Conceptual Design of TMR-Less Manganese Nodule Mining System and the Economy Examination

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Yamazaki ◽  
Amon Yamada ◽  
Rei Arai ◽  
Naoki Nakatani
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Manganese Nodule ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Nodule Mining ◽  
The One ◽  
Very High

Manganese nodules on deep ocean floors have been interested in as future metal resources these forty years. The Total Materials Requirement (TMR) of the conventional proposed mining method, however, is very high because of the much lifted water with the nodules from the seafloor to the sea surface and the longer transportation from the mining site to the smelting plant. An innovative conceptual design of the TMR-less mining system is presented. The economy is examined and compared with the one of the conventional method.

Manganese nodule mining

1978 ◽  
Vol 290 (1366) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Manganese Nodule ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Nodule Mining ◽  
Large Scale Tests ◽  
Large Investment

This paper considers the mining of manganese nodules from the deep ocean at up to 5000 m, drawing attention to the essential need for a satisfactory legal regime under which mining companies can operate with security. The necessary exploration that has to be carried out before large investment can be made is indicated and the type and size of mining site required are determined. The paper also considers the equipment required to collect, lift and transport the nodules. The most likely form of collection and lift is hydraulic but there are considered to be substantial development problems still to be solved. This indicates the need for large scale tests before the final decision on the mining system can be completed. The paper describes briefly a test collector operated in late 1974 and early 1975. A brief description of the possible environmental problems is also included.

scholarly journals Japanese National Research Program. Manganese Nodule Mining System.

1996 ◽  
Vol 112 (14) ◽  
pp. 974-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira INOKUMA ◽  
Hisashi OKADA ◽  
Tetsuo OYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Manganese Nodule ◽  
Mining System ◽  
National Research Program ◽  
Nodule Mining

Preliminary Design Through Analysis of a Bottom Weighted Rigid Riser for Subsea Mining

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savin Viswanathan ◽  
R. Panneer Selvam ◽  
Deepak C. Raphael
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Coupled Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Central Indian Ocean ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Response Amplitude Operators ◽  
Nodule Mining

Polymetallic nodules found in the deep ocean basins contain many economically valuable metals and are viewed as potential resources to supplement depleting onshore reserves and tackle increasing demand. The present work focuses on the preliminary design through analysis of a bottom weighted rigid riser which would form a part of the future full scale prototype nodule mining system under development by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), India, operating in a water depth of around 6500m in the Central Indian Ocean Basin. A semisubmersible platform is chosen as a surface support vessel and the hydrodynamic analysis of a conceptual semisubmersible platform is carried out with WAMIT [3] to determine the heave Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs). The initial riser diameter, material grade and wall thickness configuration are arrived at using basic engineering principles and semi-coupled dynamic analysis of the platform riser system is carried out using ORCAFLEX [8] software to determine the loads imposed on the riser. The wall thickness is optimized to meet requirements of offshore standard DNV OS F 201 [6]. Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) and Fatigue Analysis are then carried out using ORCAFLEX.

Relations between carbon removal rates, biofilm size and density of a novel anaerobic reactor: the inverse turbulent bed

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Buffière ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Carbon Removal ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
High Turbulence ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

An anaerobic inverse turbulent bed, in which the biogas only ensures fluidisation of floating carrier particles, was investigated for carbon removal kinetics and for biofilm growth and detachment. The range of operation of the reactor was kept within 5 and 30 kgCOD· m−3· d−1, with Hydraulic Retention Times between 0.28 and 1 day. The carbon removal efficiency remained between 70 and 85%. Biofilm size were rather low (between 5 and 30 μm) while biofilm density reached very high values (over 80 kgVS· m−3). The biofilm size and density varied with increasing carbon removal rates with opposite trends; as biofilm size increases, its density decreases. On the one hand, biomass activity within the reactor was kept at a high level, (between 0.23 and 0.75 kgTOC· kgVS· d−1, i.e. between 0.6 and 1.85 kgCOD·kgVS · d−1).This result indicates that high turbulence and shear may favour growth of thin, dense and active biofilms. It is thus an interesting tool for biomass control. On the other hand, volatile solid detachment increases quasi linearly with carbon removal rate and the total amount of solid in the reactor levels off at high OLR. This means that detachment could be a limit of the process at higher organic loading rates.

scholarly journals The Rules for the Lattice Rotation Accompanying Slip as Derived From a Self-Consistent Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lebensohn ◽  
T. Leffers
Keyword(s):  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Rolling Plane ◽  
Lattice Rotation ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
Plane Strain Deformation ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
The One ◽  
Equiaxed Grains ◽  
Very High

The rules for the lattice rotation during rolling (plane strain) deformation of fcc polycrystals are studied with a viscoplastic self-consistent model. Very high values of the ratesensitivity exponent are used in order to establish Sachs-type conditions with large local deviations from the macroscopic strain. The lattice rotation depends on the grain shape. For equiaxed grains the lattice rotation follows the MA rule, which is the one normally used in solid mechanics. For elongated and flat grains the lattice rotation follows a different rule, the PSA rule. In the standard version the model performs a transition from MA to PSA with increasing strain. There is avery clear difference between the textures resulting from the two different rules. MA leads to a copper-type texture, and PSA leads to a brass-type texture.

Heave Induced Internal Flow Fluctuations in Vertical Transport Systems for Deep Ocean Mining

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan D. A. Hannot ◽  
Jort M. van Wijk
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Ship Motions ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ocean Mining

Deep ocean mining systems will have to operate often in harsh weather conditions with heavy sea states. A typical mining system consists of a Mining Support Vessel (MSV) with a Vertical Transport System (VTS) attached to it. The transport system is a pump pipeline system using centrifugal pumps. The heave motions of the ship are transferred to the pump system due to the riser-ship coupling. Ship motions thus will have a significant influence on the internal flow in the VTS. In this paper, the influence of heave motions on the internal flow in the VTS for a typical mining system for Seafloor Massive Sulfide (SMS) deposits in Papua New Guinea is analyzed. Data on the wave climate in the PNG region is used to compute the ship motions of a coupled MSV-VTS. The ship motions then are translated into forces acting on the internal flow in order to compute fluctuations in the internal flow. In this way, the workability of the mining system with respect to the system’s production can be assessed. Based on a detailed analysis of the internal flow in relation to ship motions, the relevance of a coupled analysis for the design of VTS is made clear. This paper provides a method for performing such analyses.

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