Estimating Demand Response Potential of Buildings Using a Predictive HVAC Model

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Froylan E. Sifuentes ◽  
Taylor Keep
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
Climate Analysis ◽  
And Control

Increasing penetration of intermittent renewable electricity into the grid, coupled with development of new communication and control strategies, is creating challenges and opportunities for demand response (DR) to balance the grid. This paper presents a model characterization of a controllable buildings Variable Air Volume HVAC (VAV HVAC) system capable of implementing control strategies that provide flexibility to the grid. A Model Predictive Controller (MPC) capable of reliably varying the modeled power by ±20%, or up to ±2 GW on a national scale, every five minutes without compromising occupants comfort was built. A climate analysis was performed in order to assess the availability of controllable resources in sixteen cities. It is found that this control strategy could be implemented up to 99% of the time in the hottest regions, but as low as 10% of the time in the coldest.

scholarly journals Model predictive control for buildings with active one-pipe hydronic heating

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04050
Author(s):  
Jiri Dostal ◽  
Tomas Baumelt
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Model Predictive Controller ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Variable Volume ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
In Series ◽  
Predictive Controller

One-pipe hydronic heating systems in their active (decentralized pumping) form promise great benefits over traditional two-pipe variable volume systems, and even more so over variable air volume systems. The heat exchanger units are connected in series, which presents its challenges and opportunities. This paper presents a model predictive controller capable of harnessing as many benefits as there is in the system when used in a building. A case study on a small office building illustrates the capabilities and validates the concept.

scholarly journals A Multi-Communication-Based Demand Response Implementation Structure and Control Strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Hongru Wang ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Xingquan Wu ◽  
Yi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Terminal Design ◽  
Hardware In Loop ◽  
And Control ◽  
Scale Control ◽  
Multi Agents

Demand response (DR) is widely accepted as a feasible and potential solution to improve the operation of the power system. In this paper, an economical and practical DR system architecture based on internet and Internet of things (IoT) communication technologies is discussed to achieve wide-area DR control without using an expensive metering infrastructure. Multi agents are introduced with respective control strategies to implement multi-time-scale control in a power system. In order to support quick DR strategies, a novel smart terminal design for the proposed DR system is described with functions of local parameter detection and action. The practicality of the proposed system was validated on a developed hardware-in-loop co-simulation platform.

Wave Energy Hyperbaric Converter: Small Scale Models, Prototype and Control Strategies

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segen F. Estefen ◽  
Paula B. Garcia-Rosa ◽  
Eliab Ricarte ◽  
Paulo Roberto da Costa ◽  
Marcelo M. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Climate Analysis ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
And Control

A device for electricity generation from ocean waves has been developed for installation on the Brazilian northeast coast. It is based on pumping modules and a two-stage accumulator linked to a hyperbaric chamber in order to provide a prescribed high pressure water flow, which operates a turbine coupled with an electrical generator. In the period between 2001 and 2007, wave tank testing of small-scale models have been carried out. A prototype with two pumping modules is presently installed in the Port of Pecém. This paper describes an overview of the device development since the first tests to the installation of the prototype. Wave climate analysis, design analysis and optimization studies have been developed and are briefly revised in this study. Furthermore, control strategies are proposed to optimize the electrical output considering the proper combination of both pressure and flow rate as a function of the predominant wave climate, when the applied pressure is constant and the generator is a synchronous machine.

scholarly journals Moving from rhetoric to action: how Africa can use scientific evidence to halt the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olushayo Oluseun Olu ◽  
Joy Luba Lomole Waya ◽  
Sylvester Maleghemi ◽  
John Rumunu ◽  
David Ameh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
High Impact ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

Abstract The ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 has spread rapidly to all countries of the world. Africa is particularly predisposed to an escalation of the pandemic and its negative impact given its weak economy and health systems. In addition, inadequate access to the social determinants of health such as water and sanitation and socio-cultural attributes may constrain the implementation of critical preventive measures such as hand washing and social distancing on the continent. Given these facts, the continent needs to focus on targeted and high impact prevention and control strategies and interventions which could break the chain of transmission quickly. We conclude that the available body of scientific evidence on the coronavirus disease 2019 holds the key to the development of such strategies and interventions. Going forward, we recommend that the African research community should scale up research to provide scientific evidence for a better characterization of the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, prevention and control of the virus on the continent.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and PFGE Molecular Typing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chickens in South Korea from 2013 to 2018

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Jun-Feng Zhang ◽  
Ke Shang ◽  
Jong-Yeol Park ◽  
Yea-Jin Lee ◽  
Yu-Ri Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pfge Type ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Horizontal Spread ◽  
And Control

Antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes of collected S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates were investigated to examine the epidemiological relationship between field outbreak isolates of S. enterica ser. Gallinarum. Thirty S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates collected from poultry farms with FT outbreaks from 2013 to 2018 in South Korea were analyzed. All isolates were resistant to at least 3 of the 18 antimicrobials tested and exhibited an MDR phenotype. All isolates showed resistance to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and colistin. One isolate was resistant to 9 antimicrobials. The antimicrobial resistance profile, streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-colistin-nalidixic acid-ciprofloxacin-gentamicin (18/30, 60.0%), was the most prevalent. PFGE types were classified into 10 groups with a 100% correlation cutoff in dendrograms for 30 field isolates. The dominant PFGE types were 1 (8/30, 26.7%), 4 (7/30, 23.3%), and 9 (5/30, 16.7%). Interestingly some isolates collected from the same and different companies had the same PFGE type. We reported a high MDR rate in S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates. The present study highlights the occurrence of horizontal spread and cyclic contamination of MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum within the same company. Furthermore, we showed cross-contamination between different companies. The characterization of these isolates would be helpful in the development of prevention and control strategies for MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum infection in South Korea.

scholarly journals Control Strategies in Multi-Zone Air Conditioning Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Rismanchi ◽  
Juan Zambrano ◽  
Bryan Saxby ◽  
Ross Tuck ◽  
Mark Stenning
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

In a commercial building, a significant amount of energy is used by the ventilation systems to condition the air for the ‎indoor environments to satisfy the required quantity (temperature ‎and humidity) and quality (amount of fresh air). For many years, Variable Air Volume ‎‎(VAV) systems have been considered as the most efficient solutions by balancing the airflow volume based on the demand making them energy efficient when compared with the traditional Constant Air Volume (CAV) systems. However, the setpoints in VAV systems are ‎often misread by the sensors due to stratification and formation of pollutant pockets and ‎responding to design levels that overestimate the real-time demand conditions, which result in ‎waste of energy, thermal discomfort and unhealthy air. In general, VAV devices are expensive, complicated and prone to failures and ‎they are used only in medium and large projects. More recently, new technologies have evolved to solve this issue. In one of the new solutions, VAV motors terminals are replaced with flaps which are simpler and less expensive thus, they can be implemented ‎in a wider range of projects. In systems, balancing and supplying the optimal airflow ‎to reduce the energy consumption while delivering ideal thermal and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) levels are the ‎main challenges. In this paper, a comparison of the recent technologies with traditional VAV systems is presented to be used as a guild line for researchers and designers in the field of Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC)‎.

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