Energetic Assessment of a Local District Heating Network With a Small-Scale Trigeneration Plant: Comparison of Different Performance Indices

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Badami ◽  
Armando Portoraro ◽  
Dario Savarese
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thermal Generation ◽  
European Standards

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is a technology that has been proven to be very effective in the industrial sector, when both thermal and electrical energy are required, as it allows a more rational use of the input primary energy. However, CHP technology is not limited to industrial uses, as it can also be effectively exploited in the civil sector, such as in District Heating (DH) applications. Moreover, in recent years the opportunity to develop hybrid systems, in which traditional and renewable energy sources are integrated, is gaining more and more consideration. For these reasons, the most recent European Standards propose a set of newly conceived indices whose aim is easily assessing the energetic performances of DH networks, but the effectiveness of these indices in the study of DH networks coupled with CHP and renewable energy systems has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This paper presents a comparative study, based on these indices, of different electrical and thermal generation technologies, with the aim of assessing their effectiveness when hybrid systems are analyzed. A CHP-DH application, actually installed and in operation in Turin, Italy, has also been considered in the analysis, in order to have a comparison with a real case. The results of the study are presented and discussed in detail in the following sections.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Sources as a Development Opportunity for Peripheral Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-198
Author(s):  
Piotr Gradziuk ◽  
Barbara Gradziuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
The Subject

SummarySubject and purpose of work: The subject of this analysis and evaluation is the use of renewable energy sources in Poland, particularly in the Lubelskie Voivodeship, as a peripheral region. The purpose of this paper is to identify the role and evaluate the scale and effects of using renewable energy sources (RES), as well as the availability and absorption of financial resources for RES promotion.Materials and methods: The data were obtained from the Office of the Ruda-Huta Commune, the Regional Operational Programme Department of the Marshal Office of the Lubelskie Voivodeship in Lublin and the Department of European Funds of the Ministry of Energy, as well as Statistics Poland (GUS) and the literature on the subject.Results: In Poland the proportion of energy from renewable sources to the total primary energy generated increased in 2012-2018 from 11.73% to 14.46%. A new phenomenon, which has been highly significant for the development of this sector, is the use of innovative, small-scale technologies of energy generation from renewable sources, which created the foundations for the growth of a citizens’ energy sector, based on the initiative of the citizens and their communities. The use of RES contributes to reduced expenditures on the purchase of energy carriers and constitutes an effective method of implementing plans for developing a low-carbon economy and reducing low-stack emissions.Conclusions: The continuing disparities between the regions point to the need for active structural intervention to maintain economic, social and territorial cohesion, particularly in areas which are considered peripheral and have a very low GDP per capita. One of the preferred directions should be to support the use of RES.

scholarly journals The Application of Piezoelectric Sensor as Energy Harvester from Small-scale Hydropower

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 05024
Author(s):  
Hidayatul Aini Zakaria ◽  
Chan Men Loon
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flowing Water

Renewable energy technology nowadays is advancing in research and application as an alternative for non-renewable energy sources including fossil fuels and coals since it is considerably less hazardous for the environment. In recent years, many studies to harvest energy from water energy including ocean waves and hydropower has been conducted. The inherent characteristic of the piezoelectric sensor which can convert mechanical energy to electrical energy has created an alternative to generate energy from renewable sources. The main aim of this research is to harvest energy from water movements which include self-generated water waves, automated water waves, flowing water and falling water. The piezoelectric sensor used in this research is a pressure-based piezoelectric sensor which means when there is a pressure exerted on the surface, it will generate electricity. A prototype was designed and simulated by Proteus software and the prototype was fabricated for energy harvesting from water movements. In this study, four methods had been used to harvest energy from small scale hydropower where two methods are from water waves generated from a hairdryer and ultrasonic cleaner and another two methods from falling water and flowing water. The results obtained shows that harvested energy from falling water gives the best results in which it has accumulated up to 13V in the same amount of time as compared to water waves and water flow.

scholarly journals THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUE FOR THE ENERGY GENERATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE HYBRID SOLAR/WIND/DIESEL POWER SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
L. M. Abdali ◽  
Q. A. Ali ◽  
V. V. Kuvshinov ◽  
E. A. Bekirov ◽  
N. V. Korovkin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Remote Areas

The use of renewable energy sources plays an irreplaceable role in remote areas where the power grid is not available. Photovoltaic power conversion (PV) and wind power conversion are the main types of renewable energy sources used. Hybrid systems are considered the most efficient solution for remote areas that are not connected to the centralized power grid. Renewable energy is attracting the attention of researchers around the world. The main challenge is to combine the various existing sources into a single model in order to benefit from each of them, while complementing each other's disadvantages. The possibilities of managing combined hybrid systems based on renewable energy sources are currently not thoroughly studied. To increase the generation of electrical energy and reduce losses during the operation of these systems, it is necessary to conduct research aimed at improving the interactions of individual nodes of the proposed generation systems and improving the calculation methods for hybrid power plants. The integrated use of solar and wind generation systems can significantly improve energy performance and increase the generation of electrical energy. This paper proposes a method for integrating a solar photovoltaic system, a wind turbine, and a diesel generator connected to a load. An additional load is also connected to the system to absorb excess power. The hybrid system model was developed in MATLAB / Simulink. A controller based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system was developed and the system analyzed in terms of energy production and consumption. The results obtained show the degree of increase in the reliability and stability of the system.

scholarly journals Integration of Large-Scale Variable Renewable Energy Sources into the Future European Power System: On the Curtailment Challenge

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloi Syranidou ◽  
Jochen Linssen ◽  
Detlef Stolten ◽  
Martin Robinius
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Generation ◽  
Load Shifting ◽  
The Future ◽  
Variable Renewable Energy Sources

The future European power system is projected to rely heavily on variable renewable energy sources (VRES), primarily wind and solar generation. However, the difficulties inherent to storing the primary energy of these sources is expected to pose significant challenges in terms of their integration into the system. To account for the high variability of renewable energy sources VRES, a novel pan-European dispatch model with high spatio-temporal resolution including load shifting is introduced here, providing highly detailed information regarding renewable energy curtailments for all Europe, typically underestimated in studies of future systems. which also includes modeling of load shifting. The model consists of four separate levels with different approaches for modeling thermal generation flexibility, storage units and demand as well as with spatial resolutions and generation dispatch formulations. Applying the developed model for the future European power system follows the results of corresponding transmission expansion planning studies, which are translated into the desired high spatial resolution. The analysis of the “large scale-RES” scenario for 2050 shows considerable congestion between northern and central Europe, which constitutes the primary cause of VRES curtailments of renewables. In addition, load shifting is shown to mostly improve the integration of solar energy into the system and not wind, which constitutes the dominant energy source for this scenario. Finally, the analysis of the curtailments time series using ideal converters shows that the best locations for their exploitation can be found in western Ireland and western Denmark.

On Energy Status indicators and the role of renewableEnergy under Economic Crisis

2014 ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
P. Bezrukikh ◽  
P. Bezrukikh (Jr.)
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Regime

The article analyzes the dynamics of consumption of primary energy and production of electrical energy in the world for 1973-2012 and the volume of renewable energy. It is shown that in the crisis year of 20 0 9 there was a significant reduction in primary energy consumption and production of electrical energy. At the same time, renewable energy has developed rapidly, well above the rate of the world economy growth. The development of renewable energy is one of the most effective ways out of the crisis, taking into account its production regime, energy, environmental, social and economic efficiency. The forecast for the development of renewable energy for the period up to 2020, compiled by the IEA, is analyzed. It is shown that its assessment rates are conservative; the authors justify higher rates of development of renewable energy.

Renewable Energy on Tribal Lands: A Feasibility Study for a Biomass-to-Energy Plant on the Cocopah Reservation in Arizona

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lauren K. D’Souza ◽  
William L. Ascher ◽  
Tanja Srebotnjak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Plant ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Alternative Investment

Native American reservations are among the most economically disadvantaged regions in the United States; lacking access to economic and educational opportunities that are exacerbated by “energy insecurity” due to insufficient connectivity to the electric grid and power outages. Local renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and biomass offer energy alternatives but their implementation encounters barriers such as lack of financing, infrastructure, and expertise, as well as divergent attitudes among tribal leaders. Biomass, in particular, could be a source of stable base-load power that is abundant and scalable in many rural communities. This case study examines the feasibility of a biomass energy plant on the Cocopah reservation in southwestern Arizona. It considers feedstock availability, cost and energy content, technology options, nameplate capacity, discount and interest rates, construction, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, and alternative investment options. This study finds that at current electricity prices and based on typical costs for fuel, O&M over 30 years, none of the tested scenarios is presently cost-effective on a net present value (NPV) basis when compared with an alternative investment yielding annual returns of 3% or higher. The technology most likely to be economically viable and suitable for remote, rural contexts—a combustion stoker—resulted in a levelized costs of energy (LCOE) ranging from US$0.056 to 0.147/kWh. The most favorable scenario is a combustion stoker with an estimated NPV of US$4,791,243. The NPV of the corresponding alternative investment is US$7,123,380. However, if the tribes were able to secure a zero-interest loan to finance the plant’s installation cost, the project would be on par with the alternative investment. Even if this were the case, the scenario still relies on some of the most optimistic assumptions for the biomass-to-power plant and excludes abatement costs for air emissions. The study thus concludes that at present small-scale, biomass-to-energy projects require a mix of favorable market and local conditions as well as appropriate policy support to make biomass energy projects a cost-competitive source of stable, alternative energy for remote rural tribal communities that can provide greater tribal sovereignty and economic opportunities.

European Energy Security

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almas Heshmati ◽  
Shahrouz Abolhosseini
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
The European Union

This chapter reviews relevant literature on the current state and effectiveness of developing renewable energy on energy security in general, and on energy security in the European Union (EU) in particular. The chapter elaborates on primary energy import sources, possible alternatives, and how energy security is affected by the sources of supply. It also gives an analysis of the effects of the Ukrainian crisis, the isolation of Iran on diversification sources, and on European energy security. It examines EU’s energy policy, analyses the best motivation for a new energy policy direction within Europe, and suggests alternative solutions for enhanced energy supply security. The aim is to suggest suitable solutions for energy security in Europe through energy supply diversification. Supply diversification includes alternative energy corridors for reducing dependency on Russia as a supplier and enhancing the power generated by renewable energy sources under the European Union 2020 strategy.

scholarly journals A Sizing Method for PV–Battery–Generator Systems for Off-Grid Applications Based on the LCOE

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1988
Author(s):  
Ioannis E. Kosmadakis ◽  
Costas Elmasides
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Sufficient Power ◽  
Battery Energy

Electricity supply in nonelectrified areas can be covered by distributed renewable energy systems. The main disadvantage of these systems is the intermittent and often unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources. Moreover, the temporal distribution of renewable energy may not match that of energy demand. Systems that combine photovoltaic modules with electrical energy storage (EES) can eliminate the above disadvantages. However, the adoption of such solutions is often financially prohibitive. Therefore, all parameters that lead to a functionally reliable and self-sufficient power generation system should be carefully considered during the design phase of such systems. This study proposes a sizing method for off-grid electrification systems consisting of photovoltaics (PV), batteries, and a diesel generator set. The method is based on the optimal number of PV panels and battery energy capacity whilst minimizing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for a period of 25 years. Validations against a synthesized load profile produced grid-independent systems backed by different accumulator technologies, with LCOEs ranging from 0.34 EUR/kWh to 0.46 EUR/kWh. The applied algorithm emphasizes a parameter of useful energy as a key output parameter for which the solar harvest is maximized in parallel with the minimization of the LCOE.

Power Cycles of Generation III and III+ Nuclear Power Plants

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dragunov ◽  
Eugene Saltanov ◽  
Igor Pioro ◽  
Pavel Kirillov ◽  
Romney Duffey
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants

It is well known that the electrical-power generation is the key factor for advances in any other industries, agriculture and level of living. In general, electrical energy can be generated by: 1) non-renewable-energy sources such as coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear; and 2) renewable-energy sources such as hydro, wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and marine. However, the main sources for electrical-energy generation are: 1) thermal - primary coal and secondary natural gas; 2) “large” hydro and 3) nuclear. The rest of the energy sources might have visible impact just in some countries. Modern advanced thermal power plants have reached very high thermal efficiencies (55–62%). In spite of that they are still the largest emitters of carbon dioxide into atmosphere. Due to that, reliable non-fossil-fuel energy generation, such as nuclear power, becomes more and more attractive. However, current Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are way behind by thermal efficiency (30–42%) compared to that of advanced thermal power plants. Therefore, it is important to consider various ways to enhance thermal efficiency of NPPs. The paper presents comparison of thermodynamic cycles and layouts of modern NPPs and discusses ways to improve their thermal efficiencies.

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