USE OF PHOTOELECTRIC MODULES WITH DOUBLE-SIDED RECEIVING SURFACE FOR SMALL GENERATION UNITS

In the presented work, the possibility of using photovoltaic silicon panels with a double-sided arrangement of solar cells on the front and back sides is presented. With a lack of space for placing solar panels, these types of modules can significantly increase the generation of electrical energy. Equipping photovoltaic systems with rechargeable batteries contributes to a more rational consumption of electrical energy, while energy storage systems significantly increase the efficiency of solar generating systems. The proposed designs are intended to increase the power characteristics of solar energy converters in the winter months, in the presence of snow or when using reflective surfaces on road surfaces. The results of the experimental studies have shown a significant efficiency of the proposed designs, as well as an increase in the total generation of electrical energy. With the development of the global technical potential and a significant increase in the production of power plants for solar energy, a new opportunity has emerged to use combined solar plants for photovoltaic conversion of the flux of incident solar radiation. At the Department of Renewable Energy Sources and Electrical Systems and Networks at Sevastopol State University, at the site of the Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry, a photovoltaic installation was developed and studied, consisting of two side silicon solar cells and energy storage systems. The article presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies, presents diagrams, drawings and graphs of various characteristics of the FSM-110D photovoltaic panel and storage batteries. The research results show the increased efficiency of the proposed installation, as well as a good possibility of using the presented photovoltaic systems to provide them with autonomous and individual consumers living in the Crimean region and the city of Sevastopol.

MODELING ARCHITECTURAL FORM SURFACE DEPENDENT SECTIONS

For the design of surfaces in architecture, as a rule, universal techniques developed for other technical industries are used. First of all, these are general kinematic surfaces and interpolation cubic splines for modeling complex piecewise smooth surfaces. The authors propose to use the fourth degree inerodifferential spline developed by them for problems of geometric modeling of architectural forms. For calculations and constructions on a computer, the proposed spline is not much more complicated than traditional cubic splines, since it has one additional parameter - a coefficient. However, this allows you to locally control the shape of a curve or surface during design, that is, to change the shape in individual areas without affecting other areas. The article proposes a method for constructing a geometric model of the kinematic surface of dependent sections with a fourth degree parabola as a generator. When using cubic splines as a guide, the surface is a 3 × 4 non-uniform (heterogeneous) spline. The article shows that the surface on the basis of the proposed mathematical apparatus can be composite piecewise-smooth. A particular case of surface design is considered on the example of creating a model of the surface of the facade of a residential building according to the existing concept. The algorithm can be easily programmed and added as a tool to existing CAD systems.

PRINCIPLES OF RECONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC SPACES WITHIN THE BORDERS OF COASTAL TERRITORIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHERNOMORSKOYE SETTLEMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

The article selects and analyzes scientific literature sources and regulatory documents on the reconstruction of public spaces within the boundaries of coastal territories. It analyzes global experience in the reconstruction of embankments and the modern specifics of urban development of coastal areas in terms of the relationship of coastal areas with urban development. It investigates the architectural and planning problems of embankment spaces and the problems of their reconstruction. It formulates the principles of reconstruction of public spaces of the coastal territories of the locality. It provides practical recommendations for their use. It analyzes the history of the development and current state of the embankment of the urban-type settlement of Chernomorskoye in the Republic of Crimea. It provides proposals and recommendations for the reconstruction of the specified embankment urban-type settlement of Chernomorskoye. On the basis of the conducted research, an experimental design model for the reconstruction of the embankment of urban-type settlement of Chernomorskoye is proposed.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SURFACE SLOPE WITHIN THE LANDSCAPES OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA

The paper presents new data on the slope of the surface of the territory of the Crimean Peninsula in the context of landscape taxonomic units according to the landscape-typological map of the Crimean polostrov by G. E. Grishankov. For the first time, for the Crimean Peninsula as a whole and landscape taxonomic units – landscape levels, landscape zones, landscape belts and tiers, as well as groups of localities (okoems), elements of descriptive statistics (minimum value, maximum value, average value, median value, as well as the value of the amplitude of values (factor amplitude)) that characterize the slope of the surface within the specified territories are quantitatively calculated

PROBLEMS OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ITS RECONSTRUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF A MODERN CITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA)

The article deals with the problem of transport infrastructure development in modern cities. The relationship of mass motorization with the quality of the urban environment and the development of the transport framework is analyzed. Examples of the modernization of the transport system and the humanization of the urban environment from the world urban planning practice are given. The authors formulated a number of recommendations for the reconstruction of the transport infrastructure on the example of the Crimea.

Power unit float oscillation on the surface of the waves

One of the urgent tasks of using renewable energy sources is the use of a power unit for converting the energy of sea waves into electrical energy. An important element of the design process of a wave power plant is to carry out mathematical modeling of its operation under various operating conditions to determine the output power and conduct a feasibility study. The process of converting the energy of sea waves into electrical energy for the proposed type of wave power plant is based on forced vertical oscillations of the power unit's float caused by sea waves. The mathematical model of the behavior of the float connected to the generator is based on the integro-differential equation of forced oscillations and makes it possible to determine the dynamics of its oscillations and draw a conclusion about the power taken from the generator connected to the float. The article presents the calculations of the dynamics of the float connected to the generator, the wave equation, the integro-differential equation of the float oscillations, the modeling of the incident wave and the float power unit is carried out. Data on the length, period and height of waves in the Black Sea off the coast of Crimea are used according to official forecasts and observations.

ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OFF-GRID PV PANELS BY USING MATLAB / SIMULINK ENVIRONMENT

The use of renewable energy sources and in particular solar energy has received considerable attention in recent decades. Photovoltaic (PV) energy projects are being implemented in very large numbers in many countries. Many research projects are carried out to analyze and verify the performance of PV modules. Implementing a pilot plant for a photovoltaic power system with a DC / DC converter to test system performance is not always possible due to practical limitations. The software simulation model helps to analyze the performance of PV modules, and more useful would be a general circuit model that can be used to test any commercial PV module. This paper presents a simulation of a mathematical model of a photovoltaic module that boosts a DC / AC converter and also simulates the operating modes of a solar generating system at various load characteristics. The model presented in this article can be used as a generalized PV module to analyze the performance of any commercially available PV module. In the presented work, the parameters that affect the performance of the generating system were investigated. The results were obtained for the operation of DC/AC photoelectric converters. The presented characteristics strongly depend on such parameters as solar insolation, the temperature of the working surface of the photovoltaic module, the charge-discharge time of storage batteries, etc. When one of the values ​​of these parameters changes, the operating modes of the solar power generating battery change. Changing the operating modes can lead to malfunctions of the entire operation of the system, therefore, it is necessary to control all the energy characteristics of the installation. The actions proposed in this work aimed at studying the operation of the photovoltaic system and the energy storage system, as well as the use of the necessary auxiliary devices for monitoring and controlling the parameters of the installation, are capable of achieving an increase in the efficiency of the generation of the system. The studies carried out in the course of the presented work make it possible to increase the level of knowledge on the control and management of the parameters of photovoltaic generating plants and expand the possibilities of their uninterrupted operation and increase energy production.

VECTOR-SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF GIS APPLICATION LAYERS FOR PLACING STRATEGIC POINTS IN DAM DESIGN

The use of geographic information systems (GIS) is widespread in water resources management. One of the development stages in this area was the use of GIS information not only for matching and executing queries, but also for analyzing trends and making decisions using applications that provide spatial analysis. GIS provides the ability to process spatial information and represent it using a similar reality model that represents spatial features from a point, line, and polygon, and thematic information. Spatial analysis in GIS includes a set of procedures used to study the structure and territorial relations based on knowledge of the position and characteristics of geographical features of the corresponding variables. Subject: delineation of areas for potential location of dams with the use of geospatial algorithms for distance. The research is based on the hypothesis that from geospatial analysis of the distances between peaks extracted from the .shp layers of rivers and areas of great importance for protection, it is possible to delineate potential areas for dam construction. Materials and methods: literature sources and results of preliminary experimental studies are analyzed, experimental planning is carried out. Results: This study examines the use of algorithms for processing distances between points used in the field of service geography, in connection with the use of localization and distribution models. To do this, algorithms are compared using criteria such as processing time, the ability to create new layers, and creating tables of distances between objects belonging to different layers. Conclusions: This evaluation is performed in order to select the most appropriate algorithm for selecting suitable points that can be evaluated in future analysis of localization and dam construction.

MODELING OF THE 2ND ORDER CURVES AND SURFACES OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES SHELLS BASED ON THEIR BASIS

The paper describes an example of modeling an arc of a 2nd order curve using an engineering discriminant and its analytical description based on a graphical algorithm for constructing a curve in point calculus. Examples of modeling the surfaces of engineering structures shells on an elliptical and rectangular plan are given. Research methods include geometric algorithms: modeling of 2nd order curves passing through 3 predetermined points in advance and having tangents at the start and end points, and shell surfaces based on them; analytical definition of curves arcs and sections of surfaces using the mathematical apparatus point calculation in a given parametrization and taking into account all predetermined geometric conditions. This approach can be widely used in the practice of modeling the shells of engineering structures for various technical purposes. It allows the designer to choose the best curvature of the shell surface, which will have the necessary strength characteristics, technical aesthetics and artistic expressiveness. The possibility of dividing the surface of the shell into finite elements of a given amount is also provided for studying the stress-strain state of the shell under the action of various loads in the systems of finite element analysis.

IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF A CONCRETE COMPOSITE REINFORCED WITH A DRY PLANT ADDITIVE

The article analyzes the existing data on the use of organic additives in concrete in order to improve its thermal characteristics. The most promising types of additives for reinforcement have been identified, a series of experimental studies have been carried out and data on the strength and thermal characteristics of the obtained concretes have been obtained. Detailed conclusions and recommendations on the application of the obtained results are given.