Experimental Evaluation of Separation Methods for a Riser Dilution Approach to Dual Density Drilling

Volume 7: Offshore Geotechnics; Petroleum Technology ◽

10.1115/omae2009-80113 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

John Shelton ◽

John Rogers Smith ◽

Anuj Gupta

Keyword(s):

Emulsion Stability ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Feed Stream ◽

Separation System ◽

Qualitative Comparison ◽

Deepwater Drilling ◽

Drilling System ◽

The Stability ◽

Dual Gradient ◽

Laboratory Centrifuge

A dual gradient, deepwater drilling system based on dilution of riser mud requires economically separating the riser mud into a low density dilution fluid and a higher density drilling fluid. This study investigated the practicality of accomplishing this separation using hydrocyclones and centrifuges and examined the possible benefits and efficiency of each. The separation experiments were conducted using a laboratory centrifuge and 2 inch hydrocyclones. The laboratory centrifuge was able to separate the riser mud into near ideal densities for dilution and drilling fluid. However, the dense slurry retained in the centrifuge had lower emulsion stability than the feed stream. The hydrocyclones achieved much less contrast in density between the low and high density discharges, but consistently resulted in a beneficial increase in the stability of the mud emulsion in all of the flow streams and had more desirable rheological properties. A qualitative comparison indicates that the hydrocyclone separation system may offer a feasible and desirable alternative to centrifuge separation system.

Download Full-text

Experimental Evaluation of Separation Methods for a Riser Dilution Approach to Dual Density Drilling

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4004968 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 133 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John Shelton ◽

John Rogers Smith ◽

Anuj Gupta

Keyword(s):

Drilling Fluid ◽

Feed Stream ◽

Separation System ◽

Electrical Stability ◽

Qualitative Comparison ◽

Deepwater Drilling ◽

Drilling System ◽

The Stability ◽

Dual Gradient ◽

Laboratory Centrifuge

A dual gradient, deepwater drilling system based on dilution of riser mud requires economically separating the riser mud into a low density dilution fluid and a higher density drilling fluid. This study investigated the practicality of accomplishing this separation using hydrocyclones and centrifuges and examined the possible benefits and efficiency of each. The separation experiments were conducted using a laboratory centrifuge and 2 in. hydrocyclones. The laboratory centrifuge was able to separate the riser mud into near ideal densities for dilution and drilling fluid. However, the dense slurry retained in the centrifuge had lower electrical stability than the feed stream. The hydrocyclones achieved much less contrast in density between the low and high density discharges, but their use consistently resulted in a beneficial increase in the stability of the mud emulsion in all of the flow streams and gave more desirable rheological properties. A qualitative comparison indicates that the hydrocyclone separation system may offer a feasible and desirable alternative to a centrifuge separation system.

Download Full-text

Pemanfaatan Metil Ester Sulfonat pada Pembuatan Deterjen Cair

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri ◽

10.26578/jrti.v7i14.1544 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (14) ◽

pp. 143-155

Author(s):

Eldha Sampepana ◽

Suroto Hadi Saputra

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate ◽

Emulsion Stability ◽

Alcohol Sulfate ◽

Stable Emulsion ◽

Linear Alkylbenzene ◽

Alkylbenzene Sulfonate ◽

The Stability ◽

The Right

In the manufacture of detergents still using surfactants (which serves as an emulsifier) of crude oil in the form of the AS. (alcohol sulfate) and LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate), where this type of surfactant cannot be degraded by microorganisms when discharged into the environment, causing environmental pollution. Methyl ester sulfonate surfactant is an anionic surfactant which has a composition of C16 - C18 fatty acids are capable of acting against nature deterjensinya, while the C12 - C14 fatty acids contribute to the foaming effect. The purpose of this study was to look for the formulation of methyl ester sulfonate (MES) the right to produce a good detergent by using materials such as methyl ester sulfonate surfactant self-made, methyl ester sulfonate and sodium lauryl market Ester Sulfate (SLS) with a concentration of 15 %, 20 % and 25 %. Detergent results of the study have high detergency ( net ) compared with the detergency of detergent commercial, have a stable emulsion stability, the stability of the foam/foam detergent power made from methyl ester sulfonate surfactant produces less foam, compared with a detergent made from SLS and surfactant SNI 06-4075-1996 standards.

Download Full-text

Effect of Surfactant Molecular Structure on Emulsion Stability Investigated by Interfacial Dilatational Rheology

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13071127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1127

Author(s):

Yuejie Jin ◽

Dingrong Liu ◽

Jinhua Hu

Keyword(s):

Emulsion Stability ◽

Chain Structure ◽

Interfacial Film ◽

Future Design ◽

Rheological Method ◽

Viscoelastic Modulus ◽

Hydrophobic Chain ◽

Branched Chain ◽

The Stability ◽

Branched Structure

Polyglycerol polyricinolate (PGPR) and polyglycerol-2 dioleate were selected as model surfactants to construct water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, and the effect of interfacial rheological properties of surfactant film on the stability of emulsions were investigated based on the interfacial dilatational rheological method. The hydrophobicity chain of PGPR is polyricinic acid condensed from ricinic acid, and that of polyglycerol-2 dioleate is oleic acid. Their dynamic interfacial tensions in 15 cycles of interfacial compression-expansion were determined. The interfacial dilatational viscoelasticity was analyzed by amplitude scanning in the range of 1–28% amplitude and frequency sweep in the range of 5–45 mHz under 2% amplitude. It was found that PGPR could quickly reach adsorption equilibrium and form interfacial film with higher interfacial dilatational viscoelastic modulus to resist the deformation of interfacial film caused by emulsion coalescence, due to its branched chain structure and longer hydrophobic chain, and the emulsion thus presented good stability. However, polyglycerol-2 dioleate with a straight chain structure had lower interfacial tension, and it failed to resist the interfacial disturbance caused by coalescence because of its lower interfacial dilatational viscoelastic modulus, and thus the emulsion was unstable. This study reveals profound understanding of the influence of branched structure of PGPR hydrophobic chain on the interfacial film properties and the emulsion stability, providing experimental reference and theoretical guidance for future design or improvement of surfactant.

Download Full-text

The Effect of pH and Storage Temperature on the Stability of Emulsions Stabilized by Rapeseed Proteins

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10071657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1657

Author(s):

Karolina Östbring ◽

María Matos ◽

Ali Marefati ◽

Cecilia Ahlström ◽

Gemma Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Emulsion Stability ◽

Press Cake ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Soy Lecithin ◽

Rapeseed Protein ◽

Rapeseed Proteins ◽

Precipitation Ph ◽

The Stability

Rapeseed press cake (RPC), the by-product of rapeseed oil production, contains proteins with emulsifying properties, which can be used in food applications. Proteins from industrially produced RPC were extracted at pH 10.5 and precipitated at pH 3 (RPP3) and 6.5 (RPP6.5). Emulsions were formulated at three different pHs (pH 3, 4.5, and 6) with soy lecithin as control, and were stored for six months at either 4 °C or 30 °C. Zeta potential and droplet size distribution were analyzed prior to incubation, and emulsion stability was assessed over time by a Turbiscan instrument. Soy lecithin had significantly larger zeta potential (−49 mV to 66 mV) than rapeseed protein (−19 mV to 20 mV). Rapeseed protein stabilized emulsions with smaller droplets at pH close to neutral, whereas soy lecithin was more efficient at lower pHs. Emulsions stabilized by rapeseed protein had higher stability during storage compared to emulsions prepared by soy lecithin. Precipitation pH during the protein extraction process had a strong impact on the emulsion stability. RPP3 stabilized emulsions with higher stability in pHs close to neutral, whereas the opposite was found for RPP6.5, which stabilized more stable emulsions in acidic conditions. Rapeseed proteins recovered from cold-pressed RPC could be a suitable natural emulsifier and precipitation pH can be used to monitor the stability in emulsions with different pHs.

Download Full-text

Experimental Investigation of the Rheological Behavior of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid with Rheology Modifier and Oil Wetter Additives

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26164877 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (16) ◽

pp. 4877

Author(s):

Mobeen Murtaza ◽

Sulaiman A. Alarifi ◽

Muhammad Shahzad Kamal ◽

Sagheer A. Onaizi ◽

Mohammed Al-Ajmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Hot Rolling ◽

Emulsion Stability ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Temperature Tolerance ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Before And After ◽

Rheology Modifier

Drilling issues such as shale hydration, high-temperature tolerance, torque and drag are often resolved by applying an appropriate drilling fluid formulation. Oil-based drilling fluid (OBDF) formulations are usually composed of emulsifiers, lime, brine, viscosifier, fluid loss controller and weighting agent. These additives sometimes outperform in extended exposure to high pressure high temperature (HPHT) conditions encountered in deep wells, resulting in weighting material segregation, high fluid loss, poor rheology and poor emulsion stability. In this study, two additives, oil wetter and rheology modifier were incorporated into the OBDF and their performance was investigated by conducting rheology, fluid loss, zeta potential and emulsion stability tests before and after hot rolling at 16 h and 32 h. Extending the hot rolling period beyond what is commonly used in this type of experiment is necessary to ensure the fluid’s stability. It was found that HPHT hot rolling affected the properties of drilling fluids by decreasing the rheology parameters and emulsion stability with the increase in the hot rolling time to 32 h. Also, the fluid loss additive’s performance degraded as rolling temperature and time increased. Adding oil wetter and rheology modifier additives resulted in a slight loss of rheological profile after 32 h and maintained flat rheology profile. The emulsion stability was slightly decreased and stayed close to the recommended value (400 V). The fluid loss was controlled by optimizing the concentration of fluid loss additive and oil wetter. The presence of oil wetter improved the carrying capacity of drilling fluids and prevented the barite sag problem. The zeta potential test confirmed that the oil wetter converted the surface of barite from water to oil and improved its dispersion in the oil.

Download Full-text

Modeling of the emulsion stability using fractal dimensions

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.2298/ciceq0803153p ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 153-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Snezana Pasalic ◽

Predrag Jovanic

Keyword(s):

Emulsion Stability ◽

Fractal Dimensions ◽

Ccd Camera ◽

Stability Evaluation ◽

Stable States ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Box Counting Method ◽

The Stability ◽

The Moment ◽

Life Circle

There are many developed strategies in the emulsion stability evaluation, for purpose of determining the life circle of emulsions. Most of them are based on the reological properties of the emulsions. There are very few which relay on the direct emulsion observations. In this paper we present the developed method for the emulsion stability evaluation by the direct observation of optical properties. As the stability quantification measure we propose the fractal dimension approach. The method is based on the measure of the emulsion transmittance properties, which are directly dependent on the emulsion stability at the moment of measurement. As the test emulsion the oil in the water emulsion was used. The system is classified as the stable emulsion and our intention was to find the moment when the emulsion starts to break. The emulsion transmittance properties were measured using an acquisition system, consisting of a CCD camera and a fast PC configuration equipped with the capturing software. The fractal dimensions were determined by the so called box counting method. The experimental emulsions were measured continuously within the period of 1200 h, from the moment of the emulsion creation. The changes of fractal dimensions were observed which indicates that the emulsion changed its state and therefore the stability during the time. Three regions of the emulsion life circle were divided according to the fractal dimensions measurement, which can be connected with the stable, unstable, and meta-stable states of the emulsion life circle. In the end, the model of the emulsion behavior was developed for the purpose of quantifying the changes in the experimental emulsion.

Download Full-text

Nanoemulsion with Controlled Rheology under Different Temperature for Effective Removal of Oil-based Drilling Fluid in Offshore Drilling

10.1115/omae2021-62851 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Renzhou Meng ◽

Chengwen Wang ◽

Xiliang Dong ◽

Chao Xiong

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Offshore Drilling ◽

Emulsion Droplets ◽

Effective Removal ◽

Engineering Requirement ◽

Important Means ◽

The Stability

Abstract Oil-based drilling fluid (OBDF) is an important means for offshore drilling, but it would affect the cementing quality. Nanoemulsions shows potential for OBDF removal, but how to prepare nanoemulsion meeting the engineering requirement is lack of good understanding. Moreover, nanoemulsions usually behave badly under low/high temperature, which would restrict the application. Revealing removal mechanisms of nanoemulsion and improving nanoemulsion stability at different temperature are of great significance. The nanoemulsion could rapidly spread on the wellbore surfaces, cause the adhering OBDF to curl into little droplets, and solubilize the removed OBDF. The removal efficiency can reach more than 98%. Low temperature and higher concentration of dispersed phase both increased the viscosity of nanoemulsions stabilized by surfactants. PEGs can induce the bridging of emulsion droplets at low temperature, leading to significant increase of nanoemulsions viscoelasticity at low temperature (around 5°C). To control the rheological properties of nanoemulsions, a hydrophobic association polymer, HAAP, was proposed. Nanoemulsions containing HAAP does not gel at low temperature (< 15°C). And the viscoelasticity of nanoemulsions increased slightly when the temperature is higher than 70°C because of the thermoassociating behavior of polymer, which can ensure the stability of the nanoemulsions at high temperature. This paper is helpful to establish a generic route for preparing nanoemulsions with controlled rheological properties under different temperature, which is benefit for their applications in offshore.

Download Full-text

Study on the stability and green application exploration of waste drilling fluid

Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy ◽

10.1002/ep.13231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 13231

Author(s):

Bo Liu ◽

Zhanqiang Wang ◽

Yingyue Zhu ◽

Qing Zhong ◽

Xia Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drilling Fluid ◽

The Stability

Download Full-text

Experimental Investigation of Water Based Colloidal Gas Aphron Fluid Stability

Colloids and Interfaces ◽

10.3390/colloids3010031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Seyed Hosseini-Kaldozakh ◽

Ehsan Khamehchi ◽

Bahram Dabir ◽

Ali Alizadeh ◽

Zohreh Mansoori

Keyword(s):

Xanthan Gum ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Ammonium Bromide ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Size Distributions ◽

Electrolyte System ◽

Colloidal Gas Aphron ◽

The Stability ◽

Filtration Properties

Today, the drilling operators use the Colloidal Gas Aphron (CGA) fluids as a part of drilling fluids in their operations to reduce formation damages in low-pressure, mature or depleted reservoirs. In this paper, a Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) has been designed to analyse the effect of salinity, polymer and surfactant types and concentration on the stability of CGA fluids. Poly Anionic Cellulose (PacR) and Xanthan Gum (XG) polymers are employed as viscosifier; Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (HTAB) and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate (SDBS) have been also utilized as aphronizer. Moreover, bubble size distributions, rheological and filtration properties of aphronized fluids are investigated. According to the results, the polymer type has the highest effect, whereas the surfactant type has the lowest effect on the stability of CGA drilling fluid. It was also observed that increasing salinity in CGA fluid reduces the stability. Finally, it should be noted that the micro-bubbles generated with HTAB surfactant in an electrolyte system, are more stable than SDBS surfactant.

Download Full-text