Effect of Walking Speed on Angular Stiffness and Roll-Over Shape of the Intact and Prosthetic Feet of Transtibial Amputees

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Roland ◽  
Peter G. Adamczyk ◽  
Michael E. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Material Stiffness ◽  
Prosthetic Feet ◽  
Transtibial Amputees ◽  
Lower Limb Function

The calculated roll-over shape and respective radius of intact and prosthetic feet has been shown to be a useful measure of lower limb function during walking [1–2]. Hansen et al [3] reported that the roll-over radius, R, is constant over a range of speeds for the intact foot-ankle system. It may be assumed that the prosthetic foot R would also be constant with increased walking speed. Similarly, the angular stiffness of prosthetic feet is not likely to change with walking speed, as the material stiffness remains unchanged. However, the effective angular stiffness of the intact ankle may increase with the plantar flexor moment during the stance phase of gait, which typically increases in magnitude with walking speed.

scholarly journals Effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on lower limb function in patients after stroke: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-508
Author(s):  
Xueyi Ni ◽  
Liru Cui ◽  
Ruixia Bi ◽  
Jinghua Qian
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lower Limb Function

Background: In recent years, it is reported that non-invasive brain stimulation [including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)] could improve lower limb function in patients after stroke. However, some studies showed no effect. In the present study, we aimed to make a meta-analysis to assess effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on lower limb function in patients after stroke. Methods: Studies exploring the effect of tDCS or rTMS on lower limb function in patients after stroke were searched on the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, Google Scholar before March 2021. Meta-analysis was made to summarize results of these studies. Results: The present study showed significantly better walking speed, mobility and muscle strength increase effect in tDCS group compared to sham tDCS group [walking speed: standard mean difference (SMD) = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.48 to 1.80, I2 = 74.0%, p value for Q test < 0.001; mobility: SMD = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.21 to 1.36, I2 = 53.8%, p value for Q test = 0.043; muscle strength: SMD = 2.79, 95% CI = 0.61 to 4.98, I2 = 93.9%, p value for Q test < 0.001]. In addition, meta-analysis showed significantly better walking speed, balance and motor function increase effect in rTMS group compared to sham rTMS group [walking speed: SMD = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.38 to 5.24, I2 = 92.1%, p value for Q test < 0.001; balance: SMD = 3.54, 95% CI = 1.45 to 5.63, I2 = 95.4%, p value for Q test < 0.001; motor function: SMD = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.53 to 2.76, I2 = 90.3%, p value for Q test < 0.001]. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that non-invasive brain stimulation improved lower limb function in patients after stroke. More large scale, blinded RCTs were necessary to confirm the effect of rTMS and tDCS on lower limb function in patients after stroke.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a 3-month antifalling program in the mobility, balance confidence, and muscle performance of older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Rahim Nor ◽  
Maria Justine ◽  
Angelbeth Joanny ◽  
Azrul Anuar Zolkafli
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Balance Confidence ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
Lower Limb Function

This study determined the effectiveness of a 3-month group-based multicomponent exercise program in the mobility, balance confidence, and muscle performance of older adults. A total of 40 participants (mean age=70.60±6.25 years completed pre- and posttest clinical intervention measures of mobility using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, balance confidence using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, upper limb strength (handgrip dynamometer), and lower limb function (30-sec chair rise test). Data were analyzed using paired t-test and based on TUG criteria for risk of fall (low- and high-risk groups). Significant improvements were found in all measures (All P<0.05) following the 3-month program. Measures according to the risk of fall categories were also significantly improved (P<0.01), except the left handgrip strength (P>0.05). The low-risk group showed a higher improvement in mobility (14.87% vs. 11.74%), balance confidence (34.21% vs. 26.08%), and lower limb function (96.87% vs. 21.20%) but was not significantly different from the high-risk group (P>0.05). A group-based multicomponent exercise program benefited the physical functions of older adults at low- or high risk of falls.

Instrumented staircase for kinetic analyses of upper-and lower-limb function during stair gait

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chapdelaine ◽  
B. J. McFadyen ◽  
S. Nadeau ◽  
G. St-Vincent ◽  
E. Langelier
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Lower Limb Function

Construction and pilot assessment of the Lower Limb Function Assessment Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Allart ◽  
Julie Paquereau ◽  
Caroline Rogeau ◽  
Walter Daveluy ◽  
Odile Kozlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Function Assessment ◽  
Lower Limb Function

scholarly journals Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Facilitate Lower Limb Recovery Following Stroke: Current Evidence and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Samuel Gowan ◽  
Brenton Hordacre
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Lower Limb Function

Stroke remains a global leading cause of disability. Novel treatment approaches are required to alleviate impairment and promote greater functional recovery. One potential candidate is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which is thought to non-invasively promote neuroplasticity within the human cortex by transiently altering the resting membrane potential of cortical neurons. To date, much work involving tDCS has focused on upper limb recovery following stroke. However, lower limb rehabilitation is important for regaining mobility, balance, and independence and could equally benefit from tDCS. The purpose of this review is to discuss tDCS as a technique to modulate brain activity and promote recovery of lower limb function following stroke. Preliminary evidence from both healthy adults and stroke survivors indicates that tDCS is a promising intervention to support recovery of lower limb function. Studies provide some indication of both behavioral and physiological changes in brain activity following tDCS. However, much work still remains to be performed to demonstrate the clinical potential of this neuromodulatory intervention. Future studies should consider treatment targets based on individual lesion characteristics, stage of recovery (acute vs. chronic), and residual white matter integrity while accounting for known determinants and biomarkers of tDCS response.

scholarly journals Changes in ADL and lower limb function after total knee arthroplasty

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S261
Author(s):  
Y. Sugawara ◽  
H. Kurosawa ◽  
Y. Shimura ◽  
T. Kawasaki ◽  
M. Tsuchiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Lower Limb Function

Parametric Evaluation of Hindfoot and Forefoot Properties and Their Effect on the Angular Stiffness of Prosthetic Feet

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Adamczyk ◽  
Michelle Roland ◽  
Michael E. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Moment Arms ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
Deformation Mechanics ◽  
Prosthetic Feet ◽  
Stiffness Characteristics ◽  
Parametric Adjustment

Prosthetic foot stiffness has been recognized as an important factor in optimizing the walking performance of amputees [1–3]. Commercial feet are available in a range of stiffness categories and geometries. The stiffness of linear displacements of the hindfoot and forefoot for several commercially available feet have been reported to be within a range of 27–68 N/mm [4] and 28–76 N/mm [5], respectively, but these values are most relevant only to the earliest and latest portions of stance phase, when linear compression or rebound naturally occur. In contrast, mid-stance kinetics are more related to the angular stiffness of the foot, which describes the ankle torque produced by angular progression of the lower limb over the foot during this phase. Little data is available regarding the angular stiffness of any commercially available feet. The variety of geometries between manufacturers and models of prosthetic feet makes a direct calculation of effective angular stiffness challenging due to changes in moment arms based on loading condition, intricacies of deformation mechanics of the structural components, and mechanical interaction between hindfoot and forefoot components. Thus, modeling the interaction between hindfoot stiffness, forefoot stiffness, and keel geometries and their combined effect on the angular stiffness of the foot may be a useful tool for correlating functional outcomes with stiffness characteristics of various feet. To understand how each of these factors affects angular stiffness, we developed a foot that can parametrically adjust each of these factors independently. The objective of this study was to mathematically model, design, and experimentally validate a prosthetic foot that has independent hindfoot and forefoot components, allowing for parametric adjustment of stiffness characteristics and keel geometry in future studies of amputee gait.

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