The Ultimate Strength of Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tanks Under Earthquakes: Seismic Capacity Test of Tanks Used in PWR Plants — Part 2, Static Post-Buckling Strength Tests

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Iijima ◽  
Kenichi Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Okafuji ◽  
Hideyuki Morita ◽  
Ryo Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Post Buckling ◽  
Buckling Test

Since 2002, Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES) has been carrying out seismic capacity tests for several types of equipment which significantly contribute to core damage frequency. The primary purpose of this study is to acquire the seismic capacity data of thin walled cylindrical liquid storage tanks in nuclear power plants and to establish an evaluation procedure of the ultimate strength. As for the refueling water storage tank and the condensate storage tank which are used in PWR plants, elephant-foot bulge (EFB) is the typical buckling behavior of those tanks and the primary failure mode to be focused on. In the previous study, by conducting the dynamic and static buckling tests with aluminum alloy, it was confirmed that static buckling test represents dynamic buckling and post-buckling behavior in terms of energy absorption capacity. In this study, static buckling tests with actual material were performed in order to evaluate the ultimate strength of real tanks. Although the buckling mode did not differ among materials, tests with actual materials (steel, stainless steel) resulted higher seismic capacity compared to the aluminum alloy, and inner water leakage occurred from the cracks initiated at the secondary buckling on the EFB section.

The Ultimate Strength of Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tanks Under Earthquakes: Seismic Capacity Test of Tanks Used in PWR Plants — Part 1, Evaluation Method Verification Test

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Iijima ◽  
Kenichi Suzuki ◽  
Hideyuki Morita ◽  
Shinsuke Murakami ◽  
Koichi Tai
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Dynamic Buckling ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Buckling Test

Since 2002, Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES) has been carrying out seismic capacity tests for several types of equipment which significantly contribute to core damage frequency. The primary purpose of this study is to acquire the seismic capacity data of thin walled cylindrical liquid storage tanks in nuclear power plants and to establish an evaluation procedure of the ultimate strength. As for the refueling water storage tank and the condensate storage tank which are used in PWR plants, elephant-foot bugle (EFB) is the typical buckling behavior of those tanks and the primary failure mode to be focused on. In the study, dynamic buckling tests were performed using scaled models of tanks. The input seismic acceleration was increased until the tanks reached the ultimate state at which internal water leaked from a crack on the sidewall. In addition, static buckling tests were performed in order to compare to the dynamic buckling tests and numerical simulation results. In the dynamic and static buckling tests, EFB occurred and internal water leaked at the EFB cross-section. Incremental deformation growth observed in the static buckling test was simulated by FEM, and analysis results showed a practically sufficient consistency in terms of out-of-plane displacement and local strain.

Investigation on Buckling Behavior of Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tanks Under Seismic Excitation: 2nd Report — Investigation on the Nonlinear Ovaling Vibration at the Upper Wall

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Morita ◽  
Tomohiro Ito ◽  
Koji Hamada ◽  
Akihisa Sugiyama ◽  
Yoji Kawamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Vertical Excitation ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Scaled Models

When a thin walled cylindrical liquid storage tank suffers a large seismic base excitation, buckling phenomena such as elephant foot bulge at the bottom portion and nonlinear ovaling vibration at the upper portion shows nonlinearity between the input and response level and suddenly occurs for the excessive input level, thus will be called as “nonlinear ovaling vibration” hereafter in this paper, may be caused. In the 1st report, the elephant foot bulge phenomena and the liquid pressure effects were investigated. In this 2nd report of the series of studies, the effect of nonlinear ovaling vibration phenomena were investigated based on the dynamic buckling tests using scaled models of thin walled cylindrical liquid storage tanks for nuclear power plants. The mechanism and the effect of vertical excitation and liquid sloshing were also studied and discussed.

Investigation on Buckling Behavior of Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tanks Under Seismic Excitation: 1st Report — Investigation on Elephant Foot Bulge

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Ito ◽  
Hideyuki Morita ◽  
Koji Hamada ◽  
Akihisa Sugiyama ◽  
Yoji Kawamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Shear Buckling ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Liquid Storage Tank

When a thin walled cylindrical liquid storage tank suffers a large seismic base excitation, buckling phenomena may be caused such as bending buckling at the bottom portion and shear buckling at the middle portion of the tank. However, the dynamic behaviors of the tanks is not fully clarified, especially those from the occurrence of buckling to some failures. In this study, bending buckling phenomena were focused which will be categorized as diamond buckling and elephant foot bulge. As ones of a series of studies, dynamic buckling tests were performed using large scale liquid storage tank models simulating thin walled cylindrical liquid storage tanks in nuclear power plants. The input seismic acceleration was increased until the elephant foot bulge occurred, and the vibrational behavior before and after buckling was investigated. In addition to the large scaled model tests, fundamental tests using small scaled tank models were also performed in order to clarify the effects of dynamic liquid pressure on the buckling threshold and deformation patterns.

scholarly journals Dynamic Responses of Liquid Storage Tanks Caused by Wind and Earthquake in Special Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jing ◽  
Huan Feng ◽  
Xuansheng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Tank Wall ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Earthquake Interaction ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Liquid Storage Tank

Based on potential flow theory and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method, shell–liquid and shell–wind interactions are solved respectively. Considering the nonlinearity of tank material and liquid sloshing, a refined 3-D wind–shell–liquid interaction calculation model for liquid storage tanks is established. A comparative study of dynamic responses of liquid storage tanks under wind, earthquake, and wind and earthquake is carried out, and the influences of wind speed and wind interference effect on dynamic responses of liquid storage tank are discussed. The results show that when the wind is strong, the dynamic responses of the liquid storage tank under wind load alone are likely to be larger than that under earthquake, and the dynamic responses under wind–earthquake interaction are obviously larger than that under wind and earthquake alone. The maximum responses of the tank wall under wind and earthquake are located in the unfilled area at the upper part of the tank and the filled area at the lower part of the tank respectively, while the location of maximum responses of the tank wall under wind–earthquake interaction is related to the relative magnitude of the wind and earthquake. Wind speed has a great influence on the responses of liquid storage tanks, when the wind speed increases to a certain extent, the storage tank is prone to damage. Wind interference effect has a significant effect on liquid storage tanks and wind fields. For liquid storage tanks in special environments, wind and earthquake effects should be considered reasonably, and wind interference effects cannot be ignored.

Seismic Response Analysis of Large Liquid Storage Tanks

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 2490-2493
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
You Hai Guan
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Seismic Response Analysis ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Liquid Storage Tank

Due to frequent earthquakes in recent years, the seismic safety of large storage tank is very important. In this paper, seismic response of large liquid storage tanks is analyzed. A model for liquid storage tank is established firstly. By modality analysis, dynamic behavior of large storage tank is obtained. After the model is excitated by seismic, seismic responses are obtained. The conclusions show that, without considering liquid-solid coupling, "elephant foot" buckling phenomenon doesn’t appear. This study provides reference for seismic design and seismic performance study of large storage tank.

Earthquake Response of Base-Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks for Different Isolator Models

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (05) ◽  
pp. 1450013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Kumar Saha ◽  
Vasant A. Matsagar ◽  
Arvind K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Earthquake Response ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Equivalent Linear ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liquid Storage Tank

The effect of different isolator parameters on earthquake response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks is investigated herein. Mechanical analog, with three lumped masses, is used to model ground supported base-isolated liquid storage tank, and analyzed for recorded earthquake ground accelerations. The nonlinear force–deformation behavior of the isolator is mathematically modeled in two different ways, represented by (a) equivalent linear elastic-viscous and (b) bi-linear hysteretic behaviors. The equations of motion for the base-isolated tank are derived and solved in the incremental form using Newmark's step-by-step method of integration. Two different configurations of liquid storage tank (i.e. broad and slender) are considered to show the effect of the equivalent linear and bi-linear modeling of the isolator on the important earthquake response quantities. Effect of nonlinear hysteretic modeling of the isolator on peak response of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks is also investigated. The effect on earthquake response of the base-isolated liquid storage tank is studied for different parameters of the isolator for a range of slenderness ratio of the tank. The parameters considered include the characteristic strength of the isolator, isolation time period, isolator yield displacement etc. Significant difference is observed in the earthquake response of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks owing to the equivalent linear and bi-linear modeling approaches of the isolator. However, for bi-linear and nonlinear hysteretic modeling of the isolator, difference between the peak earthquake response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks are insignificant. The earthquake response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks is significantly influenced by the variation in the isolator parameters and slenderness ratio of the tank.

RENOVATION OF CORRODED GIRDER END IN PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE WITH RESIN AND REBARS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ogami ◽  
Katashi Fujii ◽  
Tomoyuki Yamada ◽  
Hastumi Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Repair Method ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Post Buckling ◽  
Girder Bridge ◽  
Buckling Length ◽  
Plate Girder

There have been found a lot of corrosion damages recently in steel bridges aged for fifty or more years, especially in plate girder bridge, we can notice serious damages at girder ends involving supports. Then, the girder-end should be repaired adequately against the thickness loss caused by corrosion. This paper presents a repair method for corrosion damage at girder-end, in which rebars and shear connectors are fixed to the corroded member using with resin. In order to investigate the effect of recovered strength, we conducted axial compressive tests for six cruciform columns. One of the six specimens has no corrosion damage. The other five have the same unevenness imitated a corroded surface which is made artificially by drilling, for the purpose of grasping the quantitative effect by the repair method. During the test, ultimate strength and post buckling behavior of the cruciform columns are also investigated as well as recover effects. It is concluded from test results that this repair method can enhance the axial remaining strength sufficiently, beyond the ultimate strength of the non-corroded specimen because the buckling length become shorter by repaired resin thickness than the column length which is equal to the buckling length in the non-corroded case.

Buckling of Oil Storage Tanks in SPPL Tank Farm During the 1979 Imperial Valley Earthquake

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-F. Shih ◽  
C. D. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Tank Farm ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Oil Storage Tank

An oil storage tank that suffered damage during the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake is studied using a laboratory model. The tank is unanchored and includes a floating roof. The tank is subjected to a single horizontal axis base excitation. Buckling is studied under both harmonic and simulated earthquake base motion. The model buckling results are in reasonable agreement with the field observations. It was also found that the floating roof has no effect on the buckling behavior. Comparison with the API design provisions shows that the empirical model used as the basis of the code for both tip-over and buckling have little resemblance to the actual tank behavior.

scholarly journals Quantifying alkane emissions in the Eagle Ford Shale using boundary layer enhancement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Roest ◽  
Gunnar Schade
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Eagle Ford Shale ◽  
Eagle Ford ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Liquid Storage Tank

Abstract. The Eagle Ford Shale in southern Texas is home to a booming unconventional oil and gas industry, the climate and air quality impacts of which remain poorly quantified due to uncertain emissions estimates. We used the atmospheric enhancement of alkanes from Texas Commission on Environmental Quality volatile organic compound monitors across the shale, in combination with back trajectory and dispersion modeling, to quantify C2–C4 alkane emissions for a region in southern Texas, including the core of the Eagle Ford, for a set of 68 days from July 2013 to December 2015. Emissions were partitioned into raw natural gas and liquid storage tank sources using gas and headspace composition data, respectively, and observed enhancement ratios. We also estimate methane emissions based on typical ethane-to-methane ratios in gaseous emissions. The median emission rate from raw natural gas sources in the shale, calculated as a percentage of the total produced natural gas in the upwind region, was 0.8 % with an interquartile range (IQR) of 0.5 %–1.4 %, close to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) current estimates. However, storage tanks contributed 24 % of methane emissions, 54 % of ethane, 82% percent of propane, 90 % of n-Butane, and 83 % of isobutane emissions. The inclusion of liquid storage tank emissions results in an emission rate of 2.2 % (IQR of 0.9 4.9 %) relative to produced natural gas, exceeding the EPA estimate by a factor of two. We conclude that leaks from liquid storage tanks are likely a major source for the observed non-methane hydrocarbon enhancements in the northern hemisphere.

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