The Influence of Carbon Nanotubes and Reprocessing on the Morphology and Properties of High-Density Polyethylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Stan ◽  
Ionut-Laurentiu Sandu ◽  
Adriana-Madalina Turcanu ◽  
Nicoleta-Violeta Stanciu ◽  
Catalin Fetecau
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
High Density ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Nanotube Composites

Abstract This study investigates virgin and recycled high-density polyethylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (HDPE/MWCNT) composites using thermo-physical and mechanical characterization techniques to generate knowledge and understand recyclability of these composites. Firstly, virgin samples with 0.1–5 wt.% of MWCNTs were prepared by injection molding. Then, the HDPE/MWCNT composite waste was mechanically recycled and consecutively reprocessed by injection molding. The experimental results show that, after the first mechanical recycling and reprocessing cycle, the thermal, rheological, mechanical, and electrical properties for the recycled and virgin HDPE/MWCNT composites with 0.1–3 wt.% were rather similar within the experimental error of the measurements. In contrast, the recycled HDPE/MWCNT composites with 5 wt.% showed a reduction in viscosity, mechanical and electrical properties with recycling. After four recycling and reprocessing cycles, degradation in the Young modulus (−35%), tensile strength (−25%), elongation at break (−60%) and electrical conductivity (−2 orders of magnitude) of the HDPE/MWCNT composite with 5 wt.% was observed as compared with the virgin composite. From an industrial perspective, it is feasible to recycle HDPE/MWCNT composite waste by mechanical recycling and use it to manufacture products with favorable mechanical properties, covering insulating, antistatic and semiconducting ranges depending on the MWCNT loading, owing to the protective effect of carbon nanotubes against thermomechanical degradation.

The Influence of Carbon Nanotubes and Reprocessing on the Morphology and Properties of High-Density Polyethylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Felicia Stan ◽  
Ionut-Laurentiu Sandu ◽  
Adriana-Madalina Constantinescu ◽  
Nicoleta-Violeta Stanciu ◽  
Catalin Fetecau
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
End User ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties

Abstract This study investigates virgin and recycled high-density polyethylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (HDPE/MWCNT) composites using thermo-physical and mechanical characterization techniques to generate knowledge and understand recyclability of these composites. Firstly, virgin samples with 0.1–5 wt.% of MWCNTs were prepared by injection molding. Then, the HDPE/MWCNT composite waste was mechanically recycled and consecutively reprocessed by injection molding. The experimental results show that the degradation process of the end-user properties (mechanical and electrical properties) depends on the MWCNT wt.%. The higher the carbon nanotube loading, the higher the degradation of the end-user properties. The HDPE/MWCNT composites appear to be resistant to degradation at carbon nanotube loadings below the percolation threshold (which is located around 3 wt.%). In contrast, the recycled HDPE/MWCNT composites with 5 wt.% showed a reduction in viscosity, mechanical and electrical properties with recycling. After four reprocessing cycles, degradation in the Young modulus (−35%), tensile strength (−25%), elongation at break (−60%) and electrical conductivity (−2 orders of magnitude) of the HDPE/MWCNT composite with 5 wt.% was observed as compared with the virgin composite. From an industrial perspective, it is feasible to recycle HDPE/MWCNT composite waste by mechanical recycling and use it to manufacture products with favorable mechanical properties, covering insulating, antistatic and semiconducting ranges depending on the MWCNT loading, owing to the protective effect of carbon nanotubes against thermo-mechanical degradation.

Effect of Reprocessing on the Rheological, Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Stan ◽  
Laurentiu Ionut Sandu ◽  
Catalin Fetecau ◽  
Razvan Train Rosculet
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composites ◽  
Plastic Parts

In the near future, carbon nanotubes containing plastic parts are likely to enter the environment in large quantities and, due to their resistance to degradation, the environmental impact may be even more important than that of similarly shaped plastic products. Thus, there is an immediate need to examine and understand the effect of recycling on the properties of polymer/carbon nanotube composites in order to develop sustainable recycling technologies. In this paper, polypropylene filled with different levels of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) manufactured by injection molding was closed-loop recycled in order to investigate the effect of recycling and reprocessing on its rheological, electrical and mechanical properties. Preliminary results show that the PP/MWCNT composites keep the flow performance after mechanical recycling. Moreover, the stress and strain at break increase after one reprocessing cycle (mechanical recycling coupled with injection molding) whereas no statistically significant changes in electrical conductivity, Young modulus and tensile strength of the PP/MWCNT composites filled with 1, 3 and 5 wt.% were observed.

On the 3D Printability of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/High Density Polyethylene Composites

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Stan ◽  
Nicoleta-Violeta Stanciu ◽  
Catalin Fetecau
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube

Abstract This study focuses on 3D printing of multi-walled carbon nanotube/high density polyethylene (MWCNT/HDPE) composites. First, rheological properties of 0.1, 1, and 5 wt.% MWCNT/HDPE composites were investigated to estimate the 3D printability window. Second, filaments with 1.75 mm diameter were fabricated and subsequently extruded by a commercial 3D printer. Finally, the filaments and 3D printed parts were tested to correlate the rheological, mechanical, and electrical properties with processing parameters. Experimental results show that flow behavior of MWCNT/HDPE composites is a critical factor affecting the 3D printability. The shear viscosity exhibits good shear thinning behavior at high shear rates and significantly increases with increasing nanotube loading from 0.1 to 5 wt.%, at low shear rates. Reliable MWCNT/HDPE filaments were obtained with smooth surface finish and good mechanical and electrical properties. The 0.1 and 1 wt.% MWCNT/HDPE filaments exhibit very good printing characteristics. However, under the flow conditions of a standard 0.4-mm nozzle, 3D printing of 5 wt.% MWCNT/HDPE filament can be rather difficult primarily due to high shear viscosity and nozzle clogging. Thus, further investigation is needed to fully optimize the 3D printing of MWCNT/HDPE composites.

Fabrication and characterization of microwave cured high-density polyethylene/carbon nanotube and polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (15) ◽  
pp. 2091-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Arora ◽  
Himanshu Pathak ◽  
Sunny Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composites ◽  
Scanning Electron

Carbon nanotubes have been used as reinforcements in polymers due to their high elasticity, flexibility, and thermal conductivity. In this study, pellets of high-density polyethylene +20 wt% carbon nanotube and polypropylene +20 wt% carbon nanotube were cured using microwave energy. X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, uniaxial tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy was used to study morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical performance of the microwave-cured composites. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the bonding between the polymer and carbon nanotube as the peaks shifted and intensified. From the thermal study, it was observed that melting point of the composites is affected by microwave curing and the crystallinity of high-density polyethylene/carbon nanotube and polypropylene/carbon nanotube changed by 57.67% and 47.28%, respectively. Results of the uniaxial tensile test indicated that Young’s modulus of microwave cured high-density polyethylene/carbon nanotube and polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites were improved by 295% and 787.8%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic fractography shows the stretching of polymer over-lapped on carbon nanotubes in the direction of the applied load.

Performance characteristics of polyethylene/old corrugated container composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (18) ◽  
pp. 2665-2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Kord ◽  
Mehdi Roohani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
High Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The physical, mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of high-density polyethylene/old corrugated container composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes are presented in this study. High-density polyethylene/old corrugated container composites with different loadings of carbon nanotube (0, 1, 3, and 5 phc) were prepared by melt compounding followed by injection molding. Results indicated that the incorporation of carbon nanotube into high-density polyethylene, significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composites. The tensile and flexural properties achieved the maximum values when 3 phc carbon nanotube was added. Meanwhile, the impact strength of the composites progressively decreased with increasing carbon nanotube content. Furthermore, the water absorption and thickness swelling of the samples remarkably reduced with the addition of carbon nanotube. From thermogravimetric analysis data, the presence of carbon nanotube could enhance the thermal stability of the composites, especially the maximum weight loss rate temperature and also the better char residual was obtained at high loading level of carbon nanotube. Simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry thermograms revealed that the thermal degradation temperatures for the samples with carbon nanotube were much higher than those made without carbon nanotube. Moreover, it was found that the addition of carbon nanotube results in a significant enhancement in flame retardancy of the composites. Morphological observations showed that the nanoparticles were predominantly dispersed uniformly within the high-density polyethylene matrix.

Thermal and Electrical Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 802-805
Author(s):  
Jing Long Gao ◽  
Yan Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Volume Resistivity ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composites

In this work, the carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were reinforced with polypropylene(PP)matrix resins to improve the electrical and thermal properties of PP/ CNTs composites in different contents of 0,1, 3,and 5 wt.%. The surface, volume resistivity and crystallization type of the composites were investigated. As a result, the maximum degradation rate temperature of the composite is improved 30 °C, the surface resistivity and volume resistivity of composite are 5 ×106, 7 ×105,respectively, for the optimum composition of composite (CNTs 3 wt.%). The integrated XRD pattern of the composites shows the typical α-form PP crystals.

Mechanical properties of high density polyethylene/carbon nanotube composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 3071-3077 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kanagaraj ◽  
Fátima R. Varanda ◽  
Tatiana V. Zhil’tsova ◽  
Mónica S.A. Oliveira ◽  
José A.O. Simões
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composites
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