scholarly journals Integrating ultrasound education and resources within undergraduate medical education in order to Bring Ultrasound Internationally for Long-term Development (BUILD)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Prats ◽  
Kirsten Irene Boone ◽  
Diane Gorgas ◽  
David Bahner
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
State University ◽  
Ultrasound Education ◽  
Online Curriculum ◽  
Health Course ◽  
The Ohio State University

Aims: At the Ohio State University College of Medicine, medical students have the option to train in ultrasound and take part in global electives where they can utilize clinical ultrasound. This presents the opportunity for medical students to engage in bidirectional sharing of medical and ultrasound knowledge in geographic regions with limited resources. We developedBringing Ultrasound Internationally for Long-term development (BUILD), a longitudinal course, to provide standardized ultrasound education to students planning to enroll in global health electives.Material and methods: This was a pilot study of the BUILD curriculum. Third-year medical students planning to complete a global health elective were invited to participate. Enrolled students completed an online curriculum, hands-on scanning, and pathology sessions, which augmented the predeparture Global Health course work. Students received two resource assessments: one to be completed by the student, and one to be completed by the on-site preceptor. Main outcomes measured were number of enrolled students, primary indications for imaging, and number of scans per-day.Results: In total, 152 students participated in the study and traveled to 22 different global sites in Low-Income Countries (LIC’s). All enrolled students completed the curriculum. Between 3 and 25 scans were performed per day and the leading indication for ultrasound imaging was obstetric and abdominal pain evaluation.Conclusions: The BUILD curriculum is a feasible construct to prepare students for using ultrasound during global electives. Students successfully performed proctored scans in a variety of settings. This format can be adopted by other institutions to further support student and global ultrasound programs.

scholarly journals THE NATURE OF INNOVATION ECO-SYSTEM OF THE WESTERN KAZAKH STATE UNIVERSITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Liliya Mergaliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
State University ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Frugal Innovation ◽  
Innovation Culture ◽  
New Business ◽  
The University

It was a strong belief that higher education institutions are notoriously resistant to change. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, universities have quickly and effectively moved millions of students and educators online despite huge logistical and technological challenges. There are very few industries that have reacted in this way. In future leading universities will look for a new business model and apply disruptive innovations into the leaning process.Today is a right time for planning a long term innovation strategy. In recent years Kazakh higher education development has been accompanied by intensive economic growth and raising demand for high qualifies employers. The aim of this research is to reveal the ways of implementing high innovation and creativity approach in universities under example of Western Kazakhstan State University. This study examines the factors determining conditions for development of innovation culture across the university and industry. The methodology is based on expert interviews, reflective experiences; surveying research for innovation, incorporating the information on innovation landscape map, university infrastructure, human resources, PESTEL analysis as well as industry overview. The results show that WKSU needs frugal innovation, as it provides a new entrepreneurial landscape for companies in low-income countries with limited resources to develop innovations.

A Comparison of the Expectations and Experiences of Medical Students From High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries Participating in Global Health Clinical Electives

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Peluso ◽  
Adam Rodman ◽  
Douglas A. Mata ◽  
Anne T. Kellett ◽  
Susan van Schalkwyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries

scholarly journals Integrated photothermal decontamination device for N95 respirators

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Muñoz ◽  
Maxime Comtois-Bona ◽  
David Cortes ◽  
Cagla Eren Cimenci ◽  
Qiujiang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Photothermal Treatment ◽  
Mild Temperature ◽  
N95 Respirators ◽  
Uv C

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the COVID-19 global pandemic has infected over 25 million people worldwide and resulted in the death of millions. The COVID-19 pandemic has also resulted in a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) in many regions around the world, particularly in middle- and low-income countries. The shortages of PPE, such as N95 respirators, is something that will persist until an effective vaccine is made available. Thus, devices that while being easy to operate can also be rapidly deployed in health centers, and long-term residences without the need for major structural overhaul are instrumental to sustainably use N95 respirators. In this report, we present the design and validation of a decontamination device that combines UV-C & B irradiation with mild-temperature treatment. The device can decontaminate up to 20 masks in a cycle of < 30 min. The decontamination process did not damage or reduce the filtering capacity of the masks. Further, the efficacy of the device to eliminate microbes and viruses from the masks was also evaluated. The photothermal treatment of our device was capable of eradicating > 99.9999% of the bacteria and > 99.99% of the virus tested.

scholarly journals Position of Scientific Oncological Societies Towards Biosimilar Antibodies

Breast Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Wörmann ◽  
Marianne Sinn
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Informed Consent Process ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Careful Documentation

First biosimilars of monoclonal antibodies have recently been approved in oncology. Biosimilars enable economic competition, alleviate the financial burden for insurances, and may facilitate access to these drugs in low-income countries. Biosimilars are not completely identical to the original drug. The approval of biosimilars is only partially based on results of randomized clinical studies. In the introduction phase of new biosimilars, this can lead to uncertainties for patients and physicians. Based on the current clinical data and experiences, biosimilars of monoclonal antibodies in oncology show no significant differences in pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety in comparison to the patented originals. Scientific medical societies recommend the use of biosimilar monoclonal antibodies and support switching in long-term treatments. However, the use of biosimilars for off-label indications requires additional attention towards efficacy and safety. Active counselling of the patient by the treating physician is the most important step in the informed consent process, especially when switching from an original to a biosimilar. Careful documentation of the prescribed drug and enhanced pharmacovigilance are recommended for the use of biosimilars.

scholarly journals Using Metabolomics to Classify the Underlying Effects of Multi-Nutrient Supplementation in ADHD Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1351-1351
Author(s):  
Madeline Stern ◽  
Leanna Perez ◽  
Jeanette Johnstone ◽  
Barbara Gracious ◽  
Brenda Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Nutrient Supplementation ◽  
Open Label Phase ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Objectives Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder commonly diagnosed in childhood. Current pharmaceutical treatment options provide a poor long-term risk: benefit ratio with little knowledge of the long-term effects. A broad-spectrum multi-nutrient formula has shown promise in children, but its effects on nutrient status and the underlying metabolome interactions have not been characterized. Methods Blood samples from medication-free children (n = 74) with ADHD enrolled in a double–blind randomized placebo-controlled multinutrient trial (RCT) were collected at baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention. Following RCT is an 8-week open label phase during which all participants took the active supplement. Symptoms were assessed using the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory 5. Double-blinded plasma samples will be analyzed for tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, magnesium, and zinc. Untargeted LC-MS metabolomics using HILIC chromatography and a high resolution QTof will assess very polar analytes in plasma extracts. Linear modeling will elucidate the influence of treatment, sampling time, and ADHD symptom score on plasma nutrient and plasma metabolite concentration. Results Preliminary findings of the open label phase show a significant improvement in inattention (P = 0.0435), hyperactivity (P = 0.0068), ODD (P = 0.0108) and DMDD (P = 0.0119). We hypothesize that these improvements in ADHD symptoms will be correlated with increased circulating concentrations of tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, magnesium, zinc, and metabolites involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and/or branched chain amino acid metabolism. Conclusions Preliminary findings indicate improvements of ADHD symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, ODD and DMDD following 8 weeks of open label multi-nutrient supplementation. Results of the double-blinded phase are expected to mirror those observed in the open label phase, with increases in nutrients in those receiving the multinutrient. Funding Sources The sample analyses were supported by NIH Award Number Grant P30 CA016058, OSU, and OSUCCC. Foundation for the Center of Excellence in Mental Health, Canada; The Ohio State University Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Clinical Research Center.

Health system reconstitution syndrome: an often misunderstood phenomenon in global health practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 618-624
Author(s):  
Anatole Manzi ◽  
Alyssa Ierardo ◽  
Jean Claude Mugunga ◽  
Cate Oswald ◽  
Patrick Ulysse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Active Implementation

Abstract The beginning of the 21st century was marked by the new definition and framework of health systems strengthening (HSS). The global movement to improve access to high-quality care garnered new resources to design and implement comprehensive HSS programs. In this effort, billions of dollars flowed from novel mechanisms such as The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; and several bilateral funders. However, poor health outcomes, particularly in low-income countries, raise questions about the effectiveness of HSS program implementation. While several evaluation projects focus on the ultimate impact of HSS programs, little is known about the short- and mid-term reactions occurring throughout the active implementation of HSS interventions. Using the well-documented WHO framework of six HSS building blocks, we describe the evolution and phases of health system reconstitution syndrome (HSRS), including: (1) quiescent phase, (2) reactive phase, (3) restorative phase and (4) stability phase. We also discuss the implications of HSRS on global health funding, implementation, policy and research. Recognizing signs of HSRS could improve the rigour of HSS program design and minimize premature decisions regarding the progress of HSS interventions.

scholarly journals The contribution of Dutch doctors in Global Health and Tropical Medicine to research in global health in low- and middle-income countries: an exploration of the evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Mooij ◽  
Esther MJ Jurgens ◽  
Jeroen van Dillen ◽  
Jelle Stekelenburg
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tropical Medicine ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Phd Thesis ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Results from medical research from high-income countries may not apply to low- and middle-income countries. Some expatriate physicians combine clinical duties with research. We present global health research conducted by Dutch medical doctors in Global Health and Tropical Medicine in low- and middle-income countries and explore the value of their research. We included all research conducted in the last 30 years by medical doctors in Global Health and Tropical Medicine in a low- and middle-income country, resulting in a PhD thesis. Articles and co-authors were found through Medline. More than half of the 18 identified PhD theses concerned maternal health and obstetrics, and the majority of the research was conducted in low-income countries, mostly in rural hospitals. Over 70 local co-authors were involved. Different aspects of these studies are discussed.

Global Health Perspective in Sarcomas and Other Rare Cancers

2018 ◽  
pp. 916-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaia Florou ◽  
Antonio G. Nascimento ◽  
Ashish Gulia ◽  
Gilberto de Lima Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Systemic Treatments ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Sarcomas, rare and heterogenous malignancies that comprise less than 1% of all cancers, have poor outcomes in the metastatic and refractory setting. Their management requires a multidisciplinary approach that consists of medical and surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and pathologists as well as ancillary support. In addition to systemic treatments, most patients will require surgical resection and radiation therapy, which mandates the use of the latest technologies and specialized expertise. Management guidelines have been developed in high-income countries, but their applicability in low-income countries, where resources may be limited, remains a challenge. In this article, we propose the best possible evidence-based practices specifically for income-constrained settings to overcome this challenge. In addition, we review the different methods that can be used in low-income countries to access new and expensive treatments, which often times carry prohibitive costs for these areas.

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