Track-to-Earth Potentials and Stray Current Monitoring on Portland TriMet MAX Light Rail System

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinh D. Pham ◽  
Kai Looijenga ◽  
Gene Wallis ◽  
Thomas Heilig
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Stray Current ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Voltage Sensors ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Ethernet Network ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
Traction Power

The track is insulated in a DC railway system. Even when the track is new, the insulation between track and earth is never ideal. The insulating capacity of the new track diminishes in the course of time due to ageing and dirt. The insulation can also be affected due to improper track construction. It is, therefore, necessary to monitor stray current activity to detect early insulation deficiencies to prevent any possible damage due to stray current corrosion of metal objects such as underground utility pipelines or building reinforcements. One approach to monitoring stray current activities is through the measurement of track-to-earth potentials. Dynamic stray current effects can normally be identified by fluctuations in the track-to-earth potentials with time. This paper describes the Siemens SITRAS SMS stray current monitoring system used on the Portland IMAX Light Rail extension. The SITRAS SMS system consists of a central evaluation PC located at TriMet Systems Engineering Office with track-to-earth voltage sensors installed at each of the six traction power substations on the IMAX line rail extension. The sensors and the PC are connected to each other through an ETHERNET network. The measured data are stored and archived in three different stages: instantaneous, short-term, and long term average values. This paper will present and analyze the data colleted on the IMAX line rail extension. Basic stray current modeling and analysis will also be discussed.

Intensive Care Unit Operational Modeling and Analysis

2011 ◽  
pp. 132-147
Author(s):  
Yue Dong ◽  
Huitian Lu ◽  
Ognjen Gajic ◽  
Brian Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Life Threatening

The outcome of critical illness depends not only on life threatening pathophysiologic disturbances, but also on several complex “system” dimensions: health care providers’ performance, organizational factors, environmental factors, family preferences and the interactions between each component. Systems engineering tools offer a novel approach which can facilitate a “systems understanding” of patient-environment interactions enabling advances in the science of healthcare delivery. Due to the complexity of operations in critical care medicine, certain assumptions are needed in order to understand system behavior. Patient variation and uncertainties underlying these assumptions present a challenge to investigators wishing to model and improve health care delivery processes. In this chapter we present a systems engineering approach to modeling critical care delivery using sepsis resuscitation as an example condition.

scholarly journals P.130 Canadian physician attitudes towards long term EEG monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (s2) ◽  
pp. S50-S50
Author(s):  
SG Buttle ◽  
E Sell ◽  
B Lemyre ◽  
D Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Physician Attitudes ◽  
Eeg Monitoring ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Education Session ◽  
Provider Attitudes ◽  
Canadian Physician ◽  
Critically Ill Neonates ◽  
Current Monitoring

Background: Long-term EEG monitoring (LTEM), including amplitude-integrated (aEEG) or conventional EEG (cEEG), is increasingly being used in critically ill neonates. Despite an abundance of studies regarding the clinical utility of LTEM, much is unknown regarding provider attitudes toward this tool. We aimed to evaluate neurologist and neonatologist opinions regarding LTEM in the NICU and describe current Canadian practices. Methods: A 15-item questionnaire was developed with input from neonatologists and pediatric neurologists at two Canadian centres. The questionnaire was piloted at our hospital and subsequently distributed to Canadian neonatologists and pediatric neurologists. Results: All 16 local respondents use LTEM in the NICU. Neonatologists were more likely to combine aEEG and cEEG, and monitor for longer durations than pediatric neurologists. However, most pediatric neurologists would like to monitor more (71%), compared to neonatologists who were more likely to say that current monitoring practices are sufficient. High rates of neonatologists (88%) and neurologists (85%) are interested in attending an education session on LTEM. Conclusions: Preliminary data suggests neonatologists and pediatric neurologists differ in their approach to LTEM. Results from our national questionnaire will be analyzed shortly, and may inform the development of educational materials as well as future studies that involve multi-centre efforts.

Assessing the Existing Bursa Light Rail Transportation System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (10) ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
Mehmet Rizelioğlu ◽  
Turan Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Negative Impacts

As car ownership soars, traffic congestion and its associated negative impacts have become real concerns in many cities around the world. Therefore, transportation systems that perform better in eliminating or reducing traffic congestion and related problems to tolerable levels have become imperative. Alternative transit systems should be assessed properly to accommodate the expected demand in the long term, at least, to some significant extent. However, this is generally neglected in developing countries and, among many possible alternatives, a popular transportation system is usually preferred within the available budget. As an example, Bursa Metropolitan Municipality, Turkey, has recently implemented a light rail transportation system (LRT) on its major east–west corridor as the main transit system. In this study, the existing LRT is assessed and its performance is compared with a hypothetical bus rapid transit (BRT) system, which is a strong contender and comparatively a lower-cost alternative. This is done to assess whether the LRT was the better choice in relation to the current demand. Therefore, in this study, the existing LRT system is first defined in the PTV VISSIM simulation environment. Then, the hypothetical BRT system is considered on the same route with the current demand. The capability and capacities of the existing LRT and the BRT system are assessed and compared in many aspects. The results are compared, and important findings are outlined.

Modeling and Analysis for Production Performance

2011 ◽  
pp. 454-474
Author(s):  
Purnendu Mandal ◽  
Enrique ("Henry") Venta
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Survey Approach

Modeling is a great approach to analyze long-term consequences of policy options in manufacturing. In this chapter two modeling approaches are discussed for understanding the intertwined relationships among factors which influence the performance and competitiveness of manufacturing: the system dynamics approach and the quantitative survey approach. The system dynamics approach is used to develop a conceptual model of the strategic issues that influence the performance and competitiveness of manufacturing, and the results of a quantitative survey are used to understand the actual extent of the influences of various factors in the current situation.

scholarly journals A discussion on technologies for improving the operational speed of high-speed railway networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-fang Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Improvement Plan ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Traction Power Supply ◽  
Traction Power

Abstract: China’s high-speed railway network has already achieved speeds of 350 km/h; however, this could be further increased to 400 km/h. After considering the development status and technical level of the high-speed railway system in China, this study indicates that there are four key technologies involved in improving its operational speed: the track, the electrical moving unit, the control system and the traction power supply. Through an experimental analysis, an evaluation index for the high-speed railway is then constructed based on four aspects: safety, comfort, intelligence and environmental protection. Using this system, the rationality of the high-speed railway speed-improvement plan can be scientifically evaluated. The results are of practical significance to the Chinese railway administration, as they can be used to formulate specific plans to increase rail speeds, and therefore promote the rapid development of the high-speed railway network in China.

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