Waste-to-Energy in Europe and Technology Highlights From Von Roll Inova Projects

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brunner ◽  
Alfred Sigg
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Plant Construction ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
The U.S

Von Roll Inova is a major provider of thermal treatment technologies ranging from combustion, energy recovery, air pollution control, and residue processing. The company is headquartered in Switzerland and its portfolio includes over 300 WTEs around the world, processing more than 100,000 metric tons of solid wastes per day. This paper discusses the technological and political trends in Europe regarding waste-to-energy, the state-of-the-art-technology and presents an an overview of recently executed projects by Von Roll Inova. During the hiatus on new plant construction in the U.S., European countries pursued a variety of different approaches. Not all the results showed environmental, social or economic promise. Of the aspects developed since the mid-nineties, some are applicable to the United States. Particularly the advances in air pollution control technology and improved thermal efficiency will be useful as new Waste-to-Energy capacity is added in the U.S. and delays in permitting may be avoided by taking advantage of such experience transfers.

Evolutionary Environmental Policy: An Analysis of the U.S. Air pollution Control Policy

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jin Cha
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

The purposes of this study are to examine the nature of air pollution control and available policy instruments in the United States. Focusing on command-and-control (CAC), emission tax, bubble policy and emission offset policy, this study analyzes their theoretical frameworks and limitations. The analysis of this study suggests that the U.S. air pollution control policies have been evolved to deal with economic inefficiencies from the CAC approach. Reforming the pollution policy to market incentive systems could achieve the efficiency of pollution control. Possible policy implications are also discussed.

New Sources, New Requirements, New Challenges: Air Quality and New Waste-to-Energy Capacity

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Sawyers ◽  
Amit Chattopadhyay ◽  
Joel S. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
York County ◽  
Control Technologies

Renewed interest in waste-to-energy (WTE) has spurred a number of plans for facility expansions, retrofits and in several cases, new facilities. Complex federal and state regulations governing stationary air pollution sources challenge projects to develop and implement a compliance strategy that meets current and emerging regulatory requirements and which consists of commercially available and technically feasible control technologies, while managing the financial viability of the project. Past experience in the WTE industry is indicative of current challenges, and the deliberate development of WTE in the United States over the last 15 years now creates challenges when technologies developed and implemented elsewhere must be considered. One example is control of nitrogen oxides. Individual projects are subject to regulatory requirements differently, with net emissions increases, location and other attributes establishing the basis for regulatory compliance. This paper will discuss the complex New Source Review permitting requirements that typically apply to WTE projects, review commercially available air pollution control technologies, and discuss, through the use of a case study, the decision-making process used to develop the air pollution control strategy for the York County Resource Recovery Center expansion, one recent development of new WTE capacity in the United States.

Chlorine Sources, Sinks, and Impacts in WTE Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas J. Themelis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Stack Gas

The principal sources of chlorine in the MSW feed to WTE power plants are food wastes (e.g., wheat, green vegetables, melon, pineapple), yard wastes (leaves, grass, etc.), salt (NaCl), and chlorinated plastics (mostly polyvinyl chloride). Chlorine has important impacts on the WTE operation in terms of higher corrosion rate than in coal-fired power plants, formation of hydrochloric gas that must be controlled in the stack gas to less than the U.S. EPA standard (29 ppm by volume), and potential for formation of dioxins and furans. Past Columbia studies have shown that the chlorine content in MSW is in the order of 0.5%. In comparison, chlorine concentration in coal is about 0.1%; this results in much lower HCl concentration in the combustion gases and allows coal-fired power plants to be operated at higher superheater tube temperatures and thus higher thermal efficiencies. Most of the chlorine output from a WTE is in the fly ash collected in the fabric filter baghouse of the Air Pollution Control system. This study examined in detail the sources and sinks of chlorine in a WTE unit. It is concluded that on the average MSW contains about 0.5% chlorine, which results in hydrogen chloride concentration in the WTE combustion gases of up to 600 parts per million by volume. About 45% of the chlorine content in MSW derives from chlorinated plastics, mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and 55% from salt (NaCl) and chlorine-containing food and yard wastes. An estimated 97–98% of the chlorine input is converted to calcium chloride in the dry scrubber of the Air Pollution Control (APC) system and captured in the fly ash collected in the baghouse; the remainder is in the stack gas at a concentration that is one half of the U.S. EPA standard. Reducing the input of PVC in the MSW stream would have no effect on dioxin formation but would reduce the corrosion rate in the WTE boiler.

scholarly journals Effect of Air Pollution Control on Life Expectancy in the United States

Epidemiology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Correia ◽  
C. Arden Pope ◽  
Douglas W. Dockery ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Majid Ezzati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Pollution Control
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