Effect of Enzymatic Degeneration on the Frictonal Property of Articular Cartilage

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Mochizuki ◽  
Shun Yanagida ◽  
Hiromichi Fujie
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Cartilage Sample ◽  
Bovine Articular Cartilage ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Friction Tester ◽  
Articular Cartilage Surface ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Loaded Area

Articular cartilage is consisted of the chondrocyte, collagen fibers and proteoglycan, and interstitial fluid. Basalo et al reported that the coefficient of friction of bovine articular cartilage on a glass surface measured in unconfined compression fashion was increased by the degeneration of proteoglycan [1]. In their friction test, it was difficult to test a small cartilage sample having undulation while the loaded area in cartilage specimen was almost unchanged during friction. For the assessment of frictional properties of enzymatically degenerated cartilage in more physiological condition, we developed a friction tester that allows for performing friction tests of articular cartilage surface against a spherical indenter. With the tester, the loaded area in cartilage specimen translated along with frictional motion while the compressive stress exceeded more than 1 MPa. In the present study, the effect of enzymatic degeneration of proteoglycan and collagen fiber on property of articular cartilage using the friction tester.

Strain Dependent Variations in the Frictional Properties of Bovine Articular Cartilage

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaswamy Krishnan ◽  
Monika Kopacz ◽  
Michael J. Carter ◽  
Gerard A. Ateshian
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Bovine Articular Cartilage ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Fluid Load ◽  
Strain Dependent

This study investigates the hypothesis that the equilibrium friction coefficient of cartilage decreases with increasing compressive strain. Furthermore, when accounting for this strain-dependence, it is hypothesized that the temporal response of the friction coefficient correlates linearly with interstitial fluid load support, in the configuration of unconfined compression stress-relaxation. Both hypotheses were confirmed from theory and experiment.

scholarly journals Frictional Response of Bovine Articular Cartilage Under Creep Loading Following Proteoglycan Digestion With Chondroitinase ABC

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines M. Basalo ◽  
Faye Hui Chen ◽  
Clark T. Hung ◽  
Gerard A. Ateshian
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Chondroitinase Abc ◽  
Bovine Articular Cartilage ◽  
Creep Loading

The specific aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chondroitinase ABC treatment on the frictional response of bovine articular cartilage against glass, under creep loading. The hypothesis is that chondroitinase ABC treatment increases the friction coefficient of bovine articular cartilage under creep. Articular cartilage samples (n=12) harvested from two bovine knee joints (1-3months old) were divided into a control group (intact specimens) and a treated group (chondroitinase ABC digestion), and tested in unconfined compression with simultaneous continuous sliding (±4mm at 1mm∕s) under a constant applied stress of 0.5MPa, for 2500s. The time-dependent response of the friction coefficient was measured. With increasing duration of loading, treated samples exhibited a significantly higher friction coefficient than control samples as assessed by the equilibrium value (treated: μeq=0.19±0.02; control: μeq=0.12±0.03; p=0.002), though the coefficient achieved immediately upon loading did not increase significantly (treated: μmin=0.0053±0.0025; control: μmin=0.037±0.0013; p=0.19). Our results demonstrate that removal of the cartilage glycosaminoglycans using chondroitinase ABC significantly increases the overall time-dependent friction coefficient of articular cartilage. These findings strengthen the motivation for developing chondroprotective strategies by increasing cartilage chondroitin sulfate content in osteoarthritic joints.

Synchronized Heterogeneous Indentation and Stress Relaxation Behavior of Articular Cartilage Upon Macroscopic Compression: A Preliminary Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Shen ◽  
Wenting Gu ◽  
Xavier-lewis Palmer ◽  
Siqi Guo ◽  
Zhili Hao
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Relaxation Modulus ◽  
Relaxation Behavior ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Cartilage Sample ◽  
Stress Relaxation Behavior ◽  
Bovine Articular Cartilage ◽  
Preliminary Study

By using a newly-developed experimental technique that is enabled by a polymer-based microfluidic device for detecting distributed normal loads, a preliminary study is presented on the synchronized heterogeneous indentation and stress relaxation behavior of articular cartilage upon macroscopic compression. In a measurement, a rigid cylinder probe is employed to exert macroscopic indentation or step input to a cartilage sample on the device. Consequently, the synchronized heterogeneous viscoelastic behavior of the sample translates to distributed normal loads acting on the device and is captured by the device. While the macroscopic load acting on a sample is recorded by a load cell, the deflections of a sample along its length are captured by the device. Thus, the measured results essentially are the load-deflection relations of a sample along its length. Full-thickness lapine and bovine articular cartilage samples are prepared and measured. A thorough data analysis is implemented on the recorded data for extracting their instant and relaxed indentation modulus, as well as Young’s relaxation modulus.

Experimental Investigation of aluminum doping crumb rubber/epoxy composite in reciprocating motion

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Goutam Chandra Karar ◽  
Nipu Modak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Friction Tester ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

The experimental investigation of reciprocating motion between the aluminum doped crumb rubber /epoxy composite and the steel ball has been carried out under Reciprocating Friction Tester, TR-282 to study the wear and coefficient of frictions using different normal loads (0.4Kg, 0.7Kgand1Kg), differentfrequencies (10Hz, 25Hz and 40Hz).The wear is a function of normal load, reciprocating frequency, reciprocating duration and the composition of the material. The percentage of aluminum presents in the composite changesbut the other components remain the same.The four types of composites are fabricated by compression molding process having 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% Al. The effect of different parameters such as normal load, reciprocating frequency and percentage of aluminum has been studied. It is observed that the wear and coefficient of friction is influenced by the parameters. The tendency of wear goes on decreasing with the increase of normal load and it is minimum for a composite having 10%aluminum at a normal load of 0.7Kg and then goes on increasing at higher loads for all types of composite due to the adhesive nature of the composite. The coefficient of friction goes on decreasing with increasing normal loads due to the formation of thin film as an effect of heat generation with normal load.

A Review of the Collagen Orientation in the Articular Cartilage

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352098877
Author(s):  
Roy D. Bloebaum ◽  
Andrew S. Wilson ◽  
William N. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Deep Zone ◽  
Collagen Fiber Orientation ◽  
Critical Point Drying

Objective There has been a debate as to the alignment of the collagen fibers. Using a hand lens, Sir William Hunter demonstrated that the collagen fibers ran perpendicular and later aspects were supported by Benninghoff. Despite these 2 historical studies, modern technology has conflicting data on the collagen alignment. Design Ten mature New Zealand rabbits were used to obtain 40 condyle specimens. The specimens were passed through ascending grades of alcohol, subjected to critical point drying (CPD), and viewed in the scanning electron microscope. Specimens revealed splits from the dehydration process. When observing the fibers exposed within the opening of the splits, parallel fibers were observed to run in a radial direction, normal to the surface of the articular cartilage, radiating from the deep zone and arcading as they approach the surface layer. After these observations, the same samples were mechanically fractured and damaged by scalpel. Results The splits in the articular surface created deep fissures, exposing parallel bundles of collagen fibers, radiating from the deep zone and arcading as they approach the surface layer. On higher magnification, individual fibers were observed to run parallel to one another, traversing radially toward the surface of the articular cartilage and arcading. Mechanical fracturing and scalpel damage induced on the same specimens with the splits showed randomly oriented fibers. Conclusion Collagen fiber orientation corroborates aspects of Hunter’s findings and compliments Benninghoff. Investigators must be aware of the limits of their processing and imaging techniques in order to interpret collagen fiber orientation in cartilage.

India Ink Pinprick Experiments on Surface Organization of Cricoarytenoid Joints

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel C. Kahane ◽  
Alice R. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cricoarytenoid Joint ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Fiber Organization

Collagen fiber organization in the articular surfaces of the cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) was studied using a pinpricking technique used in biomechanical research in orthopedics. Four male human formalin preserved specimens (3 months to 20 years) and 6 male freshly autopsied specimens (19 to 30 yrs) were studied. Specimens were dissected using the stereomicroscope. Distinctive patterns of articular cartilage slits reflect the orientation of collagen fibers in the cricoid and arytenoid articular surfaces. The orientation of the collagen fibers reinforces the articular surfaces along the principle path of CAJ motion. No age related differences were found. This suggests that the orientation of collagen fibers in the CAJ articular surfaces is prenatally determined rather than significantly influenced by postnatal mechanical factors.

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