Using a Multiport Pitot Tube in Circulating Water Flow Measurements

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis R. Figueroa Ibarra ◽  
J. Hugo Rodri´guez Marti´nez ◽  
Marcelino Santaba´rbara Botello
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Pitot Tube ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Made In

This paper details the design of a Pitot tube used for water flow rate measurements in large pipes. The paper describes first the nowadays commonly used device (simplex pitot), based on standard CTI Code ATC-105 from Cooling Tower Institute [1]. The disadvantages of the simplex pitot are pointed out, and the detailed description of the proposed device (multiport pitot) is explained. The Multiport Pitot, which design is also based on norm ATC-105, is able to perform real-time measurements. The paper also includes the results obtained from the water flow rate measurements made in the cooling system of a thermal power plant in Mexico. These measurement results were compared to simulation results obtained with a computational commercial simulation tool.

Estimation of Optimal Water Flow Rate of a Steel Roller Shutter with Water Film Cooling System

2014 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Shin Ku Lee ◽  
W.H. Lo ◽  
M.C. Ho ◽  
T.H. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Inverse Method ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Steel Roller ◽  
Fire Environment ◽  
Hot Surface

The hybrid inverse method to estimate the optimal water flow rate and surface temperature on the hot surface of the steel roller shutter with water film cooling system subjected to a fire environment is presented in this paper. The results show that the effect of the down-flowing water film flow rate on the present estimates cannot be negligible. The water-film system combined with the steel roller shutter can effectively improve the heat resistance and the temperature of the shutter slat surface can be controlled to around 100 °C. The optimal water flow rate is 110 L/min for a typical 3m x 3m steel roller shutter with water film cooling system.

scholarly journals Controlling the Distribution of Cold Water in Air Cooling Systems of Underground Mines

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikodem Szlązak ◽  
Dariusz Obracaj ◽  
Justyna Swolkień ◽  
Kazimierz Piergies
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Pipeline Network

Abstract In Polish underground mines in which excavations are subjected to high heat load, central and group cooling systems based on indirect cooling units are implemented. Chilled water, referred to as cold water and produced in chillers, is distributed through a pipeline network to air coolers located in mining and development districts. The coolers are often moved to other locations and the pipeline network undergoes constant modification. In such a system, parameters of cold water in different branches of the pipeline network need to be controlled. The article presents the principles for controlling the cooling capacity of air coolers installed in an underground mine. Also, the authors propose automatic control of water flow rate in underground pipeline network and in particular coolers, depending on the temporary cooling load in the system. The principles of such a system, controlling cold water distribution, and the functions of its individual components are described. Finally, an example of an automatic control of water flow rate in a central cooling system currently implemented in a mine is presented.

scholarly journals Flow Measurements Using a Sluice Gate; Analysis of Applicability

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kubrak ◽  
Janusz Kubrak ◽  
Adam Kiczko ◽  
Michał Kubrak
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Sluice Gate ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Discharge Coefficients ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Submerged Conditions

This study analyzes the possibilities of using an irrigation sluice gate in submerged conditions to measure water flow rate. Hydraulic experiments on sluice gate discharge capacity were performed on a model made on a 1:2 scale. Measurements were taken for the submerged flow of the sluice gate. Nomograms and relationships for discharge coefficients of the analyzed sluice gate were developed. The possibility of using the existing nomogram for discharge capacity of the submerged sluice gate to determine the discharge capacity of the modeled gate was also investigated. The effect of narrowing of the sluice gate cross-section resulting from different mounting techniques on its capacity was explained. The analyses confirmed the possibility of using the formulas for the submerged sluice gate to estimate the flow through the irrigation sluice gate.

scholarly journals The Effect of Unsteady Water Discharge through Dams of Hydroelectric Power Plants on Hydrodynamic Regimes of the Upper Pools of Waterworks

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Tatyana Lyubimova ◽  
Yanina Parshakova ◽  
Anatoly Lepikhin ◽  
Yury Lyakhin ◽  
Alexey Tiunov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Hydrodynamic Regime ◽  
Hydroelectric Power

The hydrological regimes of surface water bodies, as a rule, are unsteady. However, accounting for the non-stationarity substantially complicates the hydrodynamic calculations. Because of this, the scenario approach is traditionally used in the calculations. Characteristic scenarios are set with constant hydrological characteristics throughout the time covered in the calculations. This approach is fully justified if the characteristic time of the change in water flow rate is much longer than the calculation time. However, nowadays, tasks are becoming more and more urgent when accounting for flow variability during calculation period becomes crucial. First of all, such a problem arises when assessing the effect of non-stationary water discharge through hydroelectric power plant dams on the hydrodynamic regime of both the upper and lower pools of the reservoir. In the present paper, the effect of the intraday variability of the Kamskaya Hydroelectric Power Plant (Kamskaya HEPP) operation on the peculiarities of the hydrodynamic regimes of the near-dam part of the upper pool of the Kama reservoir is described. The importance of the problem is determined by the location of the main drinking water intake of Perm city and one of the largest thermal power plants (TPP) in Europe, Permskaya TPP, in this part of the reservoir. This TPP uses a direct-flow cooling system from the Kama reservoir, which is very sensitive to the peculiarities of the hydrodynamic regime of the reservoir. The computational experiments based on the combined hydrodynamic models in 2D/3D formulations have shown that the intraday oscillations of the discharge flow rate through the dam of the HEPP have a very significant effect on the hydrodynamic regime of the reservoir in the vicinity of the Permskaya TPP; therefore, these effects must be taken into account when minimizing the risks of thermal effluents entering the intake channel of the Permskaya TPP.

scholarly journals Performance of Solar Absorption-Subcooled Compression Hybrid Cooling System for Different Flow Rates of Hot Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfang Zhang ◽  
Zeyu Li ◽  
Yue Jing ◽  
Yongrui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Daily Energy

The solar absorption-subcooled compression hybrid cooling system (SASCHCS) is tech-economically feasible for high-rise buildings. Since such a system operates with no auxiliary heat source, the performance coupling of its absorption subsystem and solar collectors is sensitive to the variation of hot water flow rate. In this regard, the relationship of system performance and hot water flow rate is required to be clarified exactly. Therefore, this paper aims to illustrate the effect mechanism of hot water flow rate and to propose the corresponding decision criterion. The case study is based on a typical high-rise office building in subtropical Guangzhou. The daily working process of this system with different hot water flow rates is simulated and analyzed. Subsequently, the useful heat of collectors and cooling capacity of the absorption subsystem with the hot water flow rate is discussed in detail. The results show that the SASCHCS operates with hot water temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 90 °C. The energy saving increases with the rise of hot water flow rate, but such variation tends to be flat for the excessively high flow rate. As the collector flow rate increases from 1 m3/h to 10 m3/h, the daily energy saving improves by 21% in August. Similarly, the daily energy saving increases by 37.5% as generator hot water flow rate increases from 1 m3/h to 10 m3/h. In addition, the collector flow rate of 3.6 m3/h (13.33 (kg/m2 h)) and the generator flow rate of 5.2 m3/h (19.26 (kg/m2 h)) are optimal for the annual operation, with considering power consumption of water pumps. This paper is helpful for the improvement of SASCHCS operating performance.

scholarly journals Impact of Pitot tube calibration on the uncertainty of water flow rate measurement

2015 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 012005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Icaro de Oliveira Buscarini ◽  
Andre Costa Barsaglini ◽  
Paulo Jose Saiz Jabardo ◽  
Nilson Massami Taira ◽  
Gilder Nader
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Pitot Tube ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Flow Rate Measurement

scholarly journals Effect of pad water flow rate on evaporative cooling system efficiency in laying hen housing

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saied Ghoname
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Saturation Efficiency ◽  
The Mean

An experiment was conducted in three commercial laying hen houses with 32-week-old hens in the summer of 2017 in a commercial farm in Gharbia Province, Egypt (31.06ºN, 31.16ºE) using an evaporative pad cooling system to determine the most suitable water flow rate for maintaining indoor air temperature within the thermal comfort zone. The experiment was conducted using three different water flow rates, i.e. 4.76, 5.65, and 6.35 L min–1.m–2, to assess the effect of different water flow rates on evaporative pad cooling system performance and determine the most suitable water flow rate for maintaining the thermal comfort zone of laying hens. The evaporative pad cooling system maintained the mean indoor air temperature below 28°C. The mean indoor air relative humidity during the experimental period ranged from 72.6 to 73.8%. The 4.76 L min–1.m–2 water flow rate resulted in the highest saturation efficiency (ca. 73.75%). In contrast, the 6.35 L min–1 m–2 water flow rate resulted in the lowest saturation efficiency (70.63%). The mean cooling energy values were 69.11, 66.0, and 66.65 kwh for water flow rates of 4.76, 5.56, and 6.35 Lmin–1m–2, respectively. The highest temperature-humidity index was 27.78°C, which indicated that birds were not stressed in all treatments.

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