Closure of the City of Key West, Southernmost Waste to Energy Facility

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Shabat
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Key West ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Transfer Station ◽  
Technical Advisory Committee ◽  
Waste Handling ◽  
The City

The Southernmost Waste-to-Energy Facility, is a 150 ton per day, stoker fired, mass burn facility located on Stock Island in the City of Key West, Florida. The facility is owned and operated by the City of Key West and is categorized as a Small MWC, Class II facility under the Emission Guidelines for Existing Small Municipal Waste Combustors, 40 CFR 60 subpart BBBB. In order to reliably comply with the requirements of the small MWC regulations, the facility air pollution control trains were required to be retrofitted to include acid gas control and improved particulate control through the installation of scrubbers and baghouses. Additional controls for metals including mercury may have been added in order to assure compliance with these regulations. Other facility upgrades including combustion enhancements may have been required to assure compliance with allowable carbon monoxide limitations of the Small MWC regulations. The need for the air pollution control retrofit project represented a major expenditure for the City of Key West. Faced with a decision regarding its long term future waste handling and disposal methods, the City examined various options for future solid waste handling and disposal including the option to proceed with retrofitting the waste-to-energy facility and relying on waste-to-energy as a long-term major component of Key West’s solid waste handling and disposal plans. Alternatively, the City explored the option of building a transfer station, either privately or publicly operated, and contracting the hauling and disposal of the City’s waste to a private firm. The transfer station option would require a conversion of the waste-to-energy facility to a transfer station through a major demolition and reconstruction project. The City also considered available alternative technologies such as gasification for example. In order to help the City sort through the many issues associated with the solid waste handling and disposal options, a Technical Advisory Committee was formed consisting of engineering and legal consultants, City commission members, and other City representatives. Dvirka and Bartilucci Consulting Engineers, as a member of the Technical Advisory Committee, was responsible for estimating the costs associated with the design, construction and operation of a waste-to-energy facility air pollution control retrofit project. This paper describes the facility and discusses the decision making process of the technical advisory committee and the ultimate decision of the City Commission to close the Southernmost Waste to Energy Facility. The paper includes the requirements for closure of the facility and discusses how the City arrived at its final decision.

Handling Oahu’s Waste Disposal

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Gesell ◽  
Stephen Langham
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
The Past ◽  
Power Facility ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Future Emission ◽  
The City

Oahu has special needs and requirements when it comes to dealing with solid waste on the island. The City and County of Honolulu has successfully addressed this problem in the past and is working on solutions for the future. Five percent of the island’s electrical power has been generated reliably from the 2000 tons per day of waste processed by their H-POWER Waste-to-Energy Facility. The facility has been processing waste for nearly twenty years and the volume of refuse going to the landfill is reduced by 90 percent. Honolulu is considering the best solutions for the island’s waste for the coming years. Waste-to-energy works in partnership with recycling to reduce the island’s increasing waste volumes. Recycling programs are in place and additional recycling measures are being considered. Landfill space is limited and questions exist regarding the ongoing use of the existing landfill and what will happen when it is closed. In an island setting, some alternatives available to other areas such as long haul to distant landfills are not available to bridge solid waste issues. Therefore practical solutions must be found and implemented in a timely manner. A number of initiatives and plans are in development. Measures are underway to prepare the H-POWER facility for future emission requirements and operation for the next twenty years. Steps have been taken toward expansion of the existing facility. Permitting and negotiations with agencies and utilities are under way. This paper will explore and expand upon these issues showing how they are interrelated to one another.

Refurbishment of an Existing 1000 TPD MSW Facility Using Modern State of the Art Equipment

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Gillum ◽  
Arthur Cole ◽  
Roger Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Reliable Performance ◽  
Two Stages

This paper discusses the design, startup and operation of four rebuilt and redesigned 250 TPD MSW combustion trains located at the McKay Bay Waste to Energy Facility in Tampa Florida. Each independent MSW train consists of a new steam generator, reciprocating grate stoker, ash handling and air pollution control system. The new steam generators are built on the footprint of the original units, which were removed in their entirety leaving only the lower foundation steel. The refurbishment was accomplished in two stages to permit the facility to remain in operation. The new steam generators are designed to minimize fouling, maximize the amount of operating time between cleaning cycles and maintain steam temperature. Evaluation of startup and operating data demonstrates that the units exceed their planned operating time between cleaning cycles and will provide consistent reliable performance over the service life of the facility.

Innovative New Air Pollution Control Technologies to Capture NOx, PM and Hg

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Control Technologies

Emission regulations throughout the world continue to tighten, creating technical and economic challenges for various industries. The U.S. has proposed strict emissions limits that include mercury (Hg), particulate matter (PM) and a growing focus on NOx, while Europe is focusing more aggressively on reducing Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and PM emissions first. Innovative new technologies are being developed and introduced to meet proposed emissions levels for industries such as waste to energy facilities, Cement clinker producers and Sintering processes. Catalytically active ceramic or textile filter media have been applied over the past 15 years ensuring a simultaneous removal of PM, NOx and PCDD/F-compounds. A new textile filter type containing 2 filter bags (bag-over-bag) has recently been designed for such a multi-functional approach at elevated filter temperatures (T>170°C) where PMs are filtered on an ePTFE membrane (1st layer) and NOx is reduced by a catalytic reaction (2nd layer) with NH3 injected upstream. The separate bag construction enables the removal of the catalytic inner bag once it has been deactivated by ammonium-(bi)-sulphates. An appropriate regeneration process outside the bagfilter was developed for such new DeNOx system. The implementation of this 2-layer filter bag concept into existing Air Pollution Control (APC) systems and the catalyst management has been demonstrated on full-scale at the waste to energy facility of Acegas APS Padova (Italy). Emissions of NOx (as NO2) < 70mg/Nm3 with NH3<3mg/Nm3 with PM<0,5mg/Nm3 can be constantly achieved. The implementation of this filter bag system achieves highest energy efficiency, lowest costs for consumables when it is applied in dry sorption filters at elevated temperatures. In U.S., the strong demand for lowest Hg emission promotes innovative solutions for efficient and reliable Hg removal. Hg can be efficiently captured in a new fixed sorbent bed technology which is installed downstream the baghouse. This paper presents the innovative concepts for multi-functional filter as well as for Hg removal, showing also field data of both new technologies.

Comparison of trace element mobility from MSWI ash before and after plasma vitrification

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110115
Author(s):  
Wesley N Oehmig ◽  
Justin Roessler ◽  
Abdul Mulla Saleh ◽  
Kyle A Clavier ◽  
Christopher C Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Plasma Arc ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Trace Element Mobility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Air Pollution Control Residues

A common perception of plasma arc treatment systems for municipal solid waste incineration ash is that the resulting vitrified slag is inert from an environmental perspective. Research was conducted to examine this hypothesis and to assess whether reduced pollutant release results from pollutant depletion during the process of the ash with plasma, or encapsulation in the glassy vitrified matrix. The concentrations of four discrete municipal solid waste incineration ash samples before and after plasma arc vitrification in a bench-scale unit were compared. Slag and untreated ash samples were leached using several standardized approaches and mobility among the four metals of interest (e.g. As, Cd, Pb and Sb) varied across samples, but was generally high (as high as 100% for Cd). Comparison across methods did not indicate substantial encapsulation in the vitrified slag, which suggests that reduced pollutant release from plasma arc vitrified slag is due to pollutant depletion by volatilization, not encapsulation. This has significant implications for the management of air pollution control residues from waste-to-energy facilities using plasma arc vitrification.

Supplemental Pit Fire Control Deluge System: Spokane Regional Waste to Energy Facility

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon M. K. Taam ◽  
Chuck Conklin
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Regional System ◽  
The City ◽  
Fire Protection System

After sixteen years of operation, it became apparent that the pit fire protection system installed during construction of the Spokane Regional Waste to Energy (WTE) Facility (1989–1991) was inadequate. A risk analysis was performed by Creighton Engineering Inc., a fire protection consulting firm, hired by the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System (Regional System) and Wheelabrator Spokane Inc. With input from Spokane County Fire District 10 and the City of Spokane Fire Department, a replacement supplemental fire protection system was designed and ultimately installed. This paper will describe the problems with the once state of the art fire system and the planning, design and installation of the new system.

Palm Beach County WTE Expansion Model

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Henderson ◽  
Leah K. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Palm Beach County ◽  
Integrated Solid Waste Management ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Composting Facility ◽  
Facility Expansion

Palm Beach County (Florida) Solid Waste Authority built an integrated solid waste management system in the 1980s and 1990s around an 1,800 tpd Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facility. The system included a network of five regional transfer stations, Subtitle D sanitary landfill, recovered materials processing facility, composting facility, metals processing facility and household hazardous waste collection program. The WTE, which became operational in 1989, was built with two 900 tpd RDF combustion units. Space was provided for the addition of a third combustion unit, a second turbine-generator and an extra flue was installed in the facility’s stack. By 2004, the WTE was fifteen years old. It had been running at over 125% availability and well above its nominal capacity for almost a decade. Landfill capacity was being consumed at a rate which would see it filled in less than 20 years. The County had been hit with repeated hurricanes in recent years and the County’s population was continuing to grow making landfill capacity projections far from certain. The Authority began an assessment of its long term capacity options which included renovation of its existing WTE facility, expansion of that facility, development of a new WTE facility, development of a new Subtitle D Landfill and several out-of-county options. This paper will focus on the results of this assessment with emphasis on the current efforts to develop a new Mass Burn WTE facility with a capacity of 3,000 tpd and a commercial operations date of 2015. It will be the largest new WTE built in North America in more than 20 years. The choice of Mass Burn technology, facility and combustion module sizing, air pollution control technology, facility site selection, environmental permitting, public outreach program, project financing and procurement and contracting approach will be discussed.

APC Retrofits and Technologies Lower Emissions and Optimize WTE Production

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Linton
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
Maintenance Time ◽  
Media Change ◽  
Extended Filter ◽  
Existing Housing

Air pollution control (APC) systems in waste-to-energy (WTE) plants are facing many of the same challenges that independent power facilities (IPP) have dealt with for years. The most prevalent problems being corrosion and emissions. An IPP plant in the southeastern U.S. illustrates the cause and effect that corrosion played in the plant’s operation, as well as the engineered solution designed to address the issue. The result has performed beyond expectations and lends itself well to the same issues in the WTE plants. The paper also provides information regarding the conversion of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to a fabric filter baghouse. By utilizing the existing housing of an ESP, a higher particulate collection efficiency can be achieved at a fraction of the capital cost. Finally, the paper discusses filter changeout to filter bags laminated with highly efficient expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane. This media change addresses the demanding environmental regulations the industry faces, as well as providing benefits to the WTE APC system such as superior cleandown, increased airflows, and extended filter life. The ultimate results of these three technologies can help decrease maintenance time and cost and increase WTE facility production.

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