Development of the External Pressure Charts for 2¼Cr-1Mo and Mod.9Cr-1Mo Steel at Elevated Temperature Design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Ando ◽  
Satoshi Okajima ◽  
Kazumichi Imo
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Part D ◽  
Elevated Temperature Design ◽  
Minimum Stress ◽  
Design Yield ◽  
Strain Equation

Abstract For the required thickness estimation against buckling in the elevated temperature design, the external pressure chart for two kinds of ferritic steel, 2 1/4Cr-1Mo and Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel, was developed. On the basis of the guideline described in the ASME BPVC Section II, Part D, Mandatory Appendix 3 with mechanical and physical properties provided in the JSME fast reactor code, the external pressure charts for each material were constructed. The minimum stress-strain curve for evaluating the external pressure chart was applied the stress-strain equation with design yield strength, Sy, provided by the JSME fast reactor code. As a result, three external pressure charts with digital values were proposed for elevated temperature design. Moreover, the rationalization effect from the current alternative was evaluated by the sample problem. This proposal resolves two issues. One is alternative use of chart for lower strength material over the 150 °C. The other is the external pressure chart above 480°C for which ferritic steels are not available.

Numerical Simulation of the Four-Roll Bending Process for 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V Thick-Plate at Elevated Temperature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Wang ◽  
Guangxu Cheng ◽  
Zaoxiao Zhang ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Jianxiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Plate Bending ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
Bending Process

In this paper, the four-roll plate bending process of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel at elevated temperature is investigated by numerical simulation. This 3-D simulation is finished by using the elastic-plastic dynamic explicit finite element method (FEM) under the ANSYS/LS-DYNA environment. The strain softening behavior of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel at elevated temperature is presented and discussed. The stress-strain relationship of the steel plate is modeled using a piecewise linear material model, with the stress-strain curve obtained through tensile tests. The plate bending process with a plate thickness of 150 mm is investigated. The amount and position of maximum plastic deformation are analyzed. The present study provides an important basis for the optimization of bending parameters and further investigation of the effect of high-temperature deformation on the resistance to hydrogen attack of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel.

scholarly journals Non-Linear Analysis of Mode II Fracture in the end Notched Flexure Beam

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
V. Rizov
Keyword(s):  
Strain Curve ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Parametric Analyses ◽  
Strain Equation

Abstract Analysis is carried-out of fracture in the End Notched Flex- ure (ENF) beam configuration, taking into account the material nonlin- earity. For this purpose, the J-integral approach is applied. A non-linear model, based on the Classical beam theory is used. The mechanical be- haviour of the ENF configuration is described by the Ramberg-Osgood stress-strain curve. It is assumed that the material possesses the same properties in tension and compression. The influence is evaluated of the material constants in the Ramberg-Osgood stress-strain equation on the fracture behaviour. The effect of the crack length on the J-integral value is investigated, too. The analytical approach, developed in the present paper, is very useful for parametric analyses, since the simple formulae obtained capture the essentials of the non-linear fracture in the ENF con- figuration.

scholarly journals A Minimum Creep Rate for 2-1/4Cr-1Mo Steel Consistent With the ASME Section III, Division 5 Rules

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aritra Chakraborty ◽  
Mark C. Messner ◽  
T.-L. Sham
Keyword(s):  
Creep Rate ◽  
Minimum Creep Rate ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Rate Model ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Class A ◽  
Curve Model ◽  
Strain Equation

Abstract This technical note describes a minimum creep rate model for 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel that is consistent with the current creep strain equation embedded in the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section III, Division 5, Subsection HB, Subpart B isochronous stress–strain curves. Minimum creep rate models for all the Section III, Division 5 Class A materials are required for the development of improved high temperature design methods. Of all the Class A materials, only 2-1/4Cr-1Mo does not have a readily identifying minimum creep rate term in the current isochronous stress–strain curve model.

Stress-Strain Equation for Rubber in Tension

1959 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-408
Author(s):  
W. E. Claxton
Keyword(s):  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Elastic Coefficient ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Approximation Linear ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Secondary Bond ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Strain Equation

Abstract A stress-strain equation is derived for a homogeneous, isotropic material with the assumptions that for any given homogeneous simple tensile strain, the components of the stress tensor are to the first approximation linear, homogeneous functions of the components of the strain tensor and that no volume change occurs during the deformation. Utilizing the dependence of Poisson's ratio upon the extension referred to the initial coordinates, one elastic coefficient, C12, is found to be sufficient to roughly characterize the first stretch stress-strain curve. Although experimentally this elastic coefficient is found to be essentially constant for extensions greater than 250% its value increases rapidly as zero extension is approached. This behavior agrees qualitatively with data by Blanchard and Parkinson as to the distribution of secondary bond strengths, wherein they found a large number of relatively low-energy bonds which would be effective only at small extensions in contributing to modulus reinforcement. Various aspects of stress strain and cure behavior are examined with the derived equation as a basis.

scholarly journals Investigation of Changes in Fatigue Damage Caused by Mean Load under Block Loading Conditions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2738
Author(s):  
Roland Pawliczek ◽  
Tadeusz Lagoda
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Block Loading ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Strain

The literature in the area of material fatigue indicates that the fatigue properties may change with the number of cycles. Researchers recommend taking this into account in fatigue life calculation algorithms. The results of simulation research presented in this paper relate to an algorithm for estimating the fatigue life of specimens subjected to block loading with a nonzero mean value. The problem of block loads using a novel calculation model is presented in this paper. The model takes into account the change in stress–strain curve parameters caused by mean strain. Simulation tests were performed for generated triangular waveforms of strains, where load blocks with changed mean strain values were applied. During the analysis, the degree of fatigue damage was compared. The results of calculations obtained for standard values of stress–strain parameters (for symmetric loads) and those determined, taking into account changes in the curve parameters, are compared and presented in this paper. It is shown that by neglecting the effect of the mean strain value on the K′ and n′ parameters and by considering only the parameters of the cyclic deformation curve for εm = 0 (symmetric loads), the ratio of the total degree of fatigue damage varies from 10% for εa = 0.2% to 3.5% for εa = 0.6%. The largest differences in the calculation for ratios of the partial degrees of fatigue damage were observed in relation to the reference case for the sequence of block n3, where εm = 0.4%. The simulation results show that higher mean strains change the properties of the material, and in such cases, it is necessary to take into account the influence of the mean value on the material response under block loads.

scholarly journals Black rubber and the non-linear elastic response of scale invariant solids

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Baggioli ◽  
Víctor Cáncer Castillo ◽  
Oriol Pujolàs
Keyword(s):  
Strain Curve ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Nonlinear Stress ◽  
Hyper Elastic ◽  
Simple Class ◽  
Nonlinear Elastic

Abstract We discuss the nonlinear elastic response in scale invariant solids. Following previous work, we split the analysis into two basic options: according to whether scale invariance (SI) is a manifest or a spontaneously broken symmetry. In the latter case, one can employ effective field theory methods, whereas in the former we use holographic methods. We focus on a simple class of holographic models that exhibit elastic behaviour, and obtain their nonlinear stress-strain curves as well as an estimate of the elasticity bounds — the maximum possible deformation in the elastic (reversible) regime. The bounds differ substantially in the manifest or spontaneously broken SI cases, even when the same stress- strain curve is assumed in both cases. Additionally, the hyper-elastic subset of models (that allow for large deformations) is found to have stress-strain curves akin to natural rubber. The holographic instances in this category, which we dub black rubber, display richer stress- strain curves — with two different power-law regimes at different magnitudes of the strain.

scholarly journals Residual stress-strain relationship for the biochar-based mortar after exposure to elevated temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. e00540
Author(s):  
Satheeskumar Navaratnam ◽  
Hendrik Wijaya ◽  
Pathmanathan Rajeev ◽  
Priyan Mendis ◽  
Kate Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Relationship

A modified version of MATLAB application window for predicting the weld bead profile and stress–strain plot of AA5052 CMT weldment using ER4043

SIMULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003754972110315
Author(s):  
B Girinath ◽  
N Siva Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Strain Curve ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Weld Bead Geometry ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Engineering Stress

The present study deals with the extended version of our previous research work. In this article, for predicting the entire weld bead geometry and engineering stress–strain curve of the cold metal transfer (CMT) weldment, a MATLAB based application window (second version) is developed with certain modifications. In the first version, for predicting the entire weld bead geometry, apart from weld bead characteristics, x and y coordinates (24 from each) of the extracted points are considered. Finally, in the first version, 53 output values (five for weld bead characteristics and 48 for x and y coordinates) are predicted using both multiple regression analysis (MRA) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) technique to get an idea related to the complete weld bead geometry without performing the actual welding process. The obtained weld bead shapes using both the techniques are compared with the experimentally obtained bead shapes. Based on the results obtained from the first version and the knowledge acquired from literature, the complete shape of weld bead obtained using ANFIS is in good agreement with the experimentally obtained weld bead shape. This motivated us to adopt a hybrid technique known as ANFIS (combined artificial neural network and fuzzy features) alone in this paper for predicting the weld bead shape and engineering stress–strain curve of the welded joint. In the present study, an attempt is made to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction when the number of trials is reduced to half and increasing the number of data points from the macrograph to twice. Complete weld bead geometry and the engineering stress–strain curves were predicted against the input welding parameters (welding current and welding speed), fed by the user in the MATLAB application window. Finally, the entire weld bead geometries were predicted by both the first and the second version are compared and validated with the experimentally obtained weld bead shapes. The similar procedure was followed for predicting the engineering stress–strain curve to compare with experimental outcomes.

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