Design Resilience of Demand Response Systems Utilizing Locally Communicating Thermostatically Controlled Loads

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Kuwada ◽  
Hoda Mehrpouyan ◽  
John F. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Algebraic Connectivity ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Core ◽  
System A ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Thermostatically Controlled Loads

Abstract Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) have shown great potential for Demand Response (DR) events. The focus of this study is to investigate the effects of adding communication throughout a population of TCLs on the resilience of the system. A Metric for resilience is calculated on varying populations of TCLs and verified with agent based modeling simulations. At the core of this study is an added thermostat criterion created from the combination of a proportional gain and the average compressor operating state of neighboring TCLs. Differing connection architectures are also analyzed. Resilience of the systems under different connection topologies, are calculated by analyzing algebraic connectivity at varying population sizes. The resilience analysis was verified through simulation. Results of the analysis show the effect of on delay schemes and connection architecture on stability limit of each system. Good concurrence was found between predicted and observed resilience for smaller dead-band sizes. Simulations showed varying results on the effect of a simulated attack based on location of the attack within the population.

Emergent Behavior in a Population of Thermostatically Controlled Loads With Peer-to-Peer Communication

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Schwartz ◽  
John F. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Emergent Behavior ◽  
Peer Communication ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Thermostatically Controlled Loads ◽  
Residential Air Conditioning

Abstract Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) are often considered as a possible resource for demand response (DR) events. However, it is well understood that coordinated control of a large population of previously un-coordinated TCLs may result in load synchronization that results in higher peaks and large uncontrolled swings in aggregate load. In this paper we use agent based modeling to simulate a number of residential air conditioning loads and allow each to communicate a limited amount of information with their nearest neighbors. As a result, we document emergent behavior of this large scale, distributed and nonlinear system. Using the techniques described here, the population of TCLs experienced up to a 30% reduction in peak demand following the DR event. This behavior is shown to be beneficial to the goals of balancing the grid and integrating increasing penetration of variable generators.

scholarly journals Agent-Based Modeling of a Self-Organized Food Safety System

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Kashif Zia ◽  
Umar Farooq ◽  
Arshad Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Wisdom Of Crowds ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
System A ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Social Discourses ◽  
The Wisdom Of Crowds

“The wisdom of crowds” is often observed in social discourses and activities around us. The manifestations of it are, however, so intrinsically embedded and behaviorally accepted that an elaboration of a social phenomenon evidencing such wisdom is often considered a discovery; or at least an astonishing fact. One such scenario is explored here, namely, the conceptualization and modeling of a food safety system—a system directly related to social cognition. The first contribution of this paper is the re-evaluation of Knowles’s model towards a more conscious understanding of “the wisdom of crowds” effects on inspection and consumption behaviors. The second contribution is augmenting the model with social networking capabilities, which acts as a medium to spread information about stores and help consumers find uncontaminated stores. Simulation results revealed that stores respecting social cognition improve the effectiveness of the food safety system for consumers as well as for the stores. Simulation findings also revealed that active societies have the capability to self-organize effectively, even if they lack regulatory obligations.

Stability Analysis of Demand Response Systems Utilizing Locally Communicating Thermostatically Controlled Loads

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Kuwada ◽  
John F. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Aggregate Behavior ◽  
Communication Topology ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Thermostatically Controlled Loads ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Varying Population ◽  
Aggregate System

Abstract Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) have shown great potential for Demand Response (DR) events. However, it has been commonly seen that DR events using TCLs may cause load synchronization and unwanted oscillatory effects, especially in homogeneous populations. In an attempt to mitigate the negative impacts of DR events, a decentralized method is proposed that modifies each thermostat behavior based on the activity of nearby TCLs. This feedback introduces the possibility of instability in the aggregate behavior. A stability analysis is performed on a model of the aggregate system and the results of that analysis compared to simulation results. Several populations were considered, varying population size, communication topology, thermostat deadband and heterogeneity of the population. While the linearized analysis failed to accurately predict instabilities in the aggregate system, it did provide insight into global behavior.

scholarly journals Agent-Based Modeling of Retail Electrical Energy Markets With Demand Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 3465-3475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Dehghanpour ◽  
M. Hashem Nehrir ◽  
John W. Sheppard ◽  
Nathan C. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Agent Based

scholarly journals Cybernetics Approach Using Agent-Based Modeling in the Process of Evacuating Educational Institutions in Case of Disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10277
Author(s):  
Ștefan Ionescu ◽  
Ionuț Nica ◽  
Nora Chiriță
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust System ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
System A ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree

In the context of an emergency, evacuating people from a location in the shortest possible time is essential, as is the high degree of safety that people should expect when evacuating. Lately, in Romania there have been more and more fire events generated by different causes. This article will use agent-based modeling to simulate an emergency evacuation model in NetLogo. The model has been used to perform and analyze various scenarios. With the help of NetLogo, we managed to perform 400 simulations with the evacuation of 180 people (students, teachers, and non-teaching staff) based on which we developed several recommendations to streamline the evacuation process in order to reduce the possibility of death. The present research will help to identify the evacuation times from a school, but it will also highlight certain aspects that may occur during the evacuation. The model that was used in this research took into account the individual particularities of the people taking part in the evacuation, emphasizing the effects that form in a crowd of people when evacuating; effects such as the funnel effect, which is caused by the formation of bottlenecks around narrow areas. All these things are part of the analysis of the measurement of entropy of the exhaust system, a problem that has captured all of the specialists’ attention. Finally, solutions have been proposed to improve evacuation time in case of disasters.

scholarly journals Elements for the Agent-Based Modeling of Slavery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antõnio C R Costa
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
System A ◽  
First Case ◽  
Formal Concepts ◽  
Economic Relationship ◽  
South Of Brazil

This paper introduces formal concepts for the agent-based modeling of slavery systems. The concepts of master-slave economic relationship, slavery-based economic system, slavery-supporting legal system, and slavery-based material agent society are formally defined. A first case study recasts, for material agent societies, North \& Thomas' economic model determining the objective conditions under which it is rational for a society to choose a slavery-based economic system over a free labor-based economic system. A second case study makes use of elements of F. H. Cardoso's study of slavery in the south of Brazil to illustrate the application of the formal concepts introduced in the paper.

scholarly journals An Approach to the Modeling and Simulation of Intra-Hospital Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. e14
Author(s):  
Diego Omar Encinas ◽  
Lucas Maccallini ◽  
Fernando Romero
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Disease Propagation ◽  
System A ◽  
Number Of Patients

This publication presents an approach to a simulator to recreate a large number of scenarios and to make agile decisions in the planning of a real emergency room system. A modeling and simulation focused on the point prevalence of intrahospital infections in an emergency room and how it is affected by different factors related to hospital management. To carry out the simulator modeling, the Agent-based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS) paradigm was used. Thus, different intervening agents in the emergency room environment — patients and doctors, among others— were classified. The user belonging to the health system has different data to configure the simulation, such as the number of patients, the number of available beds, etc. Based on the tests carried out and the measurements obtained, it is concluded that the disease propagation model relative to the time and contact area of the patients has greater precision than the purely statistical model of the intensive care unit.

Argumentation and Modeling

2013 ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Clark ◽  
Pratim Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traditional Classrooms ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
The Core ◽  
Representational Practices ◽  
Modeling Practices

There is now growing consensus that K12 science education needs to focus on core epistemic and representational practices of scientific inquiry (Duschl, Schweingruber, & Shouse, 2007; Lehrer & Schauble, 2006). In this chapter, the authors focus on two such practices: argumentation and computational modeling. Novice science learners engaging in these activities often struggle without appropriate and extensive scaffolding (e.g., Klahr, Dunbar, & Fay, 1990; Schauble, Klopfer, & Raghavan, 1991; Sandoval & Millwood, 2005; Lizotte, Harris, McNeill, Marx, & Krajcik, 2003). This chapter proposes that (a) integrating argumentation and modeling can productively engage students in inquiry-based activities that support learning of complex scientific concepts as well as the core argumentation and modeling practices at the heart of scientific inquiry, and (b) each of these activities can productively scaffold the other. This in turn can lead to higher academic achievement in schools, increased self-efficacy in science, and an overall increased interest in science that is absent in most traditional classrooms. This chapter provides a theoretical framework for engaging students in argumentation and a particular genre of computer modeling (i.e., agent-based modeling), illustrates the framework with examples of the authors’ own research and development, and introduces readers to freely available technologies and resources to adopt in classrooms to engage students in the practices discussed in the chapter.

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