catalysis of this reaction by the electrogenerated iron(0) complex. The catalyst, which uses one of the most earth-abundant metals, manifests a CO faradaic yield above 90% through 50 million turnovers over 4 hours of electrolysis at low overpotential (0.465 volt), with no observed degradation. The basis for the enhanced activity appears to be the high local concentration of protons associated with the phenolic hydroxyl substituents.

Electrochemical approaches to alleviation of the problem of carbon dioxide accumulation

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1917-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
V. Montiel ◽  
D. A. Tryk ◽  
A. Aldaz ◽  
A. Fujishima
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Accumulation ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

The electrochemical reduction of CO2, which includes a number of different specific approaches, may show promise as a means to help slow down the accumulation of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Two types of approaches are examined briefly here. First, CO2 can be used as a reagent in the electrocarboxylation reaction to produce organic carboxylic acids, for example, the pharmaceutical ibuprofen. Second, CO2 can be converted to a fuel, either directly or via synthesis gas. The latter can be produced with reasonably good energy efficiency in a gas-diffusion, electrode-based cell even at present with existing electrocatalysts. Oxygen gas is produced as a by-product. Further work is needed to improve the selectivity and efficiency in this and other approaches.

The Effects of Biogas Fuel in an Electric Generator on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Power Output, and Fuel Consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-958
Author(s):  
Isaac N. Itodo ◽  
Dorcas K. Yakubu ◽  
Theresa K. Kaankuka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract. The rising cost of fossil fuels, global warming from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, unreliable grid supply electricity, and overdependence on hydropower electricity have resulted in low electricity per capita in Nigeria. This study was undertaken to produce, purify, and use biogas as a fuel to generate electricity with a 3.5 kW spark-ignition engine generator and determine its effect on GHG emissions, power output, and fuel consumption. Unpurified and purified biogas were used as fuels. The biogas was purified in water and in a calcium chloride solution. The fuels used to power the generator were gasoline, unpurified biogas, water-purified biogas, and calcium chloride-purified biogas. The GHGs measured were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide. The biogas was produced with a 3 m3 capacity floating-drum biogas plant. The total solids concentration and carbon/nitrogen ratio of the influent and effluent slurries were determined. The effects of fuel type on GHG emissions were determined in a 4 × 4 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The effects of fuel type on power output and fuel consumption of the generator were determined in a 4 × 2 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance at p = 0.05. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate means when there was significant difference. The results obtained showed that carbon dioxide emission was not affected by purification of the biogas because the carbon dioxide emissions from the fuel types were not significantly different. The carbon monoxide emission was much higher from the unpurified biogas than from the purified biogas fuels, although gasoline had the highest carbon monoxide emission. The water-purified biogas had the least carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. The unpurified biogas had the least nitrogen oxide emission compared to the purified biogas fuels and gasoline. The power output from the unpurified biogas was not significantly different from that of gasoline and was higher than the purified biogas fuels. The fuel consumptions of the purified biogas fuels were not significantly different. The water-purified biogas is recommended for use as fuel for the production of electricity from a spark-ignition engine generator. Keywords: Biogas, Effects, Electricity, Fuel consumption, Greenhouse gas emissions, Power output.

scholarly journals A Binuclear Cobalt Complex for Molecular CO2 Electrocatalysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Bohn ◽  
Juan José Moreno ◽  
Pierre Thuéry ◽  
Marc Robert ◽  
Orestes Rivada Wheelaghan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Cobalt Complex ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
Electron Reduction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

A pyrazole–based ligand substituted with terpyridine groups at the 3 and 5positions has been synthesized to form the dinuclear cobalt complex 1, that electrocatalytically reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of Brønsted acids in DMF. Chemical, electrochemical and UV–vis spectro–electrochemical studies under inert atmosphere indicate a single 2 electron reduction process of complex 1 at first, followed by a 1 electron reduction at the ligand. Infrared spectro–electrochemical studies under CO2 and CO atmosphere allowed us to identify a reduced CO–containing dicobalt complex which results from the electroreduction of CO2. In the presence of trifluoroethanol (TFE), electrocatalytic studies revealed single–site mechanism with up to 94 % selectivity towards CO formation when 1.47 M TFE were present, at –1.35 V vs Saturated Calomel Electrode in DMF (0.39 V overpotential). The low faradaic efficiencies obtained (<50%) are attributed to the generation of CO–containing species formed during the electrocatalytic process, which inhibit the reduction of CO2.

Synergistic effect of phosphomolybdic acid on rhodium-based metal-organic frameworks for the efficient selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurong Shan ◽  
Dexiang Liu ◽  
Chunyan Xu ◽  
Peng Zhan ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Phosphomolybdic Acid ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Spherical Structure ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

In this work, PMA@NH2-MIL-68(Rh) with a mangosteen spherical structure was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. The electronic structure and morphology of the...

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