Validation of an MRI-Based Method for Measuring the Deformation of the Brain During Angular Acceleration

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash A. Sabet ◽  
Eftyxios Christoforou ◽  
Benjamin Zatlin ◽  
Guy M. Genin ◽  
Philip V. Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Model System ◽  
Strain Fields ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Simple Model System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gel Phantom

A magnetic resonance (MR) method for measuring the deformation of the brain during angular acceleration was validated in a simple model system. Experimentally-derived shear strain patterns in a cylindrical gel “phantom” under angular acceleration were compared to analogous strain fields predicted by finite element simulation.

scholarly journals Williams Syndrome As a Model for Elucidation of the Pathway Genes - the Brain - Cognitive Functions: Genetics and Epigenetics

Acta Naturae ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. А. Nikitina ◽  
A. V. Medvedeva ◽  
G. А. Zakharov ◽  
Е. V. Savvateeva-Popova
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Epigenetic Events ◽  
Simple Model System ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Genomic diseases or syndromes with multiple manifestations arise spontaneously and unpredictably as a result of contiguous deletions and duplications generated by unequal recombination in chromosomal regions with a specific architecture. The Williams syndrome is believed to be one of the most attractive models for linking genes, the brain, behavior and cognitive functions. It is a neurogenetic disorder resulting from a 1.5 Mb deletion at 7q11.23 which covers more than 20 genes; the hemizigosity of these genes leads to multiple manifestations, with the behavioral ones comprising three distinct domains: 1) visuo-spatial orientation; 2) verbal and linguistic defect; and 3) hypersocialisation. The shortest observed deletion leads to hemizigosity in only two genes: eln and limk1. Therefore, the first gene is supposed to be responsible for cardiovascular pathology; and the second one, for cognitive pathology. Since cognitive pathology diminishes with a patients age, the original idea of the crucial role of genes straightforwardly determining the brains morphology and behavior was substituted by ideas of the brains plasticity and the necessity of finding epigenetic factors that affect brain development and the functions manifested as behavioral changes. Recently, non-coding microRNAs (miRs) began to be considered as the main players in these epigenetic events. This review tackles the following problems: is it possible to develop relatively simple model systems to analyze the contribution of both a single gene and the consequences of its epigenetic regulation in the formation of the Williams syndromes cognitive phenotype? Is it possible to use Drosophila as a simple model system?

scholarly journals A Simple Model System Enabling Human CD34+ Cells to Undertake Differentiation Towards T Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e69572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lapenna ◽  
Christopher B-Lynch ◽  
Chrysa Kapeni ◽  
Richard Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Model System ◽  
Human Cd34 ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Simple Model System

scholarly journals Coupled Normal Heat and Matter Transport in a Simple Model System

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (24) ◽  
pp. 5417-5420 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mejía-Monasterio ◽  
H. Larralde ◽  
F. Leyvraz
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Model System ◽  
Normal Heat ◽  
Matter Transport ◽  
Simple Model System

scholarly journals A simple model system to study coupled photonic crystal microcavities

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-545
Author(s):  
Alain Perrier ◽  
Yvan Guilloit ◽  
Élodie Le Cren ◽  
Yannick Dumeige
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Model System ◽  
Simple Model System ◽  
Photonic Crystal Microcavities

Al(iii)-NTA-fluoride: a simple model system for Al–F binding with interesting thermodynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (39) ◽  
pp. 13726-13736
Author(s):  
Eliška Hacaperková ◽  
Adam Jaroš ◽  
Jan Kotek ◽  
Johannes Notni ◽  
Michal Straka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Coordination Sphere ◽  
Model System ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Phosphate Anion ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Fast Exchange ◽  
Simple Model System ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
High Phosphate

Unsaturated AlIII complex shows a fast exchange of water molecules, hydroxide and fluoride anions in the coordination sphere, highly pH-dependent fluoride binding and release of fluorides at high pH or at high phosphate anion concentrations.

Tadpole Swimming Network

2017 ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
Keith T. Sillar ◽  
Wen-Chang Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Model System ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Sensory Adaptation ◽  
Simple Model System ◽  
Network Output ◽  
Network Operation

Xenopus laevis frog tadpoles near the time of hatching have proved to be an excellent model system in which to explore the neural mechanisms responsible for the initiation, maintenance, sensory adaptation, and termination of rhythmic locomotor activity in vertebrates. The underlying neural network is one of the most completely understood in any vertebrate. Detailed knowledge has accrued over the last 40 years, highlighting conserved operational features of vertebrate rhythm generators and serving as an invaluable platform from which to investigate associated issues of fundamental importance in neuroscience, such as motor program switching, transmitter corelease, network development, neuromodulation, and metamodulation of network operation. There are many advantages of this simple model system, including the presence of a well-defined network output that relates directly to the behavior of the animal under study (namely, swimming locomotion).

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