pitot tube
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Author(s):  
Jan Deylen ◽  
Jessica Köpplin ◽  
Dominique Thevenin

Abstract A Pitot-tube Jet-Pump (PTJ pump) has been considerably modified and extended in order to continuously separate and transport liquids of different densities. As a first application, an oil-water mixture is considered in this work. The modified PTJ pump could be used as a primary separator for oil-polluted water (e.g., around off-shore platforms, after oil spills from ships), while additionally being able to transport the resulting fluid to further heaters, exchangers, centrifuges, distillation columns, etc., without necessitating additional machinery. The performance behavior of the separating PTJ pump (abbreviated SPP in what follows) has been first investigated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and then validated by comparison with experimental data acquired on a small-scale prototype. Based on these observations, a design tool has been developed to (i) predict performance and (ii) support proper device scaling. This tool is based on dimensionless parameters that are already employed for classical turbomachinery, similar to the Cordier chart. However, since the SPP works at an extremely low specific speed, its operating points lie outside the standard Cordier chart. To verify the accuracy of the design tool, a scale-up test has been conducted and validated by CFD, delivering a good agreement. A separation efficiency better than 99% has been obtained in the experiments for suitable operation conditions, while the numerical scale-up test reveals a head of 15.1 m and an oil content below 0.2% in the purified water at the High-Pressure Outlet.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2325
Author(s):  
Gennaro Ariante ◽  
Salvatore Ponte ◽  
Umberto Papa ◽  
Giuseppe Del Core

Fixed and rotary-wing unmanned aircraft systems (UASs), originally developed for military purposes, have widely spread in scientific, civilian, commercial, and recreational applications. Among the most interesting and challenging aspects of small UAS technology are endurance enhancement and autonomous flight; i.e., mission management and control. This paper proposes a practical method for estimation of true and calibrated airspeed, Angle of Attack (AOA), and Angle of Sideslip (AOS) for small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, up to 20 kg mass, 1200 ft altitude above ground level, and airspeed of up to 100 knots) or light aircraft, for which weight, size, cost, and power-consumption requirements do not allow solutions used in large airplanes (typically, arrays of multi-hole Pitot probes). The sensors used in this research were a static and dynamic pressure sensor (“micro-Pitot tube” MPX2010DP differential pressure sensor) and a 10 degrees of freedom (DoF) inertial measurement unit (IMU) for attitude determination. Kalman and complementary filtering were applied for measurement noise removal and data fusion, respectively, achieving global exponential stability of the estimation error. The methodology was tested using experimental data from a prototype of the devised sensor suite, in various indoor-acquisition campaigns and laboratory tests under controlled conditions. AOA and AOS estimates were validated via correlation between the AOA measured by the micro-Pitot and vertical accelerometer measurements, since lift force can be modeled as a linear function of AOA in normal flight. The results confirmed the validity of the proposed approach, which could have interesting applications in energy-harvesting techniques.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-474
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Takahashi ◽  
Masaru Naruoka ◽  
Yoshinobu Inada ◽  
Katsufumi Sato ◽  
◽  
...  

This paper presents a seabird biologging system with a compact waterproof airflow sensor. Although biologging methods have attracted attention in the evaluation of seabird flight performance, a direct measurement method of airflow velocity has not yet been established. When an airflow sensor is added to a biologging system, a more accurate assessment of the flight performance can be obtained. We developed a compact Pitot tube-type airflow sensor that is specialized for seabird biologging systems. Here, we integrated micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) sensor chips and a sensing circuit into the Pitot tube housing. Then, we conducted a wind tunnel experiment using a stuffed seabird and the fabricated sensor. The results confirmed that the sensor responds to the wind speed even when attached to the dorsal surface of the seabird. Based on the above, we believe that the proposed sensor can be applied to practical seabird biologging systems.


Author(s):  
Андрей Евгеньевич Скугаров ◽  
Светлана Анатольевна Микаева

В статье описаны датчики массового расхода воздуха. Авторы приводят типы различных конструкций, принцип действия и способы определения расхода воздуха. В основе конструкции датчика лежит трубка Пито и закреплённая пластина, которая деформируется под давлением воздуха. The article describes the sensors of mass air flow.The authors give the types of various structures, the principle of operation and methods for determining the air flow rate. The sensor design is based on a Pitot tube and a fixed plate that deforms under air pressure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Lhiung Phung Hwa

Open and closed channel flow flows are distinct, the flow in the channels will constantly change. The flow will also be altered if the water level or flow velocity changes. It was found that employing the Pitot Tube Portable yielded findings identical to those calculated by other methods. A water transfer system is made up of natural or artificial structures via which water is moved from one site to another. The carrier building may be open or closed, depending on whether you want to utilize it as a shipping or receiving location. An open channel with a relatively narrow opening at the top is known as an open conduit. The speed data collection technique is carried out vertically, with a review point as illustrated above. The velocity of the flow was measured using a Pitot Tube Portable Automatic tool. The results are entered into the Froude number (fr) after each review point to determine the type of velocity flow at each Review point. The normal flow velocity distribution pattern emerges at the measurement sites of 450 cm, 500 cm, and 550 cm.


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