Application of Virtualization to Implement the Automatic Train Supervision System of a Communications Based Train Control System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Chy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Legacy System ◽  
Virtual Technology ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Train Control ◽  
Operations Control

Abstract Capacity improvement and obsolescence management are the primary reasons for deploying Communications Based Train Control (CBTC) technology to replace conventional track circuit-based signaling systems like in New York City Transit (NYCT), Baltimore Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) or the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART). Resignaling projects without stopping revenue operations are highly complex and are referred as brownfield train control projects. The Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) subsystem in a CBTC System is responsible for monitoring and regulating train operations. The ATS’ responsibilities include functions such as identifying trains, tracking and displaying trains, setting speed restrictions and work zones, automatic and manual routing capabilities. In addition, the ATS serves as the Human Machine Interface (HMI) between Train Controllers at the Operations Control Center (OCC). One of the challenges in brownfield train control projects is fitting a CBTC ATS subsystem into an already existing Operations Control Center (OCC). The console in the operating theater will need to host both the existing system and the new CBTC ATS workstation. Similarly, the technical rooms may already be at capacity but still need to accommodate the CBTC system in addition to the legacy system for the transition period. Transferring the OCC to a new building is often part of the modernization program and is the ideal method to mitigate space constraints. However, CBTC deployment is not always associated with transfer to a new larger building with a large OCC theater. Transfer to the new OCC with more space may be done before the CBTC deployment or at the same time as the CBTC revenue service. When there is no new larger OCC, solutions need to be investigated to accommodate both the legacy system and the new CBTC at the existing OCC. Advancements in virtual technology provides a more efficient solution that reduces the amount of physical space an ATS needs in the OCC without compromising communication and processing speed or capabilities. This paper describes the different equipment and functionalities of an ATS subsystem and the challenge of fitting each piece into an existing OCC while keeping the legacy system. The paper then discusses the basic technology behind networking, defining the concept of machine virtualization at a high level, and how all these technologies may be used to solve the ATS challenges faced during CBTC resignaling projects.

Application of Software Tools to Implement a Systems Engineering Process for Specification Development in a Brownfield Train Control Project

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Chy ◽  
Kenneth Diemunsch ◽  
Bradley Banks
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Train Control ◽  
Safety Certification ◽  
Complex Project

When a signaling system reaches its end of life, an overall replacement is necessary. The replacement may be in-kind but for many mass transit agencies, it is common that capacity needs will have grown significantly, and the transit agency is required to increase capacity while tackling obsolescence. Capacity and obsolescence are the primary reasons for deploying Communications Based Train Control (CBTC) technology to replace conventional trip stop and track circuit-based systems operated by New York City Transit (NYCT) or cab signaling systems operated by Baltimore Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) and the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART). Resignaling projects are often refereed as brownfield train control projects. Due to the technical and commercial complexity, the quantity of stakeholders, the number of interfaces, the regulatory involvement via safety certification, the temporal and geographic scale of the project and the continual evolution of the existing system, a robust Systems Engineering (SE) process is necessary to achieve success in large signaling replacement projects. This paper describes the software tools and processes that were deployed to meet the technical, legal and commercial needs of a large signaling replacement project during the specification development phase. The processes put in place were tailored to the size and location of the team members. The paper describes the software tools, such as IBM Rational DOORS, Microsoft SharePoint Online and Office 365 which were integrated and configured to allow for collaboration while accounting for the security, commercial and legal requirements of the agency. The selection, deployment and management of these processes and tools enabled the large, complex project to succeed.

Exceptional America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mugambi Jouet
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Law School ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Alexis De Tocqueville ◽  
American Conservatism ◽  
The Bible

Americans are far more divided than other Westerners over basic issues, including wealth inequality, health care, climate change, evolution, the literal truth of the Bible, apocalyptical prophecies, gender roles, abortion, gay rights, sexual education, gun control, mass incarceration, the death penalty, torture, human rights, and war. The intense polarization of U.S. conservatives and liberals has become a key dimension of American exceptionalism—an idea widely misunderstood as American superiority. It is rather what makes America an exception, for better or worse. While exceptionalism once was largely a source of strength, it may now spell decline, as unique features of U.S. history, politics, law, culture, religion, and race relations foster grave conflicts and injustices. They also shed light on the peculiar ideological evolution of American conservatism, which long predated Trumpism. Anti-intellectualism, conspiracy-mongering, radical anti-governmentalism, and Christian fundamentalism are far more common in America than Europe, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Drawing inspiration from Alexis de Tocqueville, Mugambi Jouet explores American exceptionalism’s intriguing roots as a multicultural outsider-insider. Raised in Paris by a French mother and Kenyan father, he then lived throughout America, from the Bible Belt to New York, California, and beyond. His articles have notably been featured in The New Republic, Slate, The San Francisco Chronicle, The Huffington Post, and Le Monde. He teaches at Stanford Law School.

The “Japanese Turn” in Fine Dining in the United States, 1980–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Wide Acceptance

In the 1970s, Japanese cooks began to appear in the kitchens of nouvelle cuisine chefs in France for further training, with scores more arriving in the next decades. Paul Bocuse, Alain Chapel, Joël Robuchon, and other leading French chefs started visiting Japan to teach, cook, and sample Japanese cuisine, and ten of them eventually opened restaurants there. In the 1980s and 1990s, these chefs' frequent visits to Japan and the steady flow of Japanese stagiaires to French restaurants in Europe and the United States encouraged a series of changes that I am calling the “Japanese turn,” which found chefs at fine-dining establishments in Los Angeles, New York City, and later the San Francisco Bay Area using an ever-widening array of Japanese ingredients, employing Japanese culinary techniques, and adding Japanese dishes to their menus. By the second decade of the twenty-first century, the wide acceptance of not only Japanese ingredients and techniques but also concepts like umami (savory tastiness) and shun (seasonality) suggest that Japanese cuisine is now well known to many American chefs.

Использование программного обеспечения  для оптимизации работы Центральной диспетчерской службы

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor, Solov’ev ◽  
M. Arbuzov ◽  
N. Lesnykh
Keyword(s):  
Entire Period ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Operations Control ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Представлен обзор программных продуктов, разработанных группой специалистов различных служб и отделов ООО Водоканал г. Новокузнецка. Более 10 лет персонал Центральной диспетчерской службы предприятия использует данное программное обеспечение в своей работе. Разработка и применение собственных программ позволяет вносить необходимые коррективы в течение всего периода их использования, что обеспечивает максимальную простоту и удобство для работы пользователей. Рассмотрен порядок работы с несколькими программами: приведены виды окон, отображаемых на мониторе пользователя отражена пошаговая последовательность работы диспетчера с программой указаны дополнительные функции программ, позволяющие оптимизировать отдельные производственные процессы деятельности персонала диспетчеров. На основе представленных материалов возможно создание собственных аналогичных продуктов с учетом индивидуальной специфики предприятий водопроводно-канализационного хозяйства. Работа в этом направлении позволит гарантированно оптимизировать работу персонала диспетчерской и других служб, процессы взаимодействия различных подразделений внутри предприятия, а также предприятия с потребителями.A review of software products developed by a group of specialists from various services and departments of Vodokanal LLC, in Novokuznetsk is presented. For more than 10 years, the staff of the operations control center of the enterprise has been using this software in their work. The development and application of self-developed software provides for making the necessary adjustments throughout the entire period of its use to ensure maximum simplicity and friendliness for users. The procedure of using several software products is considered: the types of windows displayed on the users monitor are given the step-by-step sequence of the operational managers work with the software is reflected additional functions of the software are indicated that allow upgrading separate actions of the personnel of the operations control center. On the basis of the information presented self-development of similar software is possible provided the specific features of water and wastewater utilities are considered. Further research in this direction will allow reliable upgrading the activities of the personnel of the operations control center and other services, improving the interaction of various departments within the enterprise, as well as the consumer relations.

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