Technology for Conversion of Computer Tomography Results into Three-Dimensional Models

The development relates to information technology and can be used to process medical images. This task is achieved by the fact that DICOM files containing the results of computed tomography of the human head are subject to correction. They change the color of the pixels at the transition points from black to gray or vice versa, and also replace the black pixel with white. As a result, the percentage of loss of information about small bones is reduced from 22-31 % to 3-5 %, and, therefore, the accuracy of the three-dimensional model of the facial skull of the human head is increased. All this contributes to a significant improvement in the quality of facial surgery.

THE EFFECTIVESS OF EVALUATION OF OSTEOPATHIC SUPPORT OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM THE DISTURBED OCCLUSION AT THE DENTAL ALVEOLAR LEVEL

The eff ectiveness of simultaneous use of braces and methods of osteopathic correction was evaluated while treating 48 patients suff ering from occlusion disorders at the dental alveolar level. The indicators of osteopathic status, situational anxiety, and satisfaction with the aesthetic result of treatment were studied. It was found that the most typical somatic dysfunctions were the dysfunctions of the bones of the skull base, facial skull, cervical spine, chest, and of internal organs of the chest and neck. The inclusion of methods of osteopathic correction in the comprehensive treatment resulted in the better mobility of the structures of the skull, cervical spine, and chest, a decreased anxiety level and, consequently, an increased satisfaction with the aesthetic result of treatment.

Sexual features of facial skull asymmetry according to spiral computed tomography

Objective: To perform a comparative analysis of the linear dimensions of the facial skull that are the most signifi cant in determining asymmetry in persons of diff erent sex on spiral computed tomograms (SCT).Materials and Methods: The CT scan of 104 people of both sexes (women – 52%, n = 54, men – 48%, n = 50) were studied. Measurements were made using a standard digital ruler of a computer tomograph workstation, and the asymmetry of the skulls was assessed using the “fan” method. The results were processed using the Excel program.Results: In the male and female series of SCT, according to the size of the intervals of sigma of linear dimensions of the facial skull, the occurrence rate of asymmetry of varying severity was determined.Conclusion: In the male series of SCT, right-sided asymmetry of the linear dimensions of the facial skull prevails in all “fans”, in the female – right-sided asymmetry in the upper and lateral “fans”, but left -sided asymmetry in the lower “fan”. Statistically signifi cant linear dimensions of the facial skull were revealed to determine the severity of asymmetry in both sexes. In the upper “fan”, these are the distances from the nasion to the zygomaxilar (N-Zm), from the nasion to the frontonazale (N-Fn), prevailing on the right in both sexes. In the lower “fan”– the distance from the supraspinal to the zygomaxilar (Ss-Zm), and in the lateral “fan” – the distance from the zygomaxilar to the frontonasal (Zm-Fn), prevailing on the right in both sexes. An insignifi cant or physiological and moderate degree of asymmetry in the size of the facial skull depending on gender was revealed, which did not require correction.

Osteonecrosis of the facial skull: clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment

The treatment of patients with bone tissue pathology takes a special place in the practice of dentists. Since the mid-1950s, bisphosphonates, stable synthetic analogs of pyrophosphate, effective in diseases accompanied by increased bone resorption, have been used in the treatment of various disorders of the bone system. The present review is aimed at summarizing the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostic features, clinical stages, therapeutic methods, prevention and treatment strategies associated with drug-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw, which may provide a reference when observing such patients and improve their quality of life in the future.

RHINOPLASTY OF POSTTRAUMATIC NOSE INJURIES

The aesthetic and functional significance of the external nose gives particular relevance to the treatment of its injuries. The social importance of the problem is caused by the widespread prevalence of nasoseptal injuries, the frequency of development ofserious post-traumatic disorders of the appearance and normal physiology of patients, and unsatisfactory results of treatment of this pathology. The pyramid of the nose is the most vulnerable and fragile part of the facial skull, therefore, fractures of the nasal bones constitute a significant proportion of all injuries of the musculoskeletal system and occupy the third place among the total number of fractures of the human skeleton, are the most common among emergency conditions of ENT organs. In the general population, patients with this pathology account for up to 0.021%.

Justification of diagnostic measures in an integrated approach to determine tactics orthodontic treatment of patients with crowded teeth in the early variable period of occlusion

Resume. The review of data of the special literature on an etiology, known modern methods of diagnostics and treatment is presented crowding of teeth during the period of variable occlusion. Key words: congestion of teeth, facial skull, etiology, diagnosis, tactics of orthodontic treatment, variable bite period

Structural features of the temporomandibular joint in patients with gnathic mesial occlusion

The aim of the study was to evaluate the structural features of the temporomandibular joint in patients with a gnatic form of mesial occlusion of the dentition. Materials and methods. In studying the structural features of the facial skull in patients with gnatic mesial occlusion, the height of the condylar process was separately evaluated in the course of the study in order to avoid the incorrect measurement of the branch height in cases of degenerative changes in the condylar process. Results. The structural features of the temporomandibular joint were determined in 50 adult patients (aged 1844 years old) using cone-beam computed tomography.Сonclusion. Patients with gnathic mesial occlusion of the asymmetric group showed identical articular spaces (anterior and posterior) in the sagittal direction on both the deviating and non-deviating sides, suggesting that the bilateral relationship between the head and fossa may be as symmetrical as in patients with symmetry. However, the axial condylar angle had a bilateral difference only among patients in the asymmetric group; namely, it was significantly greater on the side of the deviating condyle.

EVALUATION OF CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH BILATERAL CONDYLAR RETROPOSITION IN TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DYSFUNCTION

Relevance. During the dentoalveolar growth and development, the direction and growth type of facial skull play a very important role. Development of esthetical symmetry, functional relationship, and clinical disharmony depends on skull parameters. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is one of the most common diseases nowadays. That is why early identification of risk factors is among the priorities. This study aimed at evaluating occlusional and skeletal specific characteristics in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction, comparing different cephalometric findings and CT findings relating to condylar position. Materials and methods. The study included 45 individuals. The study group consisted of 26 patients with bilateral condylar retroposition. Control group was made up of 19 patients. The participants underwent clinical examination, functional testing, palpation of masticatory muscles, occlusion diagnosis by applying Baush articulating film 200,100,8 microns, cephalometric analysis: Tweed, Kim, Jarabak, Ricketts, computed tomography of temporomandibular joint. Statistical analysis was carried out by the program IBM SPSS Statistic Base v.22. Results. There were no pathological contacts during evaluation of static and dynamic occlusion, laterotrusion as «canine guidance». The patients of the test group had bilateral posterior joint fissure reduced right-median 1,96, left-median 1,81. In control group the position was right-average 2,75 and left-median 2,67 The patients in the control and test groups the indices Tweed <FMA average were 19,6°/ median 21,7°; <IMPA average 97,9°/ median 97,8°; Kim ODI median was 68,9°/73,74°; Ricketts Overbite median 2.1 mm /1,9 mm, Overjet median was 2,9 mm /2,85 mm, PM-Xi-ANS median was 44,1°/43,75°, <NPog-FH median was 91°/86,85°,<NBa-PtGn median was 91,1°/90,1°, <MeGo-FH median was 18,7°/22,4°; Jarabak <N-S-Ar average was 127,2°/125,6 °. Conclusions. In the patients with bilateral condylar retropositionm the joint fissure is reduced. Cephalometric analysis demonstrated the following: Tweed <FMA, <IMPA; Kim ODI; Ricketts Overbite, Overjet, PM-Xi-ANS, <MeGo-FH; Jarabak <N-S-Ar can not be used as diagnostic criteria of bilateral condylar retroposition. Ricketts <NPog-FH in the test group showed the mandibular retroposition, but with normal type of mandibular growth <NBa-PtGn. It can be used as one of the primary cephalometric diagnostic indicator of bilateral condylar retroposition.

Features correlations of the sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators of men of the western region of Ukraine

Expanding the theoretical knowledge of medical anthropology in the modern field of dental services is one of the main drivers of progress in the orthodontic field. The only way to successfully develop the relationship of these disciplines is to create and fill a database of normative data and search for correlations between various, both obviously related and, at first glance, completely unrelated structures of the human body. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the relationship between the linear dimensions of molars with the cephalometric parameters of practically healthy men of the first mature age, residents of the western region of Ukraine. Cone-beam computed tomography was performed in 36 practically healthy men of the first mature age, residents of the western region of Ukraine (from Rivne, Volyn, Chernivtsi, Lviv, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Ivano-Frankivsk and Zakarpattia regions) followed by odontometry research and cephalometry. Statistical processing of the results was performed in the license package “Statistica 6.1” using non-parametric Spearman’s statistics. As a result of quantitative analysis of reliable and average strength of unreliable correlations of linear computed tomographic sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators and indices of practically healthy men of the western region of Ukraine it is established that the percentage, mainly direct, reliable and average strength of unreliable correlations of linear sizes of molars with cephalometric indices and with indicators of the cerebral or facial skull is almost no different. The largest number of reliable and medium-strength unreliable correlations of linear molars sizes with cranial indices was found with vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal tooth sizes (20.5% with upper molars and 25.0% with lower molars). The highest number of reliable and medium-strength unreliable correlations of linear molars sizes with facial skull indices was found for upper molars with tooth height, crowns and root length (10.8%) and vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal dimensions (12.8%), and for lower molars – only with vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal dimensions (19.4%). The obtained data testify to the prospects of the chosen scientific direction of research, which will further improve the work of physicians in various fields of medicine, including preventive.