Evaluation of Head Injury Criteria Under Different Impact Loading

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Saboori ◽  
Shahab Mansoor-Baghaei ◽  
Ali M. Sadegh
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Head Injury Criteria ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Peak Value

The Head Injury Criterion (HIC) has been employed as a measure of traumatic brain injury arising from an impact involving linear acceleration. Some investigators have been reported the shortcomings of the HIC regarding the angular accelerations, head mass and the precise threshold of injury level [1, 2]. In this study the effect of acceleration curves, as a frontal impact, and the HIC values on the strain in the brain was critically analyzed. Specifically in this paper, the strains in the brain for three sets of acceleration pulses, where the peak of the curve takes place early or later (advanced or delayed) during the pulse time, were investigated. The results of this study indicate that for two different acceleration pulses, with the same peak value, duration and the same HIC values the strains in the brain are different. Therefore there is a need for further research leading to better criteria or modification of the HIC as it relates to the Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

scholarly journals Limiting Performance of Helmets for the Prevention of Head Injury

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 299-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.Q. Cheng ◽  
W.D. Pilkey ◽  
J.R. Crandall ◽  
C.R. Bass ◽  
K. Darvish
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Bicycle Helmets ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Head Injury Criteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

This is a study of the theoretical optimal (limiting) performance of helmets for the prevention of head injury. A rigid head injury model and a two-mass translational head injury model are employed. Several head injury criteria are utilized, including head acceleration, the head injury criterion (HIC), the energy imparted to the brain which is related to brain injury, and the power developed in the skull that is associated with skull fracture. A helmeted head hitting a rigid surface and a helmeted head hit by a moving object such as a ball are considered. The optimal characteristics of helmets and the impact responses of the helmeted head are investigated computationally. An experiment is conducted on an ensemble of bicycle helmets. Computational results are compared with the experimental results.

A biomechanical analysis of traumatic brain injury for slips and falls from height

Trauma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Post ◽  
Karen Taylor ◽  
T Blaine Hoshizaki ◽  
Susan Brien ◽  
Michael D Cusimano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Protective Devices ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Injury Outcomes

Background Falls are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in society, particularly among the aged and young. There has been research to describe the epidemiology of these types of events, but to date there has been few correlations of clinical brain injury outcomes and metrics used in biomechanical research; parameters often used to help develop protective devices and environments. The purpose of this research was to examine the kinematic characteristics of falls from standing and higher heights in an effort to understand how clinical brain injury is predicted by biomechanical injury metrics. Methods Computer simulations of nine traumatic brain injury events from falling were conducted to determine the biomechanical metrics associated with each injury case. Results Many of the impacts were to the occipital region of the head, as would be expected from backward falls or from slipping from ladders. These falls resulted in low rotational acceleration values and high linear accelerations, suggesting linear acceleration may be an important characteristic of this injury mechanism. In addition, even though each case resulted in severe head injury, the HIC15 (Head Injury Criterion) values did not consistently predict injury when the kinematic output was lower than 300 g. This result suggests that HIC15 may have limited value as a predictor for high energy short duration direct impacts to the head. The results supported a relationship between fall height and duration of loss of consciousness, with the higher fall heights producing longer times of unconsciousness. Conclusion Linear acceleration may be the metric that should be focused on to develop further strategies to protect against severe TBI for fall cases similar to those in this research. In addition, the HIC15 may not be suitable as a predictive metric for TBI and future development of protective devices for the prevention of head injury should take this into account.

Performance of Hood System and Head Injury Criteria Subjected to Frontal Impacts

2012 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mai Nursherida ◽  
Sahari B. Barkawi ◽  
A.A. Nuraini ◽  
Aidy Ali ◽  
A.A. Faieza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Head Injury Criteria ◽  
Protective Performance

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of steel and composite material on pedestrian head injury criteria of hood system. The hood is made of mild steel and aluminum, e-glass/epoxy composite and carbon epoxy composite are studied and characterized by impact modeling using LS-DYNA V971 in accordance with United States New Car Assessment Program (US-NCAP) frontal impact velocity and based on European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee. The most important variable of this structure are mass, material, internal energy, and Head Injury Criterion (HIC). The results are compared with hood made of mild steel. Three types of materials are used which consists of mild steel as reference materials, Aluminum AA5182, E-glass/epoxy composite and carbon fiber/epoxy composite with four different fiber configurations. The in-plane failure behaviors of the composites were evaluated by using Tsai Wu failure criterion. The results for the composite materials are compared to that of steel to find the best material with lowest HIC values. In order to evaluate the protective performance of the baseline hood, the Finite Element models of 50th percentile an adult pedestrian dummy is used in parallel to impact the hood. It was found that aluminum AA5182 hood can reduce the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) by comparing with the baseline hood. For pedestrian crash, it is observed that Aluminum AA5182 hood gave the lowest HIC value with 549.70 for HIC15 and 883.00 for HIC36 followed by steel hood with 657.40 for HIC15 and 980.90 for HIC36, e-glass/epoxy composite hood with 639.60 for HIC15 and 921.70 for HIC36 and carbon/epoxy composite hood with 1197.00 for HIC15 and 1424.00 for HIC36.

FOCUS Headform Testing Used to Evaluate Head Injury Risk for Ejected Riders of Personal Watercraft

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimba Mkandawire ◽  
Eric S. Winkel ◽  
Nicholas A. White ◽  
Edward Schatz
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Skull Fractures ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Facial Skull ◽  
Personal Watercraft ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Operators of personal watercraft (PWC) can perform maneuvers that may result in riders separating from the moving watercraft; the tested hypothesis was whether substantial brain injury concurrent with substantial facial and skull fractures can occur from contact with the PWC during a fall. The present study reports the potential for AIS2+ facial/skull fractures and AIS2+ traumatic brain injury (TBI) during a generic fall from the PWC in the absence of wave-jumping or other aggressive maneuvers. While it is well known that PWC can be used for wave-jumping which can result in more severe impacts, such impacts are beyond the scope of the present study because of the wide variability in occupant and PWC kinematics and possible impact velocities and orientations. Passenger separation and fall kinematics from both seated and standing positions were analyzed to estimate head impact velocities and possible impact locations on the PWC. A special purpose headform, known as the Facial and Ocular CountermeasUre Safety (FOCUS) device was used to evaluate the potential for facial fractures, skull fractures and TBI. Impacts between the FOCUS headform and the PWC were performed at velocities of 8, 10, and 12 miles per hour at 5 locations near the stern of a PWC. This study reports impact forces for various facial areas, linear and angular head accelerations, and Head Injury Criteria (HIC). The risk for facial fracture and TBI are reported herein. The results of this study indicate that concurrent AIS2 facial fractures, AIS2+ skull fractures, and AIS2+ TBI do not occur during a simple fall from a PWC.

scholarly journals Effect of Football Size and Mass in Youth Football Head Impacts

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Marcus Dunn ◽  
Dyfan Davies ◽  
John Hart
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Association Football ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

In youth association football, the use of different size and/or mass footballs might represent a feasible intervention for addressing heading impact severity and player safety concerns. This study assessed the effects of football size and mass on head impacts based on defensive heading in youth football. Three-dimensional trajectories of U16 youth academy free kicks were modelled to derive three impact trajectories, representing defensive heading in youth football. Three football models (standard: S5, standard-light: S5L, and small: S4) impacted an instrumented headform; Head Injury Criterion (HIC15) and Rotational Injury Criterion (RIC15) were calculated. For headform impacts, S4 and S5L footballs yielded lower HIC15 magnitudes than S5 footballs. Further, S4 footballs yielded lower HIC15 and lower RIC15 magnitudes than S5 and S5L footballs. Initial findings indicated that smaller, S4 footballs reduced linear and rotational head injury criteria for impacts representative of defensive heading in youth football.

scholarly journals Animal Models of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin A. Keith ◽  
Jason H. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Recurrent Seizure ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Post Traumatic Epilepsy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Traumatic Epilepsy

Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with the incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy increasing with the severity of the head injury. Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is defined as a recurrent seizure disorder secondary to trauma to the brain and has been described as one of the most devastating complications associated with TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury). The goal of this review is to characterize current animal models of PTE and provide succinct protocols for the development of each of the currently available animal models. The development of translational and effective animal models for post-traumatic epilepsy is critical in both elucidating the underlying pathophysiology associated with PTE and providing efficacious clinical breakthroughs in the management of PTE.

scholarly journals Influence of Concomitant Injuries on Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
Shamantha Afreen ◽  
Al Amin Salek
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in trauma patients. Patients with TBI frequently sustain concomitant injuries in extra cranial regions. The effect of severe extracranial injury (SEI) on the outcome of TBI is controversial. We retrospectively enrolled 129 patients with head injury Total patients were dichotomized into isolated TBI (n = 90) and TBI associated with SEI (n = 39). The differences in severity and outcome between these two groups were analyzed. Mortality was 8.89 % in the isolated TBI group and 20.28 % in TBI with SEI group (P = 0.0719), but the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in terms of Good Recovery (GR) was more in the isolated TBI group (P = 0.0004). Adjusting for age, GCS, and length of hospital stay, SEI was a strong prognostic factor for mortality. It is important to manage not only the brain but the whole body in the treatment of TBI patients with SEI. Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2020; 8(1): 24-28

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