Corneal surgery by two-dimensional scanning of a low-energy excimer laser beam

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Unkroth ◽  
Karin Pachomis ◽  
Jens-Uwe Walther ◽  
D. Zimare
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Corneal Surgery

Excimer laser-induced ablation in corneal surgery by a two-dimensional scanning method

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Unkroth ◽  
Karin Pachomis ◽  
Eberhard Welsch ◽  
Jens-Uwe Walther ◽  
D. Zimare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Corneal Surgery ◽  
Scanning Method

Basic Study of Two Dimensional Thomson Scattering Measurement System by Multiple Reflections and Time-of-flight of Laser Beam

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
pp. 574-579
Author(s):  
Shingo Ito ◽  
Hisashi Sakamoto ◽  
Raita Kotani ◽  
Michiaki Inomoto ◽  
Yasushi Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Thomson Scattering ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Multiple Reflections ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Scattering Measurement

High Resolution Displacement of Functional Groups onto Fluorocarbon Resin Surface by Using ArF Excimer Laser

1996 ◽  
Vol 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shimizu ◽  
M. Murahara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Laser Fluence ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Arf Excimer Laser

ABSTRACTA Fluorocarbon resin surface was selectively modified by irradiation with a ArF laser beam through a thin layer of NaAlO2, B(OH)3, or H2O solution to give a hydrophilic property. As a result, with low fluence, the surface was most effectively modified with the NaAlO2 solution among the three solutions. However, the contact angle in this case changed by 10 degrees as the fluence changed only 1mJ/cm2. When modifying a large area of the surface, high resolution displacement could not be achieved because the laser beam was not uniform in displacing functional groups. Thus, the laser fluence was successfully made uniform by homogenizing the laser beam; the functional groups were replaced on the fluorocarbon resin surface with high resolution, which was successfully modified to be hydrophilic by distributing the laser fluence uniformly.

scholarly journals Complex magnetism of the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Ge2F: from a Néel spin-texture to a potential antiferromagnetic skyrmion

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 8654-8663
Author(s):  
Fatima Zahra Ramadan ◽  
Flaviano José dos Santos ◽  
Lalla Btissam Drissi ◽  
Samir Lounis
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
2D Material ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Spin Texture

Based on density functional theory combined with low-energy models, we explore the magnetic properties of a hybrid atomic-thick two-dimensional (2D) material made of germanene doped with fluorine atoms in a half-fluorinated configuration (Ge2F).

scholarly journals Bra-ket wormholes in gravitationally prepared states

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Chen ◽  
Victor Gorbenko ◽  
Juan Maldacena
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbolic Space ◽  
Path Integral ◽  
Flat Space ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Euclidean Case ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Entropy Formula ◽  
First Case

Abstract We consider two dimensional CFT states that are produced by a gravitational path integral.As a first case, we consider a state produced by Euclidean AdS2 evolution followed by flat space evolution. We use the fine grained entropy formula to explore the nature of the state. We find that the naive hyperbolic space geometry leads to a paradox. This is solved if we include a geometry that connects the bra with the ket, a bra-ket wormhole. The semiclassical Lorentzian interpretation leads to CFT state entangled with an expanding and collapsing Friedmann cosmology.As a second case, we consider a state produced by Lorentzian dS2 evolution, again followed by flat space evolution. The most naive geometry also leads to a similar paradox. We explore several possible bra-ket wormholes. The most obvious one leads to a badly divergent temperature. The most promising one also leads to a divergent temperature but by making a projection onto low energy states we find that it has features that look similar to the previous Euclidean case. In particular, the maximum entropy of an interval in the future is set by the de Sitter entropy.

scholarly journals Laser surface modified ductile iron by pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam with two-dimensional array distribution

2005 ◽  
Vol 245 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chen ◽  
C.H. Gan ◽  
L.X. Wang ◽  
G. Yu ◽  
A. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pulsed Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Surface Modified
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