scholarly journals Development of a Novel Hybrid Unified Viscoplastic Constitutive Model

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Varela J. ◽  
Calvin M. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Material Constant ◽  
Inelastic Behavior ◽  
Hastelloy X ◽  
Material Constants ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Optimal Material

Hastelloy X and stainless steel 304 are alloys widely used in industrial gas turbines components, petrochemical industry and energy generation applications; In the Pressure Vessel and Piping (PVP) industries they are used in nuclear and chemical reactors, pipes and valves applications. Hastelloy X and stainless steel 304 are favored for these types of applications where elevated temperatures are preferred for better systems’ efficiencies; they are favored due to its high strength and corrosion resistance at high temperature levels. A common characteristic of these alloys, is its rate-dependent mechanical behavior which difficult the prediction of the material response for design and simulation purposes. Therefore, a precise unified viscoplastic model capable to describe Hastelloy X and stainless steel 304 behaviors under a variety of loading conditions at high temperatures is needed to allow a better and less conservative design of components. Numerous classical unified viscoplastic models have been proposed in literature, to predict the inelastic behavior of metals under extreme environments. Based on Miller and Walker classical unified constitutive models a novel hybrid unified viscoplastic constitutive model is introduced in the present work, to describe the inelastic behavior caused by creep and fatigue effects at high temperature. The presented hybrid model consists of the combination of the best aspects of Miller and Walker model constitutive equations, with the addition of a damage rate equation which provides a description of the damage evolution and rupture prediction capabilities for Hastelloy X and stainless steel 304. A detailed explanation on the meaning of each material constant is provided, along with its impact on the hybrid model behavior. Material constants were calculated using the recently developed Material Constant Heuristic Optimizer (MACHO) software, to ensure the use of the optimal material constants values. This software uses the simulated annealing algorithm to determine the optimal material constants in a global surface, by comparing numerical simulations to an extensive database of experimental data. To validate the capabilities of the proposed hybrid model, numerical simulation results are compared to a broad range of experimental data at different stress levels and strain amplitudes; besides the consideration of two alloys in the present work, would demonstrate the model’s capabilities and flexibility to model multiple alloys behavior. Finally a quantitative analysis is provided to determine the percentage error and coefficient of determination between the experimental data and numerical simulation results to estimate the efficiency of the proposed hybrid model.

Modeling the Creep of Hastelloy X and the Fatigue of 304 Stainless Steel Using the Miller and Walker Unified Viscoplastic Constitutive Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Varela ◽  
Calvin M. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Hastelloy X ◽  
Material Constants ◽  
Viscoplastic Models

Hastelloy X (HX) and 304 stainless steel (304SS) are widely used in the pressure vessel and piping industries, specifically in nuclear and chemical reactors, pipe, and valve applications. Both alloys are favored for their resistance to extreme environments, although the materials exhibit a rate-dependent mechanical behavior. Numerous unified viscoplastic models proposed in literature claim to have the ability to describe the inelastic behavior of these alloys subjected to a variety of boundary conditions; however, typically limited experimental data are used to validate these claims. In this paper, two unified viscoplastic models (Miller and Walker) are experimentally validated for HX subjected to creep and 304SS subjected to strain-controlled low cycle fatigue (LCF). Both constitutive models are coded into ansys Mechanical as user-programmable features. Creep and fatigue behavior are simulated at a broad range of stress levels. The results are compared to an exhaustive database of experimental data to fully validate the capabilities and performance of these models. Material constants are calculated using the recently developed Material Constant Heuristic Optimizer (macho) software. This software uses the simulated annealing algorithm to determine the optimal material constants through the comparison of simulations to a database of experimental data. A qualitative and quantitative discussion is presented to determine the most suitable model to predict the behavior of HX and 304SS.

Modeling the Creep of Hastelloy X Using the Miller and Walker Unified Viscoplastic Constitutive Models

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Varela J. ◽  
Calvin M. Stewart ◽  
Ali P. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Creep Behavior ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Inelastic Behavior ◽  
Hastelloy X ◽  
Material Constants ◽  
Viscoplastic Models

Hastelloy X is widely used in the pressure vessel and piping (PVP) industries, specifically in nuclear and chemical reactors, pipes and valves applications. Hastelloy X is favored for its resistance to extreme environments, although it exhibits a rate-dependent mechanical behavior. Numerous unified viscoplastic models proposed in literature claim to have the ability to describe the inelastic behavior of superalloys subjected to a variety of boundary conditions; typically limited experimental data is used to validate their performance. In this paper, two unified viscoplastic models (Miller and Walker) were experimentally validated for Hastelloy X creep behavior. Both constitutive models are coded into ANSYS Mechanical as user programmable features (UPF). Creep behavior is simulated at a broad range of stress levels. The results are compared to an exhaustive database of experimental data to fully validate the capabilities and performance of these models. Material constants are calculated using the recently developed Material Constant Heuristic Optimizer (MACHO) software. This software uses the simulated annealing algorithm to determine the optimal material constants by using an extensive database of experimental data. A qualitative and quantitative discussion is presented to determine the most suitable model for Hastelloy X PVP components.

Determination of Material Parameters in the Chaboche Unified Viscoplasticty Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 16-19 ◽  
pp. 955-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Peng Gong ◽  
Christopher Hyde ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Thomas H. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Material Constants ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Model Predictions

An experimental programme of cyclic mechanical testing of a 316 stainless steel, at temperatures up to 600°C, under isothermal conditions, for the identification of material constitutive constants, has been carried out using a thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) test machine with induction coil heating. The constitutive model adopted is a modified Chaboche unified viscoplasticity model, which can deal with both cyclic effects, such as combined isotropic and kinematic hardening, and rate-dependent effects, associated with viscoplasticity. The characterisation of 316 stainless steel is presented and compared to results from cyclic isothermal tests. A least squares optimisation algorithm has been developed and implemented for determining the material constants in order to further improve the general fit of the model to experimental data, using the initially obtained material constants as the starting point in this optimisation process. The model predictions using both the initial and optimised material constants are compared to experimental data.

Reliability Prediction of 304 Stainless Steel Using Sine-Hyperbolic Creep-Damage Model With Monte Carlo Simulation Method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abir Hossain ◽  
Calvin Maurice Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Creep Strain ◽  
Creep Deformation ◽  
Stress Rupture ◽  
Material Constant ◽  
Creep Strain Rate ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Constants

Abstract Typically continuum damage mechanics (CDM) based constitutive models are applied deterministically where the uncertainty of experiments is not considered. This is also true for the Sine-hyperbolic (Sinh) CDM-based constitutive model where the model is calibrated to represent 50% reliability of creep data. There is a need to implement Sinh in a more stochastic manner. The objectives of this study is to incorporate the probabilistic feature in the Sinh creep damage model to reliably predict the minimum-creep-strain-rate, creep-rupture and creep deformation. This will be achieved using Monte-Carlo methods. Creep deformation data for 304 Stainless Steel is collected from literature consisting of tests conducted at 300 and 320 MPa at 600°C with five replicates. The replicate tests exhibited substantial scatter in the minimum-creep-strain-rate, stress-rupture, and overall creep deformation. Subsequently, upon calibration using the Sinh model, the material constants among the replicates varied. The trends of uncertainty carried by each material constant are studied. The interdependence of the material constants is evaluated to determine if the uncertainty carried by each material constant can be regressed using a co-dependence function. The Monte Carlo method was applied to determine the extent that the creep deformation curve varies taking into consideration the variability of the material constants. Monte Carlo simulations show that the predicted creep deformation persists within the bounds of the experimental data. A large number of Monte Carlo simulations using the Sinh model enabled the creation of credible reliability bands for the minimum-creep-strain-rate, stress-rupture, and creep deformation of 304 Stainless Steel. In future work, this statistical method will be applied to the variability of service conditions, pre-existing defects, and material constants to quantitatively establish the reliability of the Sinh model in simulating component-level creep deformation to rupture.

Characterization of micro hole on super alloy GH4037 and stainless steel 304 by millisecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1975-1987
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Rong Guan ◽  
Qunyong Zhang ◽  
Kaibo Xia ◽  
Naifei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Pulse Duration ◽  
Pulse Energy ◽  
Recast Layer ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Micro Hole ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Super Alloy

In this study, both super alloy GH4037 and stainless steel 304 were selected as experimental materials to be processed by LASERTEC 80 PowerDrill three-dimensional solid laser machining center. The structure of the micro hole was researched by 3D Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Meanwhile, The holes taper, entrance and exit ends diameter, microcrack, recast layer, orifice deposits and the heat affected zone (HAZ) were also investigated. The single factor experimental method was used to research the influences of defocusing amount, pulse energy, repetition frequency, and pulse duration on quality of micro holes. Experimental results indicated that the holes entrance and exit ends diameter enlarged with increased pulse energy from 3.4 J to 4.2 J. The entrance and exit ends diameter of holes decreased with increased pulse duration from 0.5 ms to 2.5 ms. Besides, the variation of holes diameter and taper were more obvious with repetition frequency changing from 10 Hz to 30 Hz, and variation range for the entrance and exit ends diameters and taper were not obvious with increased defocusing amount from −2 mm to 2 mm. The herein results indicated that pulse energy was one of the most significant influencing elements, and higher pulse energy could bring about lower hole taper within a certain range. Meanwhile, shorter pulse duration reduced splash and debris of holes surface. The recast layer, micro crack and HAZ were existed in the both kinds of experimental materials. Moreover, the microcrack and recast layer on holes wall of GH4037 were less than those of 304, and the HAZ in drilling hole for GH4037 was more than that of 304. The experimental results for the holes size were compared with corresponding simulation results under different defocusing amount respectively, which verified the accuracy of simulation results. Combining the above factors, the quality of micro holes drilling on super alloy GH4037 was better than stainless steel 304.

Calculations and Modeling of Material Constants in Hyperbolic-Sine Creep Model for 316 Stainless Steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Qiang Yang ◽  
He Xue ◽  
Ling Yan Zhao ◽  
Jin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Creep Rate ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Creep Model ◽  
Material Constants ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hyperbolic Sine ◽  
Predict Model ◽  
Good Agreement

The material constants calculation models for hyperbolic-sine creep model were proposed. The material constants used in hyperbolic-sine creep model for 316 stainless steel were calculated due to the models proposed and experimental data in the temperature range from 873K to 1023K. The relationships between material constants of 316 stainless steel creep model and temperature were obtained by curve fitting. The creep rate predict model of 316 stainless steel with only stress and temperature was also developed, the creep rates predicted were in good agreement with experimental data.

BEHAVIORAL MODEL OF A LINEAR VOLTAGE STABILIZER IN THE SPICE LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Malahanov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Voltage Stabilizer ◽  
Static Mode ◽  
Technical Description ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Chip Manufacturer ◽  
Linear Voltage

A variant of the implementation of the behavioral model of a linear voltage stabilizer in the Spice language is presented. The results of modeling in static mode are presented. The simulation results are compared with experimental data and technical description of the chip manufacturer.

EXPLOSIVE CLADDING OF ALUMINIUM 5052-STAINLESS STEEL 304

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanan S ◽  
Murugan G
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Interfacial Microstructure ◽  
Bend Angle ◽  
Flyer Plate ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Molten Layer ◽  
Explosive Cladding ◽  
Plate Velocity ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Loading Ratio

This study addresses the effect of process parameters viz., loading ratio (mass of explosive/mass of flyer plate) and preset angle on dynamic bend angle, collision velocity and flyer plate velocity in dissimilar explosive cladding. In addition, the variation in interfacial microstructure and mechanical strength of aluminium 5052-stainless steel 304 explosive clads is reported. The interface exhibits a characteristic undulating interface with a continuous molten layer formation. The interfacial amplitude increases with the loading ratio and preset angle. Maximum hardness is observed at regions closer to the interface

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