Basis of the New Criteria in ASME B31.8 for Prioritization and Repair of Mechanical Damage

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Rosenfeld ◽  
John W. Pepper ◽  
Keith Leewis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Pipe Section ◽  
New Criteria

Mechanical damage in the form of dents has emerged as a key safety concern for pipelines. In response, ASME B31.8, with assistance from GTI, undertook a detailed review of industry research and operating experience with respect to various forms of mechanical damage. Revised criteria for prioritizing and effectively repairing damage in natural gas pipelines were developed based on the findings. The criteria address plain dents, third-party type damage, dents that affect weldments, dents affected by corrosion, and strain levels associated with deformation of the pipe section. This paper discusses the generalities of the scientific findings and basis for the changes to the Code.

On-Line Monitoring to Detect Third-Party Damage on Underground Natural Gas Pipelines Using Accelerometer

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Young Nam ◽  
S.H. Choi ◽  
Jae Boong Choi ◽  
Young Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
The Third ◽  
Damage Monitoring ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Third Party

Even though an excavation is not under the direct control of the utility operators, it is the main cause of third-party damage on the underground natural gas pipelines. Since the damage due to third-party excavation may lead to horrible consequences, preventative techniques that can reduce the third-party damage are needed. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an on-line monitoring system using accelerometer to detect a propagating acoustic pressure pulse that is produced from the third-party damage. Also, in order to verify this system, the corresponding field tests were performed considering many third-party damage sources(breaker, hammer drilling, etc.) and signal transmission ratio of each source. From the tests, signals developed by the third-party damage sources were successfully detected with the digital filter, which can distinguish external noises at the distance of 13km. Therefore, it is expected that the system can be used as a useful tool for the third-party damage monitoring of underground natural gas pipelines

Pipeline Stabilisation Using Pre-Trenching and Sand Backfill

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Chamizo ◽  
Dean R. Campbell ◽  
Carl T. Erbirch ◽  
Eric P. Jas ◽  
Liang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Carbonate Sand ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
Very High

Stabilizing large diameter natural gas pipelines on the seabed against extreme hydrodynamic loading conditions has proven to be challenging in the northwest of Australia. Tropical storms, which affect the area annually between November and April, can generate wave heights exceeding 30 m and on-bottom steady-state currents of 2 m/s or more. Consequently, in shallow water depths, typically less than 40–60 m, subsea pipelines can experience very high hydrodynamic loads, potentially causing significant lateral movement. If the seabed is rugged, or at locations where the pipeline approaches a point of fixity, this can lead to the pipeline suffering mechanical damage, which is undesirable. In many places on the Northwest Shelf of Australia, there is a layer of minimum 3 m deep marine sediments. The sediments predominantly comprise of relatively stable, fine to medium sized carbonate silts and sands, sometimes with some clay content. Traditionally, in Australia and other parts of the world, post-trenching techniques such as ploughing and jetting have been applied in such areas. These techniques can successfully lower the pipeline into the seabed. However, in many situations on the Northwest Shelf of Australia, post-trenching has had limited success. This has in part been due to the unpredictable levels of cementation of the carbonate sand, which has often resulted in an insufficient trench depth, with the need to implement costly and time consuming remedial works to ensure pipeline stability. The uncertainties in the success of post-trenching tools lead to the development of the pre-trenching and sand backfill method, which was first applied in Australia in 2003 on a 42-inch diameter natural gas trunkline. This technique has several advantages compared to post-trenching and other conventional pipeline stabilization methods such as rubble mound pipeline covers or gravity anchors. This paper presents an overview of the pre-trenching and sand backfill method, its design principles, benefits, and risks and opportunities.

Overcoming Challenges of EMAT Inline Inspection Validation for SCC Management in Natural Gas Pipelines: A Practical Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Phlipot ◽  
Stephen Rapp ◽  
Daniel Whaley ◽  
Kevin Spencer ◽  
Dan Williams
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Acoustic Transducer ◽  
Electro Magnetic

Abstract Pipeline operators rely on a variety of tools and technologies to manage threats to their pipeline assets. For natural gas pipelines, the management of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) has benefited from the introduction and evolution of in-line inspection (ILI) technologies, specifically Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) technology, that can reliably detect, identify and size cracking anomalies. Since its introduction in the early 2000’s, the performance of EMAT technology has been evaluated and documented through many industry research projects and published articles that describe operational experiences. This paper builds upon that body of shared knowledge to provide an update of observed EMAT performance on a gas transmission system that has undergone extensive EMAT ILI assessments, on a large number of pipeline segments, with a specific focus on the practical strategies employed to overcome the challenges unique to EMAT ILI validation. Practical insights into effectively using EMAT ILI validated data as a key input to the SCC management plan are thereby provided.

CHANGES TO GAS ACCESS LEGISLATION—POLICY RATIONALE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INDUSTRY

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
M.L. Carkeet
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Recent Introduction ◽  
Independent Review

The introduction of a national gas access regime has coincided with a rapid expansion in the Australian market for gas transportation services. The threat of regulation and the approach of regulators, however, have influenced both the configuration of pipelines and the nature of transportation contracts. The recent introduction of reforms to the National Third Party Access Regime for Natural Gas Pipelines (Gas Access Regime), and to part IIIA of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth), has the effect of introducing part but not all of the reforms recommended by the Council of Australian Governments’ Independent Review of Energy Market Directions, and the Productivity Commission’s Review of the Gas Access Regime. The principal amendments, relating to the insertion of an objects clause and the introduction of regulatory holidays for certain greenfield projects are also likely to influence the configuration of pipelines and the nature of pipeline contracts. These amendments are precursors to a major restatement of National Gas Access legislation that will, if enacted, have the effect of creating greater uniformity between the National Electricity Law and the regulatory environment that will apply to gas, but, will also open up the opportunity for pipeline owners and operators to submit to a lighter form of regulation.

Monitoring of Pipeline RoU Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogin Gajjar
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Digital Surveillance ◽  
Pipeline Networks

Safe Pipeline transportation of energy resources is a major concern. Every Natural Gas Pipeline Operator’s primary objective is to operate and maintain pipeline network in such a way that it would continuously provide un-interrupted services to customers without any accidents which can adversely impact on the environment and reputation of the organization. Various surveillance methods are being used in Natural Gas Pipelines as a part of direct integrity assessment. Traditionally, surveillance is conducted by line walking and supplemented by vehicular over the linear corridor. This process involves various shortcomings in terms of efficacy, accuracy, cost, and safety. This method purely depend upon Inspector’s ability for detecting anomalies. It is in the interest of any operator to maintain the value of its pipelines and to protect them effectively against damage caused by third parties. As a result of global progress in high-resolution remote sensing and image processing technology, it is possible to use digital surveillance method for monitoring of pipeline Right of Use (RoU). Digital Surveillance is done using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. Remote sensing based pipeline surveillance refers to the monitoring and detection of changes on RoU and around pipeline networks. This paper elaborates on the development and implementation of a digital solution that uses images from satellites and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to detect instances of encroachments and third-party activities on Pipeline RoU. Such a solution provides capability of running advance analytics on captured images, and will enable to automate detection of anomalies which may often go un-noticed during manual inspection.

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