Modeling Woody Biomass Torrefaction Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Yousef Haseli
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Formation Enthalpy ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Total Enthalpy ◽  
Elemental Compositions ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Torrefied Biomass ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Yield Formation

Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment process which usually takes place at temperatures between 200–300°C. Torrefied biomass has been proven in numerous studies to have superior combustion properties compared to raw biomass. The objective of this study is to develop a model to estimate solid energy yield, elemental compositions and enthalpy of solid and volatile yield. Formation enthalpy of raw and torrefied biomass is calculated using the correlations developed for elemental compositions and HHV of torrefied biomass. Solid yield is determined by anhydrous weight loss model for torrefied wood. Specific heat correlations for raw biomass and char are used to calculate the sensible heat required for torrefaction process. Sensible heat and formation enthalpy give the total enthalpy for raw and torrefied biomass. During torrefaction, a mixture of volatile compositions is released. Experimental mass fractions of the volatiles components are taken from published literature, which allowed us to determine the enthalpy of formation and specific heat of the volatiles. Finally, the model results associated with the torrefaction process are compared with experimental data.

On Extension of “Heatline” and “Massline” Concepts to Reacting Flows Through Use of Conserved Scalars

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achintya Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Xiao Qin ◽  
Suresh K. Aggarwal ◽  
Ishwar K. Puri
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Reacting Flows ◽  
Scalar Transport ◽  
Zero Gravity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Total Enthalpy ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Elemental Mass ◽  
Qualitative Picture

A new formulation for extending the concept of heatlines and masslines to reacting flows through use of conserved scalars has been proposed. The formulation takes into account the distinct diffusion coefficients of different species. Results have been obtained for a number of two-dimensional nonreacting and reacting free shear flows under normal and zero gravity. For nonreacting flows, total enthalpy and elemental mass fractions have been used as the transported conserved scalars. For reacting flows, mixture fractions, defined as normalized elemental mass fractions and enthalpy, have been employed. The results show this concept to be a useful tool for obtaining better insights into the global qualitative picture of scalar transport for both nonreacting and reacting flows.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study of Briquetting Process of Torrefied Rubber Seed Kernel and Palm Oil Shell

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fadzli Hamid ◽  
M. Yusof Idroas ◽  
M. Zulfikar Ishak ◽  
Z. Alimuddin Zainal Alauddin ◽  
M. Azman Miskam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Densification Temperature ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Torrefied Biomass

Torrefaction process of biomass material is essential in converting them into biofuel with improved calorific value and physical strength. However, the production of torrefied biomass is loose, powdery, and nonuniform. One method of upgrading this material to improve their handling and combustion properties is by densification into briquettes of higher density than the original bulk density of the material. The effects of critical parameters of briquetting process that includes the type of biomass material used for torrefaction and briquetting, densification temperature, and composition of binder for torrefied biomass are studied and characterized. Starch is used as a binder in the study. The results showed that the briquette of torrefied rubber seed kernel (RSK) is better than torrefied palm oil shell (POS) in both calorific value and compressive strength. The best quality of briquettes is yielded from torrefied RSK at the ambient temperature of briquetting process with the composition of 60% water and 5% binder. The maximum compressive load for the briquettes of torrefied RSK is 141 N and the calorific value is 16 MJ/kg. Based on the economic evaluation analysis, the return of investment (ROI) for the mass production of both RSK and POS briquettes is estimated in 2-year period and the annual profit after payback was approximately 107,428.6 USD.

Combustion properties, water absorption and grindability of raw/torrefied biomass pellets and Silantek coal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmeela Matali ◽  
Norazah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Siti Shawaliah Idris ◽  
Nurhafizah Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Torrefied Biomass

scholarly journals Physical and Biochemical Properties of Selected Tropical Fruits

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Athmaselvi ◽  
Pandian Jenney ◽  
C. Pavithra ◽  
Ishita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
True Density ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Mass Fractions

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the physical and biochemical properties of guava, sapota, and papaya. The physical properties studied were: dimensions, shell ratio, surface area, bulk and true density, porosity, sphericity, packing coefficient, aspect ratio, and roundness index. The specific heat at various mass fractions, biochemical properties like pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and colour analysis were studied for fruit pulps. The viscosity of fruits was studied at various mass fractions. The high sphericity of guava and sapota indicated that those fruits had high rolling capability, which is an important factor for designing hoppers. Biochemical analysis showed that sapota was the sweetest fruit amongst the three studied.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of the Physical and Combustion Properties of Briquettes Produced from Agro-Wastes and Wood Residues

Recycling ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babajide Falemara ◽  
Victoria Joshua ◽  
Oluwaseyi Aina ◽  
Rivi Nuhu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Wood Residues

This study investigated the physical and combustion properties of briquettes produced from agricultural wastes (groundnut shells and corn cobs), wood residues (Anogeissus leiocarpus), and mixture of the particles at 15%, 20%, and 25% starch levels (binder). A 6 × 3 factorial experiments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was adopted for the study. The briquettes produced were analyzed for density, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, and specific heat of combustion. The result revealed that the density ranged from 0.44 g/cm3 to 0.53 g/cm3, while briquettes produced from groundnut shells had the highest (0.53 g/cm3) significant mean density. Mean volatile matter and ash content of the briquettes ranged from 24.35% to 34.95% and 3.37% to 4.91%. A. leiocarpus and corn cobs particles had the lowest and highest ash content, respectively. The briquette fixed carbon and specific heat of combustion ranged from 61.68% to 68.97% and 7362 kcal/kg to 8222 kcal/kg, respectively. Briquette produced from A. leiocarpus particles had the highest specific heat of combustion. In general, briquettes produced from A. leiocarpus particles and mixture of groundnut shell and A. leiocarpus particles at 25% starch level had better quality in terms of density and combustion properties and thus are suitable as an environmentally friendly alternative energy source.

scholarly journals Torrefaction of Oil Palm Frond Petiole: Effect of Particle Sizes, Sections and Batches

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ariff Hanaffi Mohd Fuad ◽  
Eljoji J. A. Loijon ◽  
Mohd Faizal Hasan ◽  
Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman ◽  
Bemgba B. Nyakuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Oil Palm Frond ◽  
Palm Frond ◽  
Proximate Analyses

This study aimed to investigate the effect of batches (1, 2 and 3), particle sizes (<250 µm, range of 300 µm to 500 µm), and sections (bottom, middle and top) on combustion performance of the oil palm frond (OPF) petiole after torrefaction at 275 °C. The higher heating value (HHV), mass yield, energy yield, HHV yield and proximate analyses of the untorrefied and torrefied OPF petiole for all cases were determined.  The comparison between the untorrefied and torrefied OPF petiole as well as an international benchmark was also performed. In this study, the highest HHV of the torrefied OPF petiole (22.85±0.07MJ/kg) was obtained at the bottom section with the particle size of < 250 µm.  Furthermore, the fixed carbon content of the torrefied OPF petiole increased, whereas the volatile matter, moisture content, mass and energy yields decreased for all cases after torrefaction.  HHV yield of OPF petiole was recorded up to 141% after torrefaction.  The ash content was sufficiently satisfied the international benchmark for most cases, except for top section (300-500µm).  The changes in combustion properties of the torrefied OPF petiole for all cases were found to be insignificant whereas significant improvement could be observed when compared to untorrefied OPF petiole.  Overall, the study revealed that the appropriate particle size for torrefaction can promote it to be a vital source for energy production from oil palm biomass.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of the Physical and Combustion Properties of Briquettes Produced from Agro-Wastes and Wood Residues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babajide Charles Falemara ◽  
Victoria Ibukun Joshua ◽  
Oluwaseyi Oluwafunmi Aina ◽  
Rivi David Nuhu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Wood Residues

This study investigated the physical and combustion properties of briquettes produced from agricultural wastes (groundnut shells and corn cobs), wood residues (Anogeissus leiocarpus) and admixtures of the particles at 15%, 20% and 25% starch levels (binder). A 6 x 3 factorial experiments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was adopted for the study. The briquettes produced were analyzed for density, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon and specific heat of combustion. The result revealed that the density ranged from 0.44g/cm3 to 0.53g/cm3, while briquettes produced from groundnut shells had the highest (0.53g/cm3) significant mean density. Mean volatile matter and ash content of the briquettes ranged from 24.35% to 34.95% and 3.37% to 4.91%. A. leiocarpus and corn cobs particles had the lowest and highest ash content respectively. The briquette fixed carbon and specific heat of combustion ranged from 61.68% to 68.97% and 7362kca/kg to 8222kca/kg respectively. Briquette produced from A. leiocarpus particles had the highest specific heat of combustion. In general, briquettes produced from A. leiocarpus particles and admixture of groundnut shell and A. leiocarpus particles at 25% starch level had better quality in terms of density and combustion properties and thus suitable as environmentally friendly alternative energy source.

Combustion properties of torrefied biomass obtained from flue gas-enhanced reactor

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz A. Lasek ◽  
Marcin Kopczyński ◽  
Marcin Janusz ◽  
Andrzej Iluk ◽  
Jarosław Zuwała
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Torrefied Biomass

scholarly journals Effects of Thermal Water Upwelling on Microclimate Change in the High Geo-Temperature Roadway

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Junhui Wang ◽  
Zhijun Wan ◽  
Hongwei Zhang ◽  
Jingchao Wang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Total Enthalpy ◽  
Enthalpy Difference

Deep-circling thermal water upwelling and trickling to high geo-temperature roadway obviously alter the microclimate in mines, which brings difficulty to the prediction of airflow temperature and humidity. This is the basis of air-conditioning cooling load calculation. The heat and mass transfer between trickling water and airflow is rather complicated. Moreover, humid air exhibits the accumulation effect of heat and humidity in the long-distance flow process. In this paper, an apparatus was designed and developed to explore the influence of thermal water trickling on the airflow thermal parameters of a section of roadway (1L–39L, in which 1L–9L is the trickling section). The results show the following (1) With the rise of trickling water temperature, the total enthalpy difference of dry air in the roadway increases within a small range and that of humid air goes up nonlinearly. Besides, the increase of trickling water flow rate has an insignificant effect on the sensible heat of the airflow, while it plays a notable role in increasing the latent heat of the airflow. (2) High trickling water temperature results in a higher growth rate of humidity ratio at 19L than those at 29L and 39L in the early stage of thermal water trickling. Meanwhile, sensible heat exchange, which becomes strong after thermal water trickles for over 30 min, complicates the enthalpy difference variation rates of wet air at the three measuring points. (3) The three measuring points in the 19L–39L section all display a process of enthalpy growth with time. In the case of point 39L, the enthalpy difference of humid air surges sharply when the trickling water temperature is 80 ° C or the flow rate is 200 ml/min. The research results boast some reference value for thermal water management and microclimate change forecasting after the airflow passes through a trickling roadway.

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