Investigation of a Cup Anemometer in Oblique Flow for Measurement of Wind Velocity in Offshore Installations in the Field of Aquaculture

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Joachim Winkel ◽  
Mathias Paschen ◽  
Mario Jensch
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Measured Velocity ◽  
Wind Energy Conversion ◽  
Offshore Installations ◽  
Oblique Flow ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
Cup Anemometer

In Germany the combination of environmentally friendly changed wind energy with aquaculture is seen as an opportunity for multiple use of natural marine resources. Loads and stresses of “open ocean” offshore installations depend on wind velocity. For measurements of wind velocity within the field of wind energy conversion the only cost effective device is the cup anemometer. It has a linear relation between number of revolutions and velocity. Questionable is the measuring result if the wind vector is not within the ‘measuring plane’. Results of CFD calculations of the flow around an anemometer cup are given. With the force coefficients (lift and drag coefficients) an anemometer in inclined flow is calculated. It will be shown that the measured velocity within the measuring plane is higher than the cosine component of velocity.

scholarly journals Measurement Uncertainty of Radiated Electromagnetic Emissions in In Situ Tests of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Koj ◽  
Axel Hoffmann ◽  
Heyno Garbe
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Wind Energy Conversion ◽  
Wind Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems

Abstract. The electromagnetic (EM) emissions of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are evaluated in situ. Results of in situ tests, however, are only valid for the examined equipment under test (EUT) and cannot be applied to series production as samples, as the measurement uncertainty for in situ environment is not characterized. Currently measurements must be performed on each WECS separately, this is associated with significant costs and time requirement to complete. Therefore, in this work, based on the standard procedure according to the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty” (GUM, 2008) the measurement uncertainty is characterized. From current normative situation obtained influences on the measurement uncertainty: wind velocity and undefined ground are evaluated. The influence of increased wind velocity on the measurement uncertainty is evaluated with an analytical approach making use of the dipole characteristic. A numerically evaluated model provides information about the expected uncertainty due to reflection on different textures and varying values of relative ground moisture. Using a classical reflection law based approach, the simulation results are validated. Thanks to the presented methods, it is possible to successfully characterize the measurement uncertainty of in situ measurements of WECS's EM emissions.

Performance Analysis of PMSG based Wind Energy Conversion System with Different LVRT Enhancement Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-485
Author(s):  
Puneet K. Srivastava ◽  
Amar N. Tiwari ◽  
Sri N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Power Delivery ◽  
Wind Energy Conversion

Background: Wind energy generation has emerged as the fastest growing renewable energy technology in recent years. Among different wind turbine configurations, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based wind turbines are becoming popular due to several advantageous features associated with this. Introduction: In the events of grid fault, active power delivery to the grid is required to be stopped or reduced as per the grid code specification and due to this mismatch between power generation and power delivery results in a rise in DC link voltage and high stress on converter switches. Modern grid codes suggest Wind Power Plants (WPPs) to remain in operation and such requirements are termed as Fault Ride-Through (FRT) or Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT). Method: Several LVRT enhance method have been proposed in the literature in the past having distinct pros and cons. Some of them employ external means and some suggest modification of existing control in order to meet LVRT requirement specified by the grid code. Methods based on external devices may be simple and effective but in some cases, they are not cost effective. Literature suggests the use of a modified controller based method for meeting LVRT requirement economically. Results: This paper presents a review of different LVRT enhancement methods for PMSG based Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs). In order to compare the performance outcomes of LVRT enhancement methods, several simulations are performed for an example WECS based on 2MW PMSG on MATLAB/Simulink platform. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of simulation results, Modified controller based methods and FACT devices are found cost-effective solutions for LVRT enhancement.

scholarly journals Comparison of Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Economic Indexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahzad Nazir ◽  
Yeqin Wang ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Hafiz M. Sohail ◽  
Athraa Ali Kadhem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wind Energy Conversion

Wind energy is considered as one of the most prominent sources of energy for sustainable development. This technology is of interest owing to its capability to produce clean, eco-friendly, and cost-effective energy for small-scale users and rural areas where grid power availability is insufficient. Wind power generation has developed rapidly in the past decade and is expected to play a vital role in the economic development of countries. Therefore, studying dominant economic factors is crucial to properly approach public and private financing for this emerging technology, as industrial growth and energy demands may outpace further economic studies earlier than expected. In this study, a strategy-focused method for performing economic analysis on wind energy based on financial net present value, levelized cost of energy, internal rate of return, and investment recovery period is presented. Numerical and simulation results depict the most optimal and economical system from a 3 and a 10 kW wind energy conversion system (WECS). Moreover, the aforementioned criteria are used to determine which WECS range is the most suitable investment with the shortest payback period. Finally, an economically viable and profitable wind energy system is recommended.

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