Interactive Effect of Surface Tension and Viscosity on Displacement of Airway Mucus Inside a Rigid Model Adult Trachea During Cough

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anpalaki J. Ragavan ◽  
Cahit A. Evrensel ◽  
Peter Krumpe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Capillary Number ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Altered Surface ◽  
Rigid Model ◽  
Human Trachea ◽  
Airway Mucus

Altered surface and viscoelastic properties of mucus during respiratory diseases have a strong influence on its clearance by cilia and cough. Combined effect of the surface tension and viscosity with relatively unchanged storage modulus of simulated airway mucus (simulant) considered as the capillary number on displacement of 0.3mL simulant aliquot during simulated cough through a model adult human trachea at relatively low cough velocity (15±0.5m/s) of 0.3s duration was investigated. Displacement of simulant aliquots decreased significantly with capillary number (p<0.0001). The interactive effects of viscosity and surface properties may give insight into understanding mucus displacement at low cough velocities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma.

Increasing Storage Modulus, Contact Angle and Surface Tension of Airway Mucus Increases Clearance by Simulated Cough Through a Model Trachea

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anpalaki J. Ragavan ◽  
Cahit A. Evrensel ◽  
Peter Krumpe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Altered Surface ◽  
Human Trachea ◽  
Tension Increase ◽  
And Storage

Altered surface and viscoelastic material properties of mucus during respiratory diseases have a strong influence on its clearance by cilia and cough. Combined effects of the surface properties (contact angle and surface tension) and storage modulus with relatively unchanged viscosity on displacement of the simulated mucus aliquot during simulated cough through a model adult human trachea is investigated. For the mucus simulants used in this study contact angle and surface tension increase significantly as storage modulus increase while viscosity remains practically unchanged. Displacement of mucus simulant aliquots increased significantly with increasing storage modulus (and contact angle) at a given cough velocity in the range between 5 meters/second (m/s) and 30 m/s with duration 0.3 s. Results suggest that the interactive effects of elasticity and surface properties may help facilitate mucus displacement at low cough velocities.

scholarly journals The Potential Role and Regulatory Mechanisms of MUC5AC in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Li ◽  
Zuguang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mucus Hypersecretion ◽  
Airway Mucus

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally. Studies show that airway mucus hypersecretion strongly compromises lung function, leading to frequent hospitalization and mortality, highlighting an urgent need for effective COPD treatments. MUC5AC is known to contribute to severe muco-obstructive lung diseases, worsening COPD pathogenesis. Various pathways are implicated in the aberrant MUC5AC production and secretion MUC5AC. These include signaling pathways associated with mucus-secreting cell differentiation [nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)and IL-13-STAT6- SAM pointed domain containing E26 transformation-specific transcription factor (SPDEF), as well as epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)], and signaling pathways related to mucus transport and excretion-ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Various inhibitors of mucus hypersecretion are in clinical use but have had limited benefits against COPD. Thus, novel therapies targeting airway mucus hypersecretion should be developed for effective management of muco-obstructive lung disease. Here, we systematically review the mechanisms and pathogenesis of airway mucus hypersecretion, with emphasis on multi-target and multi-link intervention strategies for the elucidation of novel inhibitors of airway mucus hypersecretion.

scholarly journals Endotracheal tube mucus as a source of airway mucus for rheological study

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (4) ◽  
pp. L498-L509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Markovetz ◽  
Durai B. Subramani ◽  
William J. Kissner ◽  
Cameron B. Morrison ◽  
Ian C. Garbarine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mucus Clearance ◽  
Rheologic Properties ◽  
Airway Mucus

Muco-obstructive lung diseases (MOLDs), like cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, affect a spectrum of subjects globally. In MOLDs, the airway mucus becomes hyperconcentrated, increasing osmotic and viscoelastic moduli and impairing mucus clearance. MOLD research requires relevant sources of healthy airway mucus for experimental manipulation and analysis. Mucus collected from endotracheal tubes (ETT) may represent such a source with benefits, e.g., in vivo production, over canonical sample types such as sputum or human bronchial epithelial (HBE) mucus. Ionic and biochemical compositions of ETT mucus from healthy human subjects were characterized and a stock of pooled ETT samples generated. Pooled ETT mucus exhibited concentration-dependent rheologic properties that agreed across spatial scales with reported individual ETT samples and HBE mucus. We suggest that the practical benefits compared with other sample types make ETT mucus potentially useful for MOLD research.

Interactive effects between Temperature and Humidity on Outpatient Visits of Respiratory Diseases in Lanzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua He ◽  
Guorong Chai ◽  
Yana Su ◽  
Yongzhong Sha ◽  
Shengliang Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

AbstractThis study assessing the lag and interactive effects between the daily average temperature and relative humidity on respiratory disease (RD) morbidity in Lanzhou, China, using data from daily outpatient visits for RD between 2014 and 2017, and meteorological and pollutant data during the same period analysed with Poisson Generalized Linear Model and Distributed Lag Non-linear Models, the effects are further explored by classifying the RD by gender, age and disease type. The results showed that the temperature and relative humidity on outpatient visits of different populations and types of RD is nonlinear, with a significant lag effect. Relative to 11°C, every 1°C decrease in temperature is associated with 10.98% (95% Confidence interval (CI): 9.87%–12.11%) increase for total RD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is affected only by low temperature, upper respiratory tract infection is affected by both low and high temperatures, and asthma is influenced by high temperature. When the relative humidity is less than 32%, every 1% decrease in relative humidity is associated with 6.00% (95% CI: 3.00%–9.11%) increase for total RD, relative humidity has different effects on the outpatient risk of different types of RD. Meanwhile, temperature and relative humidity have an obvious interactive effect on different types and populations of RD, when both temperature and humidity are at low levels, the higher the number of outpatient visits for RD. When the relative humidity is ≤50% and the temperature is ≤11°C, total RD outpatient visits increases by 4.502% for every 1°C drop in temperature; that is, dry environment with low temperature has the most significant impact on RD.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of airway mucus hypersecretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan-wen Tian ◽  
Fu-qiang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mucus Hypersecretion ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors ◽  
Airway Mucus

Abstract Airway mucus hypersecretion is one of the most important features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway mucus hypersecretion in COPD patients results in outcomes such as rapid decline of lung function, poor quality of life, and high rate of acute exacerbation, hospitalization and mortality. Nonpharmacologic treatments for airway mucus hypersecretion in COPD include smoking cessation and physical rehabilitation. Pharmacologic therapies include expectorants, mucolytics, methylxanthines, beta-adrenergic receptor agonists, anticholinergics, glucocorticoids, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, antioxidants, and antibiotics. Novel drugs with promising prospects are currently under clinical trials.

Effects of almitrine on hypoglossal and phrenic electroneurograms

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Weese-Mayer ◽  
R. T. Brouillette ◽  
L. Klemka ◽  
C. E. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
Arterial Po2

Almitrine increases breathing by stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors. Previous studies suggest clinical usefulness in the adult with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but little data are available to decide whether almitrine would be helpful in diseases involving pharyngeal airway obstruction, such as apnea of prematurity or obstructive sleep apnea. We investigated the effect of intravenous almitrine on hypoglossal (HG), an upper airway nerve, and phrenic (PHR) neural activity in eight alpha-chloralose-urethan anesthetized, paralyzed, vagotomized, and artificially ventilated cats. Recordings were made of raw and integrated HG and PHR electroneurograms (ENGs), alveolar PCO2, arterial PO2, arterial blood pressure, and rectal temperature. A dose-response study of cumulative almitrine doses ranging from 0.1 to 4.0 mg/kg was performed in three cats. The interactive effects of almitrine and hypoxic stimulation were investigated in four cats. The interactive effects of almitrine and hypercapnic stimulation were investigated in five cats. The interactive effects of almitrine and ventilatory timing were investigated in six cats. We found that 1) almitrine doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg iv increased both HG and PHR ENG activity, with a maximum effect at approximately 1.0 mg/kg; 2) almitrine markedly increased HG and PHR ENG activity at all arterial PO2 values from 35–175 Torr; 3) almitrine increased HG and PHR ENG activity at all arterial PCO2 values from 30–70 Torr; and 4) almitrine increased the ratio of tidal volume to inspiratory time and decreased the inspiratory muscle duty cycle at normoxia and eucapnia.

scholarly journals The Potential Role and Regulatory Mechanisms of MUC5AC in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Li ◽  
Zuguang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mucus Hypersecretion ◽  
Airway Mucus

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally. Studies show that airway mucus hypersecretion strongly compromises lung function, leading to frequent hospitalization and mortality, highlighting an urgent need for effective COPD treatments. MUC5AC is known to contribute to severe muco-obstructive lung diseases, worsening COPD pathogenesis. Various pathways are implicated in the aberrant MUC5AC production and secretion MUC5AC. These include signaling pathways associated with mucus-secreting cell differentiation [ nuclear factor-&kappa;B (NF-кB)and IL-13-STAT6- SAM pointed domain containing E26 transformation-specific transcription factor (SPDEF), as well as epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)], and signaling pathways related to mucus transport and excretion-ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Various inhibitors of mucus hypersecretion are in clinical use but have had limited benefits against COPD. Thus, novel therapies targeting airway mucus hypersecretion should be developed for effective management of muco-obstructive lung disease. Here, we systematically review the mechanisms and pathogenesis of airway mucus hypersecretion, with emphasis on multi-target and multi-link intervention strategies for the elucidation of novel inhibitors of airway mucus hypersecretion.

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