scholarly journals Residential Total Energy System Testing at the Canadian Centre for Housing Technology

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yang ◽  
M. A. Douglas ◽  
J. Gusdorf ◽  
F. Szadkowski ◽  
E. Limouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Storage Tank

This paper outlines a demonstration project planned and implemented at the Canadian Centre for Housing Technology (CCHT) in 2006. The CCHT, located on the campus of the National Research Council (NRC) in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada maintains two identical, detached, single-family houses that have the capacity to assess energy and building technologies in side by side comparisons with daily simulated occupancy effects. The paper describes the residential integrated total energy system being installed in one of the homes at the CCHT for this demonstration, consisting of two one-ton ground source heat pumps, an air handler with supplemental/back-up hydronic heating capability, a natural gas fired storage type water tank, an indirect domestic hot water storage tank and a multistage thermostat capable of controlling the system. There is also a description of the bore-field, consisting of three vertical wells arranged to suit a typical suburban landscape. Two of the wells serve the heat pumps; the third well is arranged between the other two to sink the waste heat from a cogeneration unit. The 6 kWe cogeneration unit to be installed in May 2007 is also described. The heat pump system was deliberately sized to satisfy the cooling load in Canada’s heat dominated climate, leaving room in the operation of the system to accept waste heat from the cogeneration unit, either directly or indirectly through recycling the heat through the ground to the heat pumps. This paper presents and discusses preliminary testing results during the fall of 2006 and modeling work of the ground heat exchanger component of the system and therefore sets the stage for performance modeling work that is currently underway at Natural Resources Canada (NRCan).

scholarly journals A methodology for designing decentralised energy systems with predictive control for heat pumps and thermal storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06014
Author(s):  
Andrew Lyden ◽  
Paul Tuohy
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Thermal Characteristic ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Electricity Cost

Decentralised energy systems provide the potential for adding energy system flexibility by separating demand/supply dynamics with demand side management and storage technologies. They also offer an opportunity for implementing technologies which enable sector coupling benefits, for example, heat pumps with controls set to use excess wind power generation. Gaps in this field relating to planning-level modelling tools have previously been identified: thermal characteristic modelling for thermal storage and advanced options for control. This paper sets out a methodology for modelling decentralised energy systems including heat pumps and thermal storage with the aim of assisting planning-level design. The methodology steps consist of: 1) thermal and electrical demand and local resource assessment methods, 2) energy production models for wind turbines, PV panels, fuel generators, heat pumps, and fuel boilers, 3) bi-directional energy flow models for simple electrical storage, hot water tank thermal storage with thermal characteristics, and a grid-connection, 4) predictive control strategy minimising electricity cost using a 24-hour lookahead, and 5) modelling outputs. Contributions to the identified gaps are examined by analysing the sensible thermal storage model with thermal characteristics and the use of the predictive control. Future extensions and applications of the methodology are discussed.

scholarly journals Measurement and Verification of Integrated Ground Source Heat Pumps on a Shared Ground Loop

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Soo Shin ◽  
Jong Woo Park ◽  
Sean Hay Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Ground Source

We propose an integrated geothermal system that consists of air-conditioning and hot water service ground source heat pumps, both of which share a ground water loop. The proposed system increases the COP of the service hot water ground source heat pump by recovering the condensation heat of the air-conditioning ground source heat pump as an evaporator heat source for the hot water service ground source heat pump. Eventually this integration expands the scope and capacity of the evaporator source in addition to the underground water of heat exchangers, which also leads to increase the COP of the air-conditioning ground source heat pump. The integrated geothermal heat pump system was installed in a hotel, and then data were measured for a limited period due to the hotel’s ongoing business activities. A TRNSYS simulation model has been developed as a baseline, and the baseline has been calibrated with the measured data. By running one-year simulations, it turns out that the annual electricity use for heating and cooling, and service hot water was reduced by 19.1% in the cooling season, and by 9.6% in the heating season, with respect to the conventional configuration in which the air-conditioning heat pump and hot water service heat pump work individually on their own ground loops.

scholarly journals Seasonal storage of residential exhaust air and sewage waste heat

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Janne Hirvonen ◽  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Risto Kosonen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Sewage Waste

Most Finnish residential buildings have been built before ventilation heat recovery options became mandatory. Exhaust air heat pumps are an effective way to reduce emissions, but they cannot cover all heating demand. Ground-source heat pumps can be designed to meet all loads, but they require corresponding amounts of space both above and below ground. This simulation study combines residential ventilation and sewage waste heat with a ground-source heat pump system to improve system sustainability and cost-effectiveness. A hybrid waste heat and ground-source heat pump system was shown to have 20% lower life cycle costs compared to a pure ground-source heat pump system. It also maintained sustainable ground temperature levels over the long term, while reducing above-ground space requirements by 95%.

scholarly journals Long-Term Performance Measurement and Analysis of a Small-Scale Ground Source Heat Pump System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4527
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Hongyi Zhang ◽  
Saqib Javed
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Seasonal Performance

Recent data suggest that heat pumps, despite having the potential to cover over 90% of the global space and water heating demands, only provide less than 5% of global heating. Heat pumps, in general, and ground source heat pumps, specifically, offer significant potential for energy savings and carbon emissions reduction in buildings. The realization of these potential benefits, however, requires proper design, installation, and operation of the entire heat pump system. This paper presents the performance analysis of a Swedish ground source heat pump system providing space heating and hot water to a sports clubhouse. The installation has been carefully instrumented to enable full characterization of the whole system including auxiliary components such as circulation pumps and supplementary heating. Seasonal performance factors, calculated for monthly and annual periods using high-quality, high-resolution measurement data collected over three years of system operation, have been reported based on the SEPEMO (SEasonal PErformance factor and MOnitoring for heat pump systems) and Annex 52 boundary schemes for evaluating and benchmarking the performance of the ground source heat pump system. The auxiliary system components were shown to have a large impact on the overall performance of the system. In particular, the legionella protection system was found to affect performance considerably. Recommendations as to how to improve the performance of the system under study and other similar systems are made from the design, installation, and operation perspectives.

DETERMINING THE PROFITABILITY OF GREENHOUSE ELECTROTECHNOLOGIES: A MODELING APPROACH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249a-249
Author(s):  
Eric A. Lavoie ◽  
Damien de Halleux ◽  
André Gosselin ◽  
Jean-Claude Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Marketable Fruit

The main objective of this research was to produce a simulated model that permitted the evaluation of operating costs of commercial greenhouse tomato growers with respect to heating methods (hot air, hot water, radiant and heat pumps) and the use of artificial lighting for 1991 and 1992. This research showed that the main factors that negatively influence profitability were energy consumption during cold periods and the price of tomatoes during the summer season. The conventional hot water system consumed less energy than the heat pump system and produced marketable fruit yields similar to those from the heat pump system. The hot water system was generally more profitable in regards to energy consumption and productivity. Moreover, investment costs were less; therefore, this system gives best overall financial savings. As for radiant and hot air systems, their overall financial status falls between that of the hot water system and the heat pump. The radiant system proved to be more energy efficient that the hot air system, but the latter produced a higher marketable fruit yield over the 2-year study.

scholarly journals Local Heating Networks with Waste Heat Utilization: Low or Medium Temperature Supply?

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Kauko ◽  
Daniel Rohde ◽  
Armin Hafner
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Medium Temperature

District heating enables an economical use of energy sources that would otherwise be wasted to cover the heating demands of buildings in urban areas. For efficient utilization of local waste heat and renewable heat sources, low distribution temperatures are of crucial importance. This study evaluates a local heating network being planned for a new building area in Trondheim, Norway, with waste heat available from a nearby ice skating rink. Two alternative supply temperature levels have been evaluated with dynamic simulations: low temperature (40 °C), with direct utilization of waste heat and decentralized domestic hot water (DHW) production using heat pumps; and medium temperature (70 °C), applying a centralized heat pump to lift the temperature of the waste heat. The local network will be connected to the primary district heating network to cover the remaining heat demand. The simulation results show that with a medium temperature supply, the peak power demand is up to three times higher than with a low temperature supply. This results from the fact that the centralized heat pump lifts the temperature for the entire network, including space and DHW heating demands. With a low temperature supply, heat pumps are applied only for DHW production, which enables a low and even electricity demand. On the other hand, with a low temperature supply, the district heating demand is high in the wintertime, in particular if the waste heat temperature is low. The choice of a suitable supply temperature level for a local heating network is hence strongly dependent on the temperature of the available waste heat, but also on the costs and emissions related to the production of district heating and electricity in the different seasons.

scholarly journals Self-Sufficiency and Energy Savings of Renewable Thermal Energy Systems for an Energy-Sharing Community

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4284
Author(s):  
Min-Hwi Kim ◽  
Youngsub An ◽  
Hong-Jin Joo ◽  
Dong-Won Lee ◽  
Jae-Ho Yun
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Energy Sharing

Due to increased grid problems caused by renewable energy systems being used to realize zero energy buildings and communities, the importance of energy sharing and self-sufficiency of renewable energy also increased. In this study, the energy performance of an energy-sharing community was investigated to improve its energy efficiency and renewable energy self-sufficiency. For a case study, a smart village was selected via detailed simulation. In this study, the thermal energy for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water was produced by ground source heat pumps, which were integrated with thermal energy storage (TES) with solar energy systems. We observed that the ST system integrated with TES showed higher self-sufficiency with grid interaction than the PV and PVT systems. This was due to the heat pump system being connected to thermal energy storage, which was operated as an energy storage system. Consequently, we also found that the ST system had a lower operating energy, CO2 emissions, and operating costs compared with the PV and PVT systems.

Energy Consumption Analysis of Animation-Park in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Jing Zheng ◽  
Meng Jun Yang ◽  
Wan Dong Zheng ◽  
Yun Kun Bu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Save Energy

Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city is a strategic cooperation project between China and Singapore to improve the living environment and build an eco-culture. Animation-park covers an area of 1 km2, with a total construction area of 7.7x105m2. Wide sources of the renewable energy, such as solar hot water system, ground source heat pump system, solar PV power generation system, and deep geothermal energy system, is strongly recommended to use in eco-city in order to save energy and protect the environment. The usage of renewable energy is seen as a complement to the conventional energy. The energy consumption of the animation park is 42926tce of coal per year, and the renewable energy that used is 4573.6tce of coal per year. The usage of renewable energy leads to the reduction in the emission of CO2 of 18895.9t per year.

scholarly journals Influence of the Thermometer Inertia on the Quality of Temperature Control in a Hot Liquid Tank Heated with Electric Energy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 4039
Author(s):  
Dawid Taler ◽  
Tomasz Sobota ◽  
Magdalena Jaremkiewicz ◽  
Jan Taler
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Storage Tank

This paper presents the medium temperature monitoring system based on digital proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control. For industrial thermometers with a complex structure used for measuring the temperature of the fluid under high pressure, the accuracy of the first-order model is inadequate. A second-order differential equation was applied to describe a dynamic response of a temperature sensor placed in a heavy thermowell (industrial thermometer). The quality of the water temperature control system in the tank was assessed when measuring the water temperature with a jacketed thermocouple and a thermometer in an industrial casing. A thermometer of a new design with a small time constant was also used to measure temperature. The quality of water temperature control in the hot water storage tank was evaluated using a classic industrial thermometer and a new design thermometer. In both cases, there was a K-type sheathed thermocouple inside the thermowell. Reductions in the time constant of the new thermometer are achieved by means of a steel casing with a small diameter hole inside which the thermocouple is precisely fitted. The time constants of the thermometers were determined experimentally with a jump in water temperature. A digital controller was designed to maintain the preset temperature in an electrically heated hot water tank. The function of the regulator was to adjust the power of the electrical heater to maintain a constant temperature of the liquid in the tank.

scholarly journals Research on Operation Optimization Strategy of Integrated Energy System Considering Ground Source Heat Pump

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Linfeng Wang ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Jingyan Wang ◽  
Danyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Operation Strategy ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Operation Optimization ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Integrated Energy System

With the depletion of fossil energy and the popularity of renewable energy, a comprehensive energy system with the goal of improving system energy efficiency and consuming renewable energy is booming. Based on the combined heat, power, and heat generation, this paper builds a comprehensive energy system operation optimization model in conjunction with ground source heat pumps. It aims to find the optimal operation strategy based on the actual situation of the park’s load, equipment capacity, and energy prices. Using the linear programming method, a mathematical model with the best economic efficiency of the integrated energy system is established, the optimal operation strategy for a typical day is analyzed, and the annual operation is simulated. Finally, it compares with conventional energy supply methods and analyzes the contribution to the consumption of renewable energy.

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