scholarly journals Influence of the Thermometer Inertia on the Quality of Temperature Control in a Hot Liquid Tank Heated with Electric Energy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 4039
Author(s):  
Dawid Taler ◽  
Tomasz Sobota ◽  
Magdalena Jaremkiewicz ◽  
Jan Taler
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Storage Tank

This paper presents the medium temperature monitoring system based on digital proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control. For industrial thermometers with a complex structure used for measuring the temperature of the fluid under high pressure, the accuracy of the first-order model is inadequate. A second-order differential equation was applied to describe a dynamic response of a temperature sensor placed in a heavy thermowell (industrial thermometer). The quality of the water temperature control system in the tank was assessed when measuring the water temperature with a jacketed thermocouple and a thermometer in an industrial casing. A thermometer of a new design with a small time constant was also used to measure temperature. The quality of water temperature control in the hot water storage tank was evaluated using a classic industrial thermometer and a new design thermometer. In both cases, there was a K-type sheathed thermocouple inside the thermowell. Reductions in the time constant of the new thermometer are achieved by means of a steel casing with a small diameter hole inside which the thermocouple is precisely fitted. The time constants of the thermometers were determined experimentally with a jump in water temperature. A digital controller was designed to maintain the preset temperature in an electrically heated hot water tank. The function of the regulator was to adjust the power of the electrical heater to maintain a constant temperature of the liquid in the tank.

Research on Constant Temperature Control System for Hot Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 1369-1372
Author(s):  
Feng Lian Qi ◽  
Wen Qiu Yu ◽  
Yong Xu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Water Volume

In view of the present that this defect of water heater shower valve of the water temperature does not direct the user to the water temperature and can't maintain a constant outlet water temperature for long time, innovating a new type of water temperature control device. The adjusting device used the system of single chip microcomputer STC89C52 as the core, real-time water temperature and hot and cold water temperature were collected by digital temperature sensor DS18B20, adjusted with PID control method, drive motor drive the angle of opening and closing of the blade in mechanism device, to change the water volume of the hot and cold water. the purpose of keeping water temperature gain on the users required temperature and keeping constant temperature, through data experiment shows that the adjustment system structure is simple, running accurate effective and adjusting the steady and fast.

scholarly journals Domestic Hot Water Storage Tank Utilizing Phase Change Materials (PCMs): Numerical Approach

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Bayomy ◽  
Stephen Davies ◽  
Ziad Saghir
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Storage Efficiency ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Water Storage Tank

Thermal energy storage (TES) is an essential part of a solar thermal/hot water system. It was shown that TES significantly enhances the efficiency and cost effectiveness of solar thermal systems by fulfilling the gap/mismatch between the solar radiation supply during the day and peak demand/load when sun is not available. In the present paper, a three-dimensional numerical model of a water-based thermal storage tank to provide domestic hot water demand is conducted. Phase change material (PCM) was used in the tank as a thermal storage medium and was connected to a photovoltaic thermal collector. The present paper shows the effectiveness of utilizing PCMs in a commercial 30-gallon domestic hot water tank used in buildings. The storage efficiency and the outlet water temperature were predicted to evaluate the storage system performance for different charging flow rates and different numbers of families demands. The results revealed that increases in the hot water supply coming from the solar collector caused increases in the outlet water temperature during the discharge period for one family demand. In such a case, it was observed that the storage efficiency was relatively low. Due to low demand (only one family), the PCMs were not completely crystallized at the end of the discharge period. The results showed that the increases in the family’s demand improve the thermal storage efficiency due to the increases in the portion of the energy that is recovered during the nighttime.

scholarly journals Minimum Number of Experimental Data for the Thermal Characterization of a Hot Water Storage Tank

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4741
Author(s):  
María Gasque ◽  
Federico Ibáñez ◽  
Pablo González-Altozano
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Minimum Number

This paper demonstrates that it is possible to characterize the water temperature profile and its temporal trend in a hot water storage tank during the thermal charge process, using a minimum number of thermocouples (TC), with minor differences compared to experimental data. Four experimental tests (two types of inlet and two water flow rates) were conducted in a 950 L capacity tank. For each experimental test (with 12 TC), four models were developed using a decreasing number of TC (7, 4, 3 and 2, respectively). The results of the estimation of water temperature obtained with each of the four models were compared with those of a fifth model performed with 12 TC. All models were tested for constant inlet temperature. Very acceptable results were achieved (RMSE between 0.2065 °C and 0.8706 °C in models with 3 TC). The models were also useful to estimate the water temperature profile and the evolution of thermocline thickness even with only 3 TC (RMSE between 0.00247 °C and 0.00292 °C). A comparison with a CFD model was carried out to complete the study with very small differences between both approaches when applied to the estimation of the instantaneous temperature profile. The proposed methodology has proven to be very effective in estimating several of the temperature-based indices commonly employed to evaluate thermal stratification in water storage tanks, with only two or three experimental temperature data measurements. It can also be used as a complementary tool to other techniques such as the validation of numerical simulations or in cases where only a few experimental temperature values are available.

Modeling and Development of Copper Wire Annealing Fuzzy Control System Based on Temperature Detecting

2014 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Jun Xu ◽  
Yong Zhong Lin ◽  
Hong Yang Sun ◽  
Yi Gen Lu ◽  
Tian Lv
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Pi Control ◽  
Continuous Annealing ◽  
Fuzzy Pi Controller

Copper wire continuous annealing is a key process of the cable production line. The accuracy of the temperature control directly determines whether the quality of copper wire meets the requirements. In this paper, the fuzzy-PI compound controller was selected and the structure of the annealing temperature fuzzy-PI control system was designed based on temperature measurement. Through the simulation of traditional PI control system and the improved Fuzzy-PI control system, the results show that the Fuzzy-PI controller is better than traditional PI controller. It verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the Fuzzy -PI controller and proves that Fuzzy-PI algorithm can be successfully applied to the copper wire continuous annealing temperature control system.

The Design and Test for the Intermittent Work-Style Drying System

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 1728-1732
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Xue Song Tai
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Work Style ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Better Than

In order to improve the quality of microwave drying, we propose the microwave drying temperature control system which consists of microcontroller (AT89S52), temperature sensors (DS18b20) and other electronic components. The system can monitor the real-time temperature of the drying chamber and can control the drying process automatically , let the temperature cannot out of the permitted range(control the extent permitted automatically), these processes ensure the quality of the dried crop. The results shows that crops using the system are better than those that not used（using）. These tests proved (prove) that the microwave temperature control system can achieve its designed function.

A Correlation Analysis of Cooling-Induced Temperature Changes

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiebao Yang ◽  
Henry Hu ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Yeou-li Chu ◽  
Patrick Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Local Surface ◽  
Cooling Water Temperature ◽  
Die Temperature

Proper temperature control is essential for producing superior quality components and yielding high production rates in high temperature manufacturing processes. Due to the closure of machine tools such as casting dies during production, it is usually very difficult to monitor their local surface temperatures without destructively inserting thermal sensors into them. However, the measurement of cooling water temperature at the coolant outlet is relatively unproblematic. This work demonstrates that there is a correlation between these two temperatures. As an example, the effect of the local surface temperature of a casting die on the cooling water outlet temperature is analyzed from a laboratory die casting process simulator. Based on the system identification theory, a control-oriented linear time-invariant model has been developed, which correlates the local die temperature to the cooling water outlet temperature. The model enables the prediction of the local die temperature with the measurements of the cooling water temperature. Thus, it provides an alternative approach other than the destructive sensing method to acquire the local die temperatures, and the model could be applied to design a real-time temperature control system for die cooling process.

scholarly journals Performance Improvement of Water Temperature Control using Anti-windup Proportional Integral Derivative

2018 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Agung Surya Wibowo ◽  
Erwin Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Instability Problem

In this research, the controller was implemented in water temperature control system. This system has delay and saturation effect that caused instability problem in system. One of the effects occurred was windup effect. So, the implementation of controller needs to add anti-windup system. This paper described the comparison between 2 methods of controller design, conventional PID method and PID with Anti-Windup method.  The conventional PID method resulted the system that was hardly to achieve the steady state condition. This was caused by windup effect as the system get saturation. The integrator part in PID will get bigger. The solution to fix this instability problem was by using the PID with Anti-Windup. The result of experiment showed that the output response from the control system with the anti-windup PID has a more stable than that of the conventional PID

Research on Temperature Control System for Vacuum Annealing Furnace Based on Neural Network-PID

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 298-304
Author(s):  
Nai Lu Zhang ◽  
Li He ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Li Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Control System ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Annealing ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Annealing Furnace ◽  
Neural Network Pid

Vacuum annealing is an important part in rare metal tube production, accurate control of the annea ling temperature has enormous influence on the quality of tubes.According to the technological characteristics and temperature control requirements of the vacuum annealing furnace ,a high precision temperature control system was built based on IPC, intelligent temperature controller and thyratron transistor power-regulator.The neural network-PID strategy was proposed to control temperature online through OPC interface, which realized accurate control and automatic detection of the whole process of annealing temperature. Field data indicates that this system has realized the accurate control of the vacuum annealing temperature, effectively improves the quality of rare metal tubes and has extensive application value.

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