Mechanical Properties of Cold Worked Type 316L Stainless Steel in High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen: Investigation of Materials Properties in High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen—3

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Ohmiya ◽  
Hideki Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Type 316L ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

Safety of on-board high-pressure hydrogen fuel tanks and piping systems in hydrogen refueling station is one of the most important subjects for upcoming hydrogen society featured by fuel cell vehicles. Type 316L austenitic stainless steel is known as a material in which the effect of hydrogen on mechanical properties is very small, so JIS SUS316L is recognized as the standard material for 35MPa type on-board fuel tank liner in the Japanese standard JARI-S001. However, solution treated 316L does not always have sufficient 0.2% proof stress, and materials having higher proof stress are strongly needed. One of the solutions is work-hardening of the material, which is conventionally used for piping systems for high pressure gas facilities. In this study, the effect of hydrogen on mechanical properties of 40% cold worked 316L in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen at 45MPa was investigated. Results are as follows: Any significant effect of hydrogen was not recognized in tensile tests using round bar type specimens at room temperature and 85°C. In axial fatigue life tests using sand glass type specimens (stress ratio R = −1) at room temperature, not so large difference was observed on S-N curves in air and in high pressure hydrogen. However, a little influence was observed in fatigue crack growth tests using half inch CT specimens at room temperature (R = 0.05). Microstructure observation reveals that any martensitic transformation did not occur. The degradation of fatigue crack growth rate in high pressure gaseous hydrogen is probably caused by the work hardened δ-ferrite which is generally contained in thick materials. However the effect of hydrogen is only limited and 40% cold worked type 316L stainless steel is considered to be used in high pressure hydrogen gas just like solution treated one.

Effect of High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen on the Tensile Properties of Four Types of Stainless Steels: Investigation of Materials Properties in High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen—1

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Ductility Loss ◽  
Hydrogen Storage System ◽  
Type 316L ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

Practical application of fuel cell vehicle has started in the world, and high-pressure hydrogen tanks are currently considered to be the mainstream hydrogen storage system for commercially implemented fuel cell vehicle. Application of metallic materials to the components of high-pressure hydrogen storage system: hydrogen tanks, valves, measuring instructions and so on, have been discussed. In this work, tensile properties of four types of stainless steels were evaluated in 45MPa (6527psig) and 75MPa (10878psig) high-pressure gaseous hydrogen at a slow strain rate of 3×10−6 s−1 at ambient temperature. Type 316L (UNS S31603) stainless steel hardly showed ductility loss in gaseous hydrogen, since it had stable austenitic structure. On the other hand, Type 304 (UNS S30400) metastable austenitic stainless steel showed remarkable ductility loss in gaseous hydrogen, which was caused by the hydrogen embrittlement of strain induced martensitic phase. Likewise, Type 205 (UNS S20500) nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel showed remarkable ductility loss in gaseous hydrogen, though it had stable austenitic structure in the same manner as Type 316L. The ductility loss of Type 205 was due to the hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic phase resulting from the formation of planar dislocation array. Furthermore, Type 329J4L (UNS S31260) duplex stainless steel showed extreme ductility loss in gaseous hydrogen, which was caused by the hydrogen embrittlement of ferritic phase.

Effect of High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen on Fatigue Properties of SUS304 and SUS316 Austenitic Stainless Steel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Iijima ◽  
Hirotoshi Enoki ◽  
Junichiro Yamabe ◽  
Bai An
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Fatigue Life Test

A high pressure material testing system (max. pressure: 140 MPa, temperature range: −80 ∼ 90 °C) was developed to investigate the testing method of material compatibility for high pressure gaseous hydrogen. In this study, SSRT and fatigue life test of JIS SUS304 and SUS316 austenitic stainless steel were performed in high pressure gaseous hydrogen at room temperature, −45, and −80 °C. These testing results were compared with those in laboratory air atmosphere at the same test temperature range. The SSRT tests were performed at a strain rate of 5 × 10−5 s−1 in 105 MPa hydrogen gas, and nominal stress-strain curves were obtained. The 0.2% offset yield strength (Ys) did not show remarkable difference between in hydrogen gas and in laboratory air atmosphere for SUS304 and SUS316. Total elongation after fracture (El) in hydrogen gas at −45 and −80 °C were approximately 15 % for SUS304 and 20% for SUS316. In the case of fatigue life tests, a smooth surface round bar test specimen with a diameter of 7 mm was used at a frequency of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 Hz under stress rate of R = −1 (tension-compression) in 100 MPa hydrogen gas. It can be seen that the fatigue life test results of SUS304 and SUS316 showed same tendency. The fatigue limit at room temperature in 100 MPa hydrogen gas was comparable with that in laboratory air. The room temperature fatigue life in high pressure hydrogen gas appeared to be the more severe condition compared to the fatigue life at low temperature. The normalized stress amplitude (σa / Ts) at the fatigue limit was 0.37 to 0.39 for SUS304 and SUS316 austenitic stainless steels, respectively.

Tribological Characterization of Polymeric Sealing Materials in High Pressure Hydrogen Gas

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Sawae ◽  
Kanao Fukuda ◽  
Eiichi Miyakoshi ◽  
Shunichiro Doi ◽  
Hideki Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Surface Oxide Layer ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
Sealing Materials ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

Bearings and seals used in fuel cell vehicles and related hydrogen infrastructures are operating in pressurized gaseous hydrogen. However, there is a paucity of available data about the friction and wear behavior of materials in high pressure hydrogen gas. In this study, authors developed a pin-on-disk type apparatus enclosed in a high pressure vessel and characterized tribological behavior of polymeric sealing materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based composites, in gaseous hydrogen pressurized up to 40 MPa. As a result, the friction coefficient between graphite filled PTFE and austenitic stainless steel in 40 MPa hydrogen gas became lower compared with the friction in helium gas at the same pressure. The chemical composition of worn surfaces was analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) after the wear test. Results of the chemical analysis indicated that there were several differences in chemical compositions of polymer transfer film formed on the stainless disk surface between high pressure hydrogen environment and high pressure helium environment. In addition, the reduction of surface oxide layer of stainless steel was more significant in high pressure hydrogen gas. These particular effects of the pressurized hydrogen gas on the chemical condition of sliding surfaces might be responsible for the tribological characteristics in the high pressure hydrogen environment.

Study on Hydrogen Compatibility of S31603 Weld Joints in 98MPa Gaseous Hydrogen

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi He ◽  
Zhengli Hua ◽  
Jinyang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Secondary Cracks ◽  
Fracture Behaviors ◽  
Tensile Data ◽  
Fracture Features ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

Austenitic stainless steel of the 300 series and their welds are widely employed in the production, storage and distribution infrastructures of gaseous and liquid hydrogen. However, hydrogen compatibility of their welds has not been completely understood, especially in high-pressure hydrogen environment. In this study, the influence of 98MPa high pressure gaseous hydrogen on the tensile properties and fracture behaviors of three kinds of S31603 weld joints were investigated, including SMAW, SAW and TIG welds. The tensile data indicated that hydrogen caused the ductility loss of the SAW and TIG weld joints, particularly for the TIG welds. For the SMAW weld joints, hydrogen had little impact on its ductility. Fractographic analysis revealed that hydrogen scarcely induced a change in the fracture mode of the SMAW welds. Different from this, the SAW and TIG welds were found to exhibit an obvious susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement in this study, particularly for the TIG welds, based on the change of fracture features from dimples to facets, striations and secondary cracks. Additionally, both fracture surfaces of the SMAW and SAW welds contained some inclusions where the secondary cracks were promoted.

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