Anatomy of the Calandria Tube Rolled Joint

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Metzger ◽  
E. Araujo ◽  
D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Tool Setting ◽  
Leak Tightness

In CANDU™ (Canadian Deuterium Uranium) Reactors, the joint between the Calandria tubes to the Calandria tubesheets is achieved by roller expanded joints. This paper models a detailed account of the Calandria tube joint fabrication and deformation. Numerical simulation illustrates the mechanisms of bending and compression that cause the plastic deformation in the joint. Results show that the insert deformation must pinch the Calandria tube both axially and radially at groove edges to create leak tightness. Predicted rolling forces have been used to quantify the elastic deformation in the rollers and mandrel, and the final tool setting is seen to account for this springback as well as springback in the joint components.

The study of the elastic deformation of a flexible wheel by a cam wave generator

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Sava Ianici
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Elastic Field ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Elastic Deformations ◽  
Wave Generator ◽  
Two Stages

The paper presents the results of research on the study of the elastic deformation of a flexible wheel from a double harmonic transmission, under the action of a cam wave generator. Knowing exactly how the flexible wheel is deformed is important in correctly establishing the geometric parameters of the wheels teeth, allowing a better understanding and appreciation of the specific conditions of harmonic gearings in the two stages of the transmission. The veracity of the results of this theoretical study on the calculation of elastic deformations and displacements of points located on the average fiber of the flexible wheel was subsequently verified and confirmed by numerical simulation of the flexible wheel, in the elastic field, using the finite element method from SolidWorks Simulation.

PALEO: Plastically Annealed Lamina Emergent Origami

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Klett
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Deformation Potential ◽  
Flat Sheet

Origami is usually folded from a flat sheet of material. Folding mostly works by introduction of plastic deformation into that sheet, resulting in a permanently altered region, viz., the crease. Lamina emergent mechanisms also start by definition from the flat state, but make use of compliant elements to provide mobility by elastic deformation. We introduce a combination of origami tessellations with LEM elements that are annealed in a (partially) collapsed state and retain this shape afterwards, while still offering the elastic deformation potential in the annealed shape. A number of such Plastically Annealed Lamina Emergent Origami structures or PALEOs have been successfully designed and tested.

scholarly journals Achievements in Micromagnetic Techniques of Steel Plastic Stage Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Drilling Method ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe investigation of plastic deformation and residual stress by non-destructive methods is a subject of large relevance for the industry. In this article, the difference between plastic and elastic deformation is discussed, as well as their effects on magnetic measurements, as hysteresis curve and Magnetic Barkhausen Noise. The residual stress data can be obtained with magnetic measurements and also by the hole drilling method and x-ray diffraction measurements. The residual stress level obtained by these three different methods is different, because these three techniques evaluate the sample in different depths. Effects of crystallographic texture on residual stress are also discussed. The magnetoelastic term should be included in micromagnetic methods for residual stress evaluation. It is discussed how the micromagnetic energy Hamiltonian should be expressed in order to evaluate elastic deformation. Plastic deformation can be accounted in micromagnetic models as a term that increases the coercive field in soft magnetic materials as the steels are.

Study on a straightening process by reciprocating bending for metal profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Qingdang Meng ◽  
Gaocao Yu ◽  
Xueying Huang ◽  
Honglei Sun ◽  
Jun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Physical Experiment ◽  
Rectangular Section ◽  
Residual Deflection ◽  
Section Profile ◽  
Different Shapes

The straightness is a critical quality parameter of metal profiles, and straightening is a necessary process in metal profile production. Due to the limitations of the existing straightening methods, the straightening process by reciprocating bending for metal profiles is proposed. The curvature is unified by multiple reciprocating bending, and then the straightening is completed by reverse bending. The process has the advantages of high straightening efficiency, flexibility, and wide straightening range. In order to verify the feasibility of the process, numerical simulation and physical experiment are carried out with the rectangular section profile with “C” shape and “S” shape. The results show the profiles of different shapes are unified into arcs of the same size after multiple reciprocating bending. In addition, the smaller the elastic area ratio (ratio of elastic deformation to overall deformation) is, the better the effect of unification curvature is. The residual deflection is basically the same after straightening, and straightness is within 0.1%.

Experimental evaluation of fracture properties of bovine hip cortical bone using elastic–plastic fracture mechanics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Waseem Ur Rahman ◽  
Rafiullah khan ◽  
Noor Rahman ◽  
Ziyad Awadh Alrowaili ◽  
Baseerat Bibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
American Society ◽  
Fracture Specimens

BACKGROUND: Understanding the fracture mechanics of bone is very important in both the medical and bioengineering field. Bone is a hierarchical natural composite material of nanoscale collagen fibers and inorganic material. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates and presents the fracture toughness of bovine cortical bone by using elastic plastic fracture mechanics. METHODS: The J-integral was used as a parameter to calculate the energies utilized in both elastic deformation (Jel) and plastic deformation (Jpl) of the hipbone fracture. Twenty four different types of specimens, i.e. longitudinal compact tension (CT) specimens, transverse CT specimens, and also rectangular unnotched specimens for tension in longitudinal and transverse orientation, were cut from the bovine hip bone of the middle diaphysis. All CT specimens were prepared according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E1820 standard and were tested at room temperature. RESULTS: The results showed that the average total J-integral in transverse CT fracture specimens is 26% greater than that of longitudinal CT fracture specimens. For longitudinal-fractured and transverse-fractured cortical specimens, the energy used in the elastic deformation was found to be 2.8–3 times less than the energy used in the plastic deformation. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the overall fracture toughness measured using the J-integral is significantly higher than the toughness calculated by the stress intensity factor. Therefore, J-integral should be employ to compute the fracture toughness of cortical bone.

Ductile deformation and microstructures

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-85
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Bouchez ◽  
Adolphe Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Applied Stress ◽  
Deformation Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Solid Materials

In contrast to the elastic deformation, which is reversible, usually neglected by field geologists but important for geophysicists working in seismology, ductile deformation is irreversible. This chapter is restricted to solid materials. Materials containing a melt fraction will be examined in Chapter 7. In the geological literature, ‘ductile’ is often used as a synonym for ‘plastic’. The latter is rather used, and will be used to specify deformation mechanisms that dominantly involve the action of dislocations. In contrast to brittle deformation, which by essence is discontinuous and highly localized (see Chapter 3), ductile deformation is generally continuous and affects large volumes of rock. However, ductile deformation may be concentrated into restricted rock volumes (or domains). Such localization is common in shear zones and/or when superplastic deformation mechanism is involved. Plastic deformation mechanisms naturally depend on temperature, magnitude of the applied stress, mineral nature and grain-size of the rocks. In upper parts of the crust, fluids are able to carry chemical elements over large distances and influence the deformation mechanisms. Micrographs of several microstructural types as well as deformation maps for olivine and calcite are given at the end of this chapter.

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