A Dynamic Escape Problem of Molecular Motors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Culver ◽  
Bryan Glaz ◽  
Samuel Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Thermal Agitation ◽  
Physical Limit ◽  
Rate Functions ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
Cross Bridges ◽  
Interesting Behavior

Animal skeletal muscle exhibits very interesting behavior at near-stall forces (when the muscle is loaded so strongly that it can barely contract). Near this physical limit, the actinmyosin cross bridges do more work than their energy releasing molecules, Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP) suggest they can. It has been shown that the advantageous utilization of thermal agitation is a likely source for this increased capacity. Here, we propose a spatially two-dimensional mechanical model to illustrate how thermal agitation can be harvested for useful mechanical work in molecular machinery without rate functions or empirically-inspired spatial potential functions. Additionally, the model accommodates variable lattice spacing, and it paves the way for a full three dimensional model of cross-bridge interactions where myosin II may be azimuthally misaligned with actin binding sites. With potential energy sources based entirely on realizable components, this model lends itself to the design of artificial, molecular-scale motors.

A Dynamic Escape Problem of Molecular Motors

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Culver ◽  
Bryan Glaz ◽  
Samuel Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Molecular Motor ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Thermal Agitation

Abstract Animal skeletal muscle exhibits very interesting behavior at near-stall forces (when the muscle is loaded so strongly that it can barely contract). Near this physical limit, the myosin II proteins may be unable to reach advantageous actin binding sites through simple attractive forces. It has been shown that the advantageous utilization of thermal agitation is a likely source for an increased force-production capacity and reach in myosin-V (a processing motor protein), and here we explore the dynamics of a molecular motor without hand-over-hand motion including Brownian motion to show how local elastic energy well boundaries may be overcome. We revisit a spatially two-dimensional mechanical model to illustrate how thermal agitation can be harvested for useful mechanical work in molecular machinery inspired by this biomechanical phenomenon without rate functions or empirically inspired spatial potential functions. Additionally, the model accommodates variable lattice spacing, and it paves the way for a full three-dimensional model of cross-bridge interactions where myosin II may be azimuthally misaligned with actin binding sites. With potential energy sources based entirely on realizable components, this model lends itself to the design of artificial, molecular-scale motors.

Rotation Feature of Three-Dimensional Tile Self-Assembly Molecular Structure for Efficient Microprocessor Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Zhuo Qian Liang ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Two Dimensional Model

Future application of nanoscale tile self-assembly is the production of smaller, more efficient microprocessors.In this paper, a new three-dimensional tile self-assembly molecular structure is presented.The model adds rotation movement where large assemblies of nanoscale tile molecules can be moved around, analogous to molecular motors. We have showed the universalityof the new model and demonstrated that three-dimensional model is capable of simulating two-dimensional model. This paper also covers the details about path encoding. The encoding process makes use of edgecharactersof tilesto simplify the design.

Distribution of c-protein isoforms in sarcomeres of developing chick skeletal muscle

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
D. A. Fischman ◽  
J. E. Dennis ◽  
T. Obinata ◽  
H. Takano-Ohmuro
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Thick Filament ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Sarcomeric Protein ◽  
Thick Filaments ◽  
Cross Bridges ◽  
Bridge Bearing

C-protein is a 150 kDa protein found within the A bands of all vertebrate cross-striated muscles. By immunoelectron microscopy, it has been demonstrated that C-protein is distributed along a series of 7-9 transverse stripes in the medial, cross-bridge bearing zone of each A band. This zone is now termed the C-zone of the sarcomere. Interest in this protein has been sparked by its striking distribution in the sarcomere: the transverse repeat between C-protein stripes is 43 nm, almost exactly 3 times the 14.3 nm axial repeat of myosin cross-bridges along the thick filaments. The precise packing of C-protein in the thick filament is still unknown. It is the only sarcomeric protein which binds to both myosin and actin, and the actin-binding is Ca-sensitive. In cardiac and slow, but not fast, skeletal muscles C-protein is phosphorylated. Amino acid composition suggests a protein of little or no αhelical content. Variant forms (isoforms) of C-protein have been identified in cardiac, slow and embryonic muscles.

Three-Dimensional Model for Virtual Surgical Simulation, during Complex Skull Base Surgery and Aneurysm Surgery

Skull Base ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Morita ◽  
Toshikazu Kimura ◽  
Shigeo Sora ◽  
Kengo Nishimura ◽  
Hisayuki Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aneurysm Surgery ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model

Digitalization system of ancient architecture decoration art based on neural network and image features

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wu Xin ◽  
Qiu Daping
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Data Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Construction Mode

The inheritance and innovation of ancient architecture decoration art is an important way for the development of the construction industry. The data process of traditional ancient architecture decoration art is relatively backward, which leads to the obvious distortion of the digitalization of ancient architecture decoration art. In order to improve the digital effect of ancient architecture decoration art, based on neural network, this paper combines the image features to construct a neural network-based ancient architecture decoration art data system model, and graphically expresses the static construction mode and dynamic construction process of the architecture group. Based on this, three-dimensional model reconstruction and scene simulation experiments of architecture groups are realized. In order to verify the performance effect of the system proposed in this paper, it is verified through simulation and performance testing, and data visualization is performed through statistical methods. The result of the study shows that the digitalization effect of the ancient architecture decoration art proposed in this paper is good.

Phonetic iconicity in the evaluative morphology of a sample of Indo-European, Niger-Congo and Austronesian languages

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Gregová ◽  
Lívia Körtvélyessy ◽  
Július Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Austronesian Languages ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Phonetic Symbolism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Core Vocabulary

Universals Archive (Universal #1926) indicates a universal tendency for sound symbolism in reference to the expression of diminutives and augmentatives. The research ( Štekauer et al. 2009 ) carried out on European languages has not proved the tendency at all. Therefore, our research was extended to cover three language families – Indo-European, Niger-Congo and Austronesian. A three-step analysis examining different aspects of phonetic symbolism was carried out on a core vocabulary of 35 lexical items. A research sample was selected out of 60 languages. The evaluative markers were analyzed according to both phonetic classification of vowels and consonants and Ultan's and Niewenhuis' conclusions on the dominance of palatal and post-alveolar consonants in diminutive markers. Finally, the data obtained in our sample languages was evaluated by means of a three-dimensional model illustrating the place of articulation of the individual segments.

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