Pipeline Inspection With the High Resolution EMAT ILI-Tool: Report on Full-Scale Testing and Field Trials

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Klann ◽  
Thomas Beuker
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Disbonded Coating

In succession of a research project to develop an EMAT in-line inspection technology for the detection of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and disbonded coating, a 16” EMAT inspection tool was manufactured and tested. This 16” EMAT Crack Detection (ECD) Tool establishes a new high-resolution approach to effective and accurate crack inspection technology especially for gas lines. The performance of this tool was tested on several pipe samples containing natural SCC as well as artifical anomalies and laminations. Furthermore, a field test is currently being conducted, which will detail the tools performance under operational conditions. The new technology will be compared to the results from the established Magnetic Flux Leakage inspection (MFL) technology. EMAT inspection technology, originally designed for detection of SCC, is also sensitive to areas of disbonded coating, other crack-like features, and anomalies like gouging and channeling. To distinguish the different types of pipeline threats, a qualitative defect sizing process is under development incorporating the EMAT data and the information from the other in-line inspection technologies. Following an introduction into EMAT guided wave theory, data from a series of full-scale tests obtained with 34” prototype sensors and the complete 16” ILI-EMAT tool, will be presented. The inspection tool itself, as well as the process for evaluating the recorded data, are undergoing continuous improvements. This paper will discuss the development status of these technologies.

Road contact stresses and forces under tires with low inflation pressure

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1248-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Douglas ◽  
W DH Woodward ◽  
A R Woodside
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Granular Base ◽  
Vertical Contact ◽  
Full Scale Tests

Many field trials have been undertaken to demonstrate the benefits of reducing the inflation pressure of the tires of heavily loaded haul vehicles, but few carefully controlled laboratory studies have been performed. An earlier full scale laboratory study indicated that tire inflation pressure had far less effect on subgrade strains for unpaved, single-layer granular road structures than the tire loading itself, so attention was directed to the behaviour of the granular base at the tire tread - road surface interface. In the present paper, the results of full scale tests performed using a laboratory apparatus designed to measure the dynamic vertical, transverse, and longitudinal contact forces under tires with varying loads and inflation pressures are reported. Vertical contact forces were observed to be highly non-uniform, both across and along the contact patch.Key words: central tire inflation systems, CTI, model study, haul trucks, unbound roads, unpaved roads, access roads.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Crack Localization Approach Based on Diffraction Wave

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu ◽  
Sun ◽  
Liu ◽  
Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Wave Packets ◽  
Dispersion Compensation ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
Diffraction Wave ◽  
Localization Approach

The delay-and-sum imaging algorithm is a promising crack localization approach forcrack detection and monitoring of key structural regions. Most studies successfully offer a hole-likedamage position. However, cracks are more common than hole-like damages in a structure. To solvethis issue, this paper presents a crack localization approach, based on diffraction wave theory, whichis capable of imaging crack endpoints. The guided wave propagated to the crack endpoints andtransformed into a diffraction wave. A line sensor array was used to record the diffractionwaveform. Then, dispersion compensation was applied to shorten the dispersive wave packets andseparate the overlapping wave packets. Subsequently, half-wave compensation was executed toimprove the localization accuracy. Finally, the effectiveness of this high-resolution crack localizationmethod was validated by an experimental example.

SCC Detection and Coating Disbondment Detection Improvements Using the High Resolution EMAT ILI-Technology

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Beuker ◽  
Ron Alers ◽  
Bryce Brown ◽  
George Alers
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer ◽  
Independent Measurement ◽  
Acoustic Transducer ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Disbonded Coating ◽  
The U.S

Pipeline deterioration by stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is an increasing challenge for the pipeline industry. Recent incidents and the lately issued OPS advisory bulletin in the U.S., emphasize the worldwide focus on this phenomenon. Coating disbondment is understood as a precursor to SCC by increasing the susceptibility of the pipeline for corrosion. The presented High Resolution ILI-technology, based on a novel concept of an Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT), allows both, the detection of SCC and the detection of disbonded coating, using two independent measurement methods. Thus, the technology combines proactive and reactive measures to improve the reliability of a pipeline that is susceptible to SCC. Data from a series of full-scale tests, obtained with the ILI-EMAT prototype, will be presented. The tests were conducted on pipe containing natural SCC colonies. The improvement of SCC detection capability will be demonstrated.

Investigation of planing craft maneuverability using full-scale tests

2021 ◽  
pp. 147509022110303
Author(s):  
Kazem Sadati ◽  
Hamid Zeraatgar ◽  
Aliasghar Moghaddas
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Planing Craft ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Turning Maneuver

Maneuverability of planing craft is a complicated hydrodynamic subject that needs more studies to comprehend its characteristics. Planing craft drivers follow a common practice for maneuver of the craft that is fundamentally different from ship’s standards. In situ full-scale tests are normally necessary to understand the maneuverability characteristics of planing craft. In this paper, a study has been conducted to illustrate maneuverability characteristics of planing craft by full-scale tests. Accelerating and turning maneuver tests are conducted on two cases at different forward speeds and rudder angles. In each test, dynamic trim, trajectory, speed, roll of the craft are recorded. The tests are performed in planing mode, semi-planing mode, and transition between planing mode to semi-planing mode to study the effects of the craft forward speed and consequently running attitude on the maneuverability. Analysis of the data reveals that the Steady Turning Diameter (STD) of the planing craft may be as large as 40 L, while it rarely goes beyond 5 L for ships. Results also show that a turning maneuver starting at planing mode might end in semi-planing mode. This transition can remarkably improve the performance characteristics of the planing craft’s maneuverability. Therefore, an alternative practice is proposed instead of the classic turning maneuver. In this practice, the craft traveling in the planing mode is transitioned to the semi-planing mode by forward speed reduction first, and then the turning maneuver is executed.

Full-scale tests of the trash racks of the Kapchagai hydroelectric station

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
A. L. Rakhmanova ◽  
I. O. Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Station ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Full Scale Tests
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